ISSN 2756-3316
Review
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (12), pp. 001-011, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Review of therapeutic groups for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients
Siousioura D.
45-47 Ypsylantou St., 10676, Athens, Greece. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 26 January, 2017
Abstract
The present review examines therapeutic groups for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. There is a report on the history of group therapeutic interventions for diabetes patients and a presentation of the four types of groups namely: a) medical, b) educational or psychoeducational, c) psychotherapeutic or social and emotional support groups, and d) groups with combined approaches and techniques. The transition from medical to educational and then psychotherapeutic groups for diabetes treatment represents the evolution of groups for diabetes patients over time, which has eventually led to the need for more holistic approach of the disease and thus to the formation of a model that combines all aspects of the disease and the patient.
Key words: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, patients, group therapy.
Siousioura D.
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Early microalbuminuria in adolescent Type 1 diabetic patients: Experience from a pediatric endocrine clinic in a developing countr
Depobam Samanta1*, V. Mallika2 and Sangeeta Yadav1
1Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak and G.B.Pant Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India.
2Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak and G.B.Pant Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India.
Accepted 26 January, 2017
Abstract
There are no studies of early microalbuminuria in adolescent Type 1 diabetic patients in the developing world where patients are considerably undernourished and follow conventional treatment regimens in most part. The objective was to assess the presence of microalbuminuria in Type 1 adolescent diabetes mellitus (DM) patients where patients still use conventional treatment regimen. The subjects (n = 30), in the age group of 10 to 18 years, were divided into two groups - good glycaemic (n = 16) and poor glycaemic (n = 14) control groups during end of study period based on their mean HbA1c value (<8.5 vs. ≥8.5, mean value over one year period). Though no subject with good glycaemic control developed microalbuminuria, 5 (35.7%) of the total 14 poor glycaemic control patients had microalbuminuria. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in the microalbuminuric group. It is concluded that malnourished adolescent Type 1 diabetic patients who follow conventional treatment regimen and are poorly controlled, may develop very early microalbuminuria.
Key words: Diabetic nephropathy, early diagnosis, microalbuminuria.
V. Mallika and Sangeeta Yadav, Depobam Samanta*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Syndrome of isolated FT3 toxicosis: A pilot study
Gintautas Kazanavicius1, Lina Lasaite2 and Aleksandra Graziene3*
1Department of Endocrinology , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu g. 2, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania, Europe.
2Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Eiveniu g. 2, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania, Europe.
3Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Eiveniu g. 2, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania, Europe.
Accepted 20 May, 2017
Abstract
When free thyroxine (FT4) concentration is elevated and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrarion is suppressed, hyperthyroidism is diagnosed. Some patient have normal FT4 concentration and elevated free triiodothyronine(FT3) concentration. This condition is named T3 toxicosis. The aim of the study was to describe the new syndrome of isolated FT3 toxicosis presenting normal TSH and FT4 levels and high FT3 with cardiological and mental complaints. 3026 out-patient individuals for the first time were examined because of thyroid pathology. There were analysed complains; serum concentration of TSH, FT4, FT3 were measured in blood and ultrasound examination of thyroid was performed for all patient. Isolated FT3 toxicosis was diagnosed to 31 (1.02%) of them: 30 (96.8%) woman and 1 (3.2%) mann. Patients with arrhythmias or panic and anxiety attacks without clear causes must be examined for isolated FT3 toxicosis.
Key words: hyperthyroidism, toxicosis, arrhythmias, anxiety.
Lina Lasaite and Aleksandra Graziene*, Gintautas Kazanavicius
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (9), pp. 001-012, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and status of chronic non- communicable diseases and some related risk factors among Egyptian adolescents
Nebal Abdel Rahman Aboul Ella*, Dina Ibrahim Shehab and Mervat Ahmad Ismail
National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 25 July, 2017
Abstract
Obesity is a major threat to children's health today. The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing; over the past 25 years, the number of obese children has nearly tripled and is more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as type 2 diabetes high cholesterol or high blood pressure. Research objectives were to study the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Egypt from 2000 to 2008, to estimate the prevalence of glucose disorders, hypertension, lipid profile, and metabolic syndrome, and to investigate some related risk factors among 10 to 18 years old school adolescents. For assessing prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among adolescents, data from reports of other cross-sectional studies carried out by National Nutrition Institute (NNI) (2000 to 2005) and Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (2008) were compared. To estimate the prevalence of glucose disorders, hypertension, lipid profile, and metabolic syndrome, a randomized stratified cluster-sample of preparatory and secondary school students was used. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and referred to corresponding international reference values for age and sex. A fasting blood sample was drawn to assess lipid profile and fasting plasma insulin. Overweight and obesity are prevalent among Egyptian adolescents of both sexes, and at least, for girls, the prevalence has increased in the last few years. Pre-diabetic state was present among 16.4% of adolescents. The crude prevalence of hypertension is 1.4%. The overall proportion of adolescents with high total cholesterol is 6.0%; the proportion with high lower density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is 7.5%, with high triglycerides of 8.2%, and low higher density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 9.4%. We conclude that overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in young are serious in terms of morbidity and mortality, suggesting that they are an appropriate target for screening.
