ISSN 2375-1266
Review
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 4 (6), pp. 239-247, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Balancing agricultural production goals with environmental stewardship
*Isaac Aboderin1, Badmus Fakeye2 and Kayode Falola2
1ICRAF Agroforestry Programme, P.O. Box 30798, Lilongwe 03, Malawi.
2World Agroforestry Centre Regional Office, 2698 Avenida das FPLM, Mavalane, P.O. Box 1884, Maputo, Mozambique.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 13 June, 2016
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in many Sub-Saharan Africa countries especially where seasonal food deficits occur frequently, is how best to achieve a balance between the goals of food security and agricultural production on the one hand, and the concerns for the conservation of environmental quality and natural resources capital on the other. A number of agricultural production technologies (based on natural resource management principles) exist that offer opportunities for achieving the two seemingly divergent goals because they have the characteristics to produce joint multiple outputs, i.e, they produce food and provide environmental services. However, farmer adoption of these technologies has generally been limited. Drawing from natural resource economics, this study presents a conceptual framework that provide environmental-economic logic for establishing incentives that internalize the environmental services produced by multiple-outputs land use technologies. Using a land use practice based on agroforestry principles (that is, “improved tree fallows”) as a case study, this paper synthesizes studies carried out in southern Africa region for over a decade. It then discusses how the potential impacts of the technological advances made in research and development are affected by policy and institutional constraints, among other challenges. With particular emphasis on the socio-economic context in southern Africa, the paper identifies options for addressing these institutional and policy constraints in order to facilitate adoption of multi- output land use practices by farmers and unlock their potential to meet food production goals for individual households and environmental services for the wider society.
Key words: Adoption, Agri -Environmental quality, Environmental services, Natural resource economics, Payment for environmental services, Science-policy linkages.
Badmus Fakeye and Kayode Falola, *Isaac Aboderin
Page: 239 - 247
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 4 (5), pp. 227-238, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of performance of government and the private sector in the collection and disposal of solid waste in Kampala City during the period 2008-2012
Mugweri Fredrick1, Joseph Oonyu C2 and John Sentongo3
1Makerere University School of Education, Kampala Uganda.
2Department of Science, Technical and Vocational Education, Makerere University.
3Department of Science, Technical and Vocational Education, Makerere University.
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Accepted 14 October, 2017
Abstract
Mugweri Fredrick, Joseph Oonyu C and John Sentongo
Page: 227 - 238
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 4 (4), pp. 217-226, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Reverse logistics, solid and household waste management: The case of Tunisian territory
Harizi Riadh
Department of Business Administration, College of Business, University of Bisha, PO. Box. 1113, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia, Tunis University, GEF2A Laboratory.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 07 April, 2017
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the current distribution of Tunisian landfill solid waste and propose a new organization of Tunisian territory. To better manage waste and establish a territorial equity, we offer a model of reverse logistics that will minimize the waste flow, reducing the overall cost of reverse logistics and create jobs. We observe quantitative data of waste management related to all operational landfills in Tunisia, and we compare it with the results of a new organization of the Tunisian territory. To minimize the total cost of landfill, we propose a deterministic model. The latter takes into account such loading capacity of the landfill, all regional requests, and the binary restriction on the location decision variables (Branch & Bound decomposition and application of fixed charge facility location problems). By using the proposed model together with the concept of rationality, we obtained the best place of every landfill. We recommend the opening of seven new landfills and the closure of six centers sites already operational. Results of our simulation can satisfy the total demand of all Tunisian regions by ensuring landfills capacities and minimizing the distances traveled to transport waste. At the same time, we can ensure territorial equity in meeting the demand regions, and we find that effective waste management involves lowering the overall cost of reverse logistics, which creates jobs.
Keywords: Cost minimization, household and solid wastes management, landfill, Tunisian landfill location, sustainable reverse logistics.
