ISSN 2375-1266
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN 2329-9843 Vol. 3 (6), pp. 187-189, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Vermitechnology: A new dimension to raise a nation’s GDP and scientific management of vegetable waste
Sajaad Iqbal Khan and R.K.Rampal
Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K).
Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 09 September, 2015
Abstract
The present world confronts with unwelcoming environmental complications generated by large scale production of solid waste. India is the fastest growing nation after china so as any developing nation India is also facing the problem of scientific management of Organic waste, as reflected from the data published by Indian council of agricultural research that during year 2014 vegetable production in India was 162.19 million tons (http://icar.org.in/). Out of which 30% of total production get wasted due to inadequate infrastructure. Approximately 48 million tons of vegetables become wasted every year in India. So as to deal with this problem the bioconversion of vegetable waste were carried out in controlled, conditioned by using four local earthworm species. Out of these earthworm species used for vermicomposting the Lampito mauritii was reported to be highly efficient for the production of vermicompost (78.3%) as well as an increase in earthworm biomass of 49.3% on vegetable, moreover GDP can be increased by approximately four hundred crores rupees ($62947520) by converting just one million tons of vegetable waste. The present study was conducted to calculate the vermitechnological potential of earthworm species of Jammu on vegetable waste and also help in economic value add to the Nation’s GDP.
Key words: Earthworms, GDP, potential, vermicomposting, vermiculture, and vegetable waste.
R.K.Rampal , Sajaad Iqbal Khan
Page: 187 - 189
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN: 2375-1266 Vol. 2 (10), pp. 180-186, October, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full length research paper
An evaluation of climate change and effects on global security
*Mohsen B. Abbasi, Abdolali Niusha and Namdari C. Dabir
Department of Environmental Law, Payame Noor University, Iran.
*Corresponding Author Email:[email protected]
Accepted 18 September, 2014
Abstract
Today, security is the most important and obvious example of fundamental human rights. In circumstances that most of peoples’ lives are exposed to threats and insecurity like wars, floods, tsunamis, and food and water shortages, these people cannot benefit from their rights; and if observing human rights is necessary, security rights of affected people should be guaranteed. There is a determined relation between security and living rights on one side, and freedom rights in the other. In addition to the impacts of climate change on peoples’ lives in different ways such as losing agricultural lands, it disrupts security in some parts of the world by creating conflict and contention and prevents realization of human rights and support of individual security. This research attempts to explain the impacts of climate change on economic, social, environmental, and human security that as a new in security arena, and to define international organizations’ roles in creating global peace.
Key words: Security, Global Warming, Peace, Millennium
Abdolali Niusha and Namdari C. Dabir, *Mohsen B. Abbasi
Page: 180 - 186
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN: 2375-1266 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 169-173, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the treatment of high strength nitrate and high salinity wastewater using a packed bed bioreactor filled with clinoptilolite as a carrier
*1Niusha B. Namdari, 1Abdolali A. Dabir and Mohsen Abbasi2
1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Payame Noor University, Iran.
2Department of Environmental Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 17 August, 2014
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the treatment of high strength nitrate, high salinity wastewater using a packed bed bioreactor filled with clinoptilolite as a carrier. Biological denitrification was monitored at different loadings rates (0.8-4 kg NO3-/m3·d) and salinities (10-40 g L-1). The experiments were carried out at an ambient temperature of 25 °C with synthetic wastewater. The denitrification rate, COD consumption, and nitrite accumulations were response parameters. In the experimental conditions, a maximum denitrification rate of 3.72 kg NO3-/(m3·d) was achieved with ethanol as a carbon source and salinity at 10g L-1. During denitrification, no more than 0.1 mg NO2- L-1 could be accumulated. This work demonstrates that biological denitrification with the denitrifier attached to clinoptilolite in a packed bed bioreactor can be a promising method for denitrifying brine wastewater.
Key words: Denitrification, Wastewater, Packed bed, Clinoptilolite, Salinity.
*Niusha B. Namdari, Abdolali A. Dabir and Mohsen Abbasi
Page: 169 - 173
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN: 2375-1266 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 165-168, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full length research paper
Evaluation of groundwater pollution by hydrocarbons and heavy metals (Northeast of Algeria)
*1Robert Lang, Karen Rebecca2 and Bruce Hynek Jones2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria.
2Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria.