Key words: Prevalence, overweight and obesity, chronic non- communicable diseases, Egyptian adolescents.
Nebal Abdel Rahman Aboul Ella*, Dina Ibrahim Shehab and Mervat Ahmad Ismail
Page: 1 - 12
Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Indigofera pulchra extract on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats
Y. Tanko1*, M. A. Mabrouk3, A. B. Adelaiye1, M. Y. Fatihu2 and K. Y. Musa4
1Department of Human Physiology, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Vet Pathology and Microbiology, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
4Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug design, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria.
Accepted 24 January, 2017
Abstract
The current orthodox treatment modalities for diabetes mellitus have many drawbacks including undesirable side-effects and the high cost of long- term treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Indigofera pulchra extract in alloxan-induced diabetic. Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies of the two fractions of I. pulchra were carried out. A dose of 50 mg/kg of ethylacetate and 250 mg/kg n -butanol fractions of the extract was given intraperitoneally daily, for two weeks to the alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Insulin was also used as a standard anti- diabetic drug and was given intraperitoneally to alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. The fasting blood glucose levels were determined weekly for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were taken from all the groups for the determination of hematological parameters. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the two fractions I. pulchra extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. The LD50 was 775 and 2,154 mg/kg for ethylacetate and n- butanol fractions of the I. pulchra extract respectively. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels of the alloxan- induced diabetic groups after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment with ethylacetate fraction. As regard to the n-butanol, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels of the alloxan-induced diabetic groups after 2 weeks of treatment. Also, in relation to the erythrocyte indices, there was no significant change in the two fractions tested when compared to control. However, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the white blood cells, neutrophils and eosinophils counts treated with the two fractions after 2 week of treatment when compared with the control. In conclusion, both ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of I. pulchra extract were found to have potent anti-diabetic effects.
Key words: Blood glucose, diabetes mellitus, Indigofera pulchra, erythrocyte, leucocytes.
A. B. Adelaiye, M. Y. Fatihu and K. Y. Musa, Y. Tanko*, M. A. Mabrouk
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Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients at a rural tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Jimoh Ahmed Kayode1*, Adediran Olufemi Sola2, Agboola Segun Matthew3, Busari Olusegun Adesola4, Idowu Ademola5, Adeoye T. Adedeji6 and Adebisi Simeon Adelani7
1Consultant Chemical Pathologist Federal Medical Centre P. M. B. 201, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State
2Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Markurdi, Benue State Nigeria.
3Consultant Family Physician Federal Medical Centre P. M. B. 201, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
4Federal Medical Centre, P. M. B. 201, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
5Department of Chemical Pathology,Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
6Chemical Pathology University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital P. M. B. 1459, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
7Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital P. M. B. 1459, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 January, 2017
Abstract
Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterized by raised triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein, raised apo-B, and small dense low density lipoprotein particles. Because detection and treatment of dyslipidemia is one means of reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, determination of serum lipid levels in people with diabetes is now considered a standard of care. Lipid profile and fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 113 diabetic subjects were assessed. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the national cholesterol education programme – adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. BMI and waist and hip circumferences were measured. The mean total cholesterol (4.07 ± 1.3 vs 4.8 ± 0.8, p = 0.001), high density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) (1.26 ± 0.4 vs 1.45 ± 0.35, p = 0.047), low density lipoprotein C (LDL-C) (2.38 ± 1.1vs 2.93 ± 0.71, p = 0.005) were higher among the female subjects, while triglyceride was higher among the male subjects (1.23 ± 1.1 vs 0.82 ± 0.6, p = 0.068). Fifty-seven diabetic patients had at-least one lipid value or the other outside of the clinical target giving it a prevalence of 50.4%. The most frequent lipid combination was total cholesterol (TC) +HDLC. Among the male subjects, there was significant correlation between the Waist Circumference (WC) and TC (r = 0.560); WC and LDL-C (r = 0.612); WC and triglyceride (TG) (r = -0.386); Hip Circumferenc (HC) and TC (r = 0.595); HC and LDL-C (r=0.606); BMI and TC (r = 0.641); BMI and LDL-C (r = 0.653) and BMI and TG (r = -0.393). It is important to realise that hyperlipidaemia and the resultant macro vascular disease can develop even in the 'prediabetic phase' of type 2 DM. Hence, early detection and correction of dyslipidaemic state is essential in the management of diabetic patients.
Key words: Lipid, profile, diabetes, cholesterol, anthropometric indices.
Idowu Ademola, Agboola Segun Matthew, Adeoye T. Adedeji and Adebisi Simeon Adelani, Busari Olusegun Adesola, Adediran Olufemi Sola, Jimoh Ahmed Kayode*
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