Harizi Riadh
Page: 217 - 226
Review
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 206-216, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Domestic waste management and its environmental impacts in Addis Ababa City
Ali Mohammed and Eyasu Elias
Center for Environmental Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 31 January, 2017
Abstract
Addis Ababa city’s solid waste is a threat to the environment as only 65% produced per day is collected and disposed, 5% is recycled, 5% is composted, while the remaining 25% is uncollected and dumped in unauthorized areas. As the municipal wastes are dominated by domestic wastes, their management and associated environmental impacts is worthy of attention. The review aimed to examine the sources and impacts of domestic wastes and evaluate the existing waste management practices through field visit, discussion and review of documents. The solid waste generation rate is 0.45kg/capita/day; while around 100,000 m3 waste water is also produced per day from domestic activities alone. Wastes collectors participate in the waste management, with service charges of 20% of the water consumed for residential houses. The city is still dependent on ‘Reppi’ dumping site that receives over 750 tons of solid waste per day. Inadequate domestic waste management creates a range of environmental problems. The collection and treatment of waste water is complicated by the absence of sewerage networks and treatment plants, as sewer network coverage accounts for 7.5% of the built-up areas. Segregation, treatment, proper disposal, policy and law enforcement and capacity building are potential areas of improvement and research interventions.
Keywords: Domestic waste, Addis Ababa, Repi/Koshe, impact of waste, waste management.
Eyasu Elias, Ali Mohammed
Page: 206 - 216
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 195-205, February. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the environmental impact of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Company on the environment
James Amaechi, Tamara Alabo and Rufus Ledor
Department of Urban And Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Rivers State University,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding authors: E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 02 December, 2016
Abstract
The environmental impact of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Company for the environment and social conditions using the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) in Rivers State, Niger Delta area of Nigeria as a case study is analysed in this paper. Specifically, the paper analyses the environment and social consequences of the operations of NLNG on the immediate environment. Data were collected from both the secondary and primary sources. The paper reveals that air borne diseases are the common ailments. Loss of potable water as well as farmland/wildlife is prevalent while societal values are shown to have broken down. However, NLNG has put some measures in place in order to mitigate some of these negative impacts of its operations on the environment.
Keywords: Liquefied Natural Gas, environment impact, Bonny Island, Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Tamara Alabo and Rufus Ledor, James Amaechi
Page: 195 - 205
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2329-9843 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 190-194, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Energy potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Kampala, a Case Study of Kiteezi Landfill Site
Drake Mboowa*, Isa Kabenge, Nobel Banadda and Nicholas Kiggundu
Makerere University, Department of Agricultural and Bio-Systems Engineering, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Email: [email protected]
Received 30 September, 2016; Revised 13 October, 2016; Accepted 21 January, 2017 and Published 30 January, 2017
Abstract
Less than 10% of the population have access to electrical and thermal energy in Uganda and there is a heavy dependence on wood fuel as a source of energy. In this study, the energy potential of Municipal Solid Waste at Kiteezi landfill, Kampala was qualitatively determined by carrying out Municipal solid waste (MSW) characterization, proximate analysis, and calorific value measurements. The samples were picked on different days and for each day, waste was randomly selected from five garbage trucks coming from residential areas (private trucks) and commercial areas (Kampala City Council Authority trucks). It was then sorted, weighed and packed in polythene bags and take to the laboratoty for analysis. Waste from the commercial areas consisted of 87.3 % food and yard waste, 2.0% papers, 0.4% plastics, 3.6% polyethylene, 2.2% water bottles, 0.9% textiles, 1.9% Glass, 0.2% metals, and 1.6% others. Whereas the waste from residential areas comprised of 94.4% food and yard waste, 1.2% papers, 0.3% plastics, 2.3% polyethylene, 0.6% water bottles, 0.4% textiles, 0.3% Glass, 0.1% metals, and 0.4% others. The organic waste on average had moisture content (8.69 wt. %), volatile matter (73.3 wt. %), fixed carbon (3.22 wt. %), and ash content (13.65 wt. %) on a dry basis. The organic waste also had a gross energy content of 19.26 MJ/Kg of dry matter. It was concluded that the organic waste generated in Kampala city can contribute positively to the energy sector.
Key words: Municipal solid waste, energy potential, electrical and thermal energy.
Isa Kabenge, Nobel Banadda and Nicholas Kiggundu, Drake Mboowa*
Page: 190 - 194