*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]
Accepted 17 July, 2014
Abstract
Groundwater in the study area was shallow and found in the relatively permeable Mio-Pliocene alluviums comprised of sand and gravels. To assess groundwater pollution by hydrocarbons and heavy metals, piezometric level and physico-chemical data were monitored for eight months using 19 piezometers. The industrial effluents were sampled from a drainage channel within the industrial zone. The average results of physico-chemical analyses (TSS, Total Hydrocarbons and some metals) show an important qualitative degradation of the groundwater, especially in the parts situated in the down gradient area and in direct proximity of the drainage channel. Key factors influencing the extent of groundwater contamination include the depth of the water table, permeability of the soil, and therefore its infiltration rate. In order to prevent further deterioration of groundwater quality, effluent must be transported via pipes or impervious channels for treatment prior to discharge.
Keywords: Groundwater, Pollution, Effluents, Coastal aquifer, Northeast region, Algeria.
Karen Rebecca and Bruce Hynek Jones, *Robert Lang
Page: 165 - 168
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN: 2375-1266 Vol. 3 (4), pp. 174-179, April, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effect of treated waste water and manure on iron uptake and growth of caisim in entisol
*1Endang Jero Andrinof, 1Agus Muhaimin and Fahri Sudarsono2
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]
Accepted 14 July, 2015
Abstract
Consumers’ demand for better quality vegetables is increasing; however the external morphology of vegetables cannot guarantee safety from contamination. Heavy metals ranks high amongst the chief contaminants of leafy vegetables, especially if using sewage sludge or effluents from wastewater treatment plants for irrigation of agricultural lands. A greenhouse experiment in pots was carried out in order to assess the effect of combination of treated wastewater and dose of poultry manure on the bioavailability of heavy metal Fe in contaminated soils and its uptake from agricultural plants. Caisim/Chinese cabbage (BRASSICA SP) plants were grown. Soil samples were analyzed for determination the content of elements: Fe. Concentration of the same elements was measured also in the leaves and roots of investigated plants after harvesting. The research used completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was water irrigation: a) treated wastewater by slow-sand filtered and b) untreated wastewater irrigated. The second factor was the manure doses: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of soil weight. The result showed that treated wastewater by slow-sand filtered reduced BOD, COD, suspended solid, Mn and Fe concentration in wastewater. Treated wastewater by slow-sand filtered plus manure application significantly increased plants height, slightly increased dry leaves and roots weight of Caisim/Chinese cabbage, but without manure application has had no different effect. Chinese cabbage which was watered by untreated and treated waste water tended to have high level Fe on leaves and roots, but still below the levels which can be toxic to the plants.
Keywords: Caisim; Entisol; Fe uptake; Manure; Treated waste water
Agus Muhaimin and Fahri Sudarsono, *Endang Jero Andrinof
Page: 174 - 179
Research Article
African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN: 2375-1266 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 158-164, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full length research paper
A study of the preference level for the use of interlocking masonry over the conventional types in sustainable housing delivery in Nigeria
*1Okwesilieze Osuji, Peter O. Ekweremadu2 and Onyema C. Emmanuel2
1Department of Architecture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
2Department of Architecture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
Accepted 8 June, 2014
Abstract
This paper reports a study on the preference level for the use of interlocking masonry over the conventional types in sustainable housing delivery in Nigeria. Globally, buildings are the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gases emitters, consuming over 50% in some cases. Common materials used for masonry works in housing delivery in Nigeria such as sandcrete blocks and burnt bricks impact high energy and greenhouse gases on the environment due to the production processes involved. Intelligent choice of building materials capable of reducing energy used in buildings is imperative towards achieving materials efficiency and cost reduction. In this study, a comparative survey was carried out empirically among selected professionals in the building industry from 4 out the 6 geo-political zones in Nigeria through the use of questionnaire, direct observations, and interview schedules. Analyses of Chi-square test for significance of differences between materials price rating and acceptability of interlocking masonry as well as level of willingness of respondents to use the selected materials for future projects were conducted. Findings signify shorter time of construction and reduced cost of construction expended when interlocking blocks are used. The study concludes that interlocking masonry is a good replacement to the conventional types in construction of housing in Nigeria.
Keywords: building materials, conventional blocks, housing provision, interlocking blocks, sustainable.
*Okwesilieze Osuji, Peter O. Ekweremadu and Onyema C. Emmanuel
Page: 158 - 164