African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management

African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 11 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Efficacy of Horizontal Surface Flow Wetlands Vegetated with Echinochloa pyramidalis for the Elimination of Fecal Bacteria and Nutrients in Domestic Wastewater

Lekeufack Martin¹, Fonkou Théophile¹*, Pamo Tedonkeng Etienne² and Amougou Akoa³

¹Laboratory of Applied Botany, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
²Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
³Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

Accepted 24 July, 2020

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of faecal bacteria and nutrients from domestic wastewater, in surface flow wetlands vegetated with Echinochloa pyramidalis. Horizontal surface flow (HSF) wetlands were fed with primarily treated domestic wastewater at organic loading rates varying from 20.74 to 27.15 g BOD/m2/day for two consecutive years. Water samples were collected at two weeks interval from the inflow and the outflow of the treatment wetlands for physicochemical and faecal bacteria analyses. Physicochemical parameters with highest removal rates were total suspended solids (TSS, 62-80%), Nitrates (57-73 %) and PO4-3 (57-84 %). Faecal indicators reductions of 1.4 and 0.3 log units (1st year) and 1.15 and 0.65 log units (2nd year) were respectively recorded in the vegetated and the control wetlands. Reductions of total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci were significantly higher in the vegetated wetland than in the non-vegetated control in both seasons of the first year. In the contrary, there was no significant difference in the removal rates of faecal indicators between vegetated wetland and the non-vegetated control during the dry season of the second year. Wetlands vegetated with E. pyramidalis was proven to be continuously efficient in the removal of faecal indicators for the two years of study, with no significant differences between the seasons of the year and between the years.

Key words: Wastewater, wetlands, Echinochloa pyramidalis, faecal bacteria removal, nutrients removal.

African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 11 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Toxicological Analysis of Wastewater from the Tannery Sector on Oreochromis mossambicus

P. S. Navaraj* and J. Yasmin

Department of Zoology, Yadava College, Madurai, India.

Accepted 18 October, 2020

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of tannery industry wastewater on O. mossambicus. The histopathological changes observed in gills, liver, kidney and brain of the studied fish have demonstrated the quality status of industrial waste water. In the vital organs, the following marked changes were observed: filament cell proliferation, cellular infiltration, haemorrhage and epithelial lifting in gills, vacuolation of hepatocytes and necrosis in liver, exfoliation and swollen with pyknotic nuclei in kidney and enlarged pyramidal cells, binucleated nuclei, vacuolation, and necrosis in brain. These changes might be due to the various components of tannery wastewater on fish. Hence, proper treatment of tannery industry wastewater is highly recommended through this study.

Key words: Oreochromis mossambicus, acute toxicity, histopathology, tannery mill wastewater, liver, gills, kidney, brain.
 

African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevention of Chromium-Induced Cytogenetic Damage in Mouse Somatic Cells by Garlic Extract

Moshi Raju, K. Rudrama Devi* and Minny Jael. P

Human Genetics Lab., Department of Zoology, Osmania University.

Accepted 08 May, 2024

Abstract

The protective effect of garlic extract in chromium induced genotoxicity was evaluated using analysis of chromosomal aberrations in somatic cells of mice in IN VIVO animal model. Three doses of garlic extract were selected for modulation and were administered to animals after priming with chromium. All the animals were killed after 48 hrs of treatment and the mitotic preparations were made in somatic cells of mice. A significant decrease was observed in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations when animals primed with garlic extract. The present results clearly indicate the protective nature of garlic extract against heavy metal genotoxicity.

Keywords: Chromium, Chromosomal aberrations, Protection, Garlic extract.
 

African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of Cyanide Contamination in Various Food Products and Its Possible Effects on Vitamin B Complex Concentrations

¹Olaseinde Adewale Olasoji, ²Omoboyowa Damilola Alex, ³Okoronkwo C.O and ⁴Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel

^1,3Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
²Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
⁴Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Accepted 12 May, 2024

Abstract

Food crops namely sorghum, soybean, palm kernel, melon and groundnut were randomly selected from market in Oyo and Ogun states. The samples were finely ground, labeled (AW, AR, B, C, D and E) and analyzed spectrophotometrically for cyanide (bound, free and total), thiocyanide and vitamin B-complex concentrations. From the results, it was observed that cyanide was only present in sorghum and palm kernel samples. Absence of cyanide was observed in soybean, melon and groundnut. Red sorghum was observed to have significant (p<0.05) high total cyanide concentration compared with white sorghum from both Oyo and Ogun state markets. Both the red and white sorghum species from Ogun state contained significant (p<0.05) high concentration of total cyanide and thiocyanide respectively compared to those samples purchased from Oyo state. This seems to be influenced by climatic or soil factors. It was noted that palm kernel from both states had lower concentrations of thiocyanide and total cyanide in comparison to sorghum. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the concentrations of the vitamin B-complex in sorghum as compared to that of non-cyanide containing samples. This implies that the presence of cyanide might have no observable effect on vitamin B-complex synthesis in the plant samples.

Keywords: Cyanide, Thiocyanide, Vitamin B, Spectrophotometric, Food crops.
 

African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-010, June, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Strategies for Environmental Remediation of Aquaculture Drainage: A Case Study in Fish Farming

¹Salwa M. Abou ElElla and ²Hanan A. Abd El-Gawad

¹Assistant Professor, Channel Maintenance Research Institute (CMRI), National Water Research Center (NWRC), El-
Kanater, Qalubiya, P.O. Box 13621/6, Cairo, Egypt.
²Assistant Professor, Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research
Center (NWRC), El-Kanater, Qalubiya, P.O. Box 13621/6, Cairo, Egypt

Accepted 07 April, 2024

Abstract

The investigation of fish farm discharge effect on drainage network in Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate, three fish farms near by the three drains (near by El-Hax, El-Far and El-Canal drains) with three different production capacities were studied by examining water physicochemical criteria and natural wetland system. Water and plant samples were collected once during summer and winter using a quantitative technique. Results showed a significant increase in oxidizabile organic materials, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations, a decline in dissolved oxygen (D.O) concentration and pH in the outflow compared to Egyptian Environment Law 9/2009. Rhizofiltration application as one of phytoremediation technology included the emergent plants (Boos - Phragmites australis), Eichhornia crassipes and Canna indica were utilized to extract, sequester, and/or detoxify pollutants as in-stream wetland system at downstream fish farms sites that improved drainage water quality. In conclusion, the results have important consequences for future monitoring strategies of watershed and management of their gradual ecological improvement.

Keywords: Fish farm, Water quality, Technology, Wetland.
 

African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2375-1266 Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of Phytochemical Properties and Larvicidal Efficacy of Ethanol Extracts from Five Macrophyte Species Against Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

*Imam TS and Tajuddeen UM

Biological Sciences Department, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano Nigeria

Accepted 24 April, 2024

Abstract

The study aimed at qualitative phytochemical screening and larvicidal potencies of ethanolic extract of five selected macrophyte species. The ethanolic extracts were obtained through percolation process and were used in carrying out phytochemical test for alkaloids, saponins, resins, flavonoids, steroid, reducing sugar, tannins and phlobatannins. The result showed that all the aforementioned phytochemicals were present in all the extracts with the exception of resins. The toxicity test was carried out using mosquito larvae and the result obtained showed that extracts of Pistia stratiotes, Typha latifolia, Leucas martinicensis, Cynodon dactylon, and Nymphaea lotus has LC50 of 63.3, 68.1, 68.4, 68.1 and 62.8 mg/L respectively. This shows that N. lotus has the highest lethal effect while L. marticinensis has the least. Considering the side effect of chemical insecticides to human health, it is suggested that the use of organic insecticides should be encouraged so as to ameliorate health problems, since it is eco-friendly in nature.

Keywords: Macrophytes, phytochemical, ethanolic, toxicity.