ISSN 2756-3316
Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of insulin resistance in obese Cameroonian women
Yangoua Mafo Cecile Huguette, Azantsa Kingue Gabin Boris, Ntentié Françoise Raïssa, Ngondi Judith Laure and Oben Julius*
Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Accepted 04 February, 2017
Abstract
Several studies indicate that obesity is closely related to insulin resistance (IR). However, this relationship has not been adequately explored among Africans. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance among obese Cameroonian women using some indirect methods for assessment of insulin resistance. We also analysed the correlation between some indices of IR with Triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio. We examined 230 obese and overweight women. Anthropometric measurements were done for all individuals. Blood lipids parameters, glucose and insulin were assayed after a 10 h fast. The indices McA, HOMA, QUICKI, ISI, FI and FIGR were used to assess insulin resistance. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that HOMA and QUICKI had high sensitivity and specificity for measuring IR compared to other indices. The overall prevalence of IR was 53.9% by HOMA-IR and 55.7% by QUICKI. TG/HDL-C method detected lower number of patients with IR in our study group and was not related to the homeostatic indexes of insulin resistance HOMA and QUICKI. This study indicates that insulin resistance is present in about half proportions of overweight and obese Cameroonian women.
Key words: Insulin resistance, obesity, body mass index, HOMA, QUICKI.
Yangoua Mafo Cecile Huguette, Ngondi Judith Laure and Oben Julius*, Azantsa Kingue Gabin Boris, Ntentié Françoise Raïssa
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Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of the glycemic control of insulin and triple oral therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tri Murti Andayani1,2*, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim2 and Ahmad H Asdie3
1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
2Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains, Malaysia.
3Department of Endocrinology, Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Accepted 07 November, 2016
Abstract
To compare the glycemic control of triple oral therapy with sulfonylurea, metformin and acarbose with insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This was a prospective observational study, carried out in Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta Indonesia, from May 2007 - September 2008. The target population in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who failed with oral antidiabetic medications. At baseline and at 3 -month intervals, level of HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), hypoglycemic episodes, and adverse events were evaluated. Test for differences between the two groups were performed by Chi-Square test for categorical variables and by independent-samples t-test for continuous variables. Paired t-test was performed for pre-post measurements. All tests were performed using a two-tailed test at a significance level of 0.05. One hundred and fifthteen patients (58 men and 57 women), aged 62.35 ± 8.88, and diabetes duration of 12.53 ± 6.97 years were studied. Over the 6 - month treatment period, HbA1c levels decreased from 8.85 ± 2.02 to 8.33 ± 1.94% with insulin group (P = 0.011) and increased from 8.08 ± 1.89 to 8.73 ± 2.37% with triple oral therapy (P = 0.041). FPG and PPG levels decreased from 169.42 - 138.44 mg/dl (P = 0.002) and 238.26 - 197.97 mg/dl (P = 0.001) with insulin and increased from 160.39 - 170.71 mg/dl (P = 0.183) and 210.31 - 218.67 mg/dl (P = 0.458) with triple oral therapy, respectively. Addition of insulin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients on metformin/sulfonylurea achieved a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial plasma glucose versus those treated with sulfonylurea, metformin, and acarbose.
Key words: Insulin, triple oral therapy, glycemic effect, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Indonesia.
Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim and Ahmad H Asdie, Tri Murti Andayani*
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Case Report
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Case Report
Can mechanical thrombectomy replace angioplasty for the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)? Report of a case
Mehmet Cansel*, Julide Yağmur, Ferhat Eyyupkoca, Hakan Tasolar, Nusret Acıkgoz and Necip Ermis
Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
Accepted 16 July, 2016
Abstract
We are reporting the case of a 64-year-old woman with acute inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction with right ventricular infarction. She underwent primary angiography which revealed total occlusion of distal right coronary artery (RCA) by thrombus. Three runs of aspiration were performed and the thrombus was aspirated from RCA without additional ballooning or stenting. Postaspiration angiography revealed normal TIMI-3 flow down with the resolution of the thrombus and a residual noncritical trombus was seen also. She was started on glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa inhibitor tirofiban for 48 h. A new angiography performed on the 4th post-intervention day and TIMI-3 flow down was seen in RCA with complete disappearance of the residual thrombus.
Key words: Intracoronary thrombus, acute myocardial infarction, thrombus aspiration.
Mehmet Cansel*, Julide Yağmur, Ferhat Eyyupkoca, Nusret Acıkgoz and Necip Ermis, Hakan Tasolar
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Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
IN VITRO- and IN VIVO- experimental models for balanced activity of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in normal and malignant cells
Iskra Ventseslavova Sainova1*, Ilina Vavrek1, Velichka Pavlova1, Ivan Iliev1, Lilija Yossifova1, Elena Gardeva1, Elena Nikolova1, Teodora Daneva2, Roberto Nitsch3 and Anna Nitsch3
1Department of Experimental Morphology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
2Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
3Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) to Austrian Academy of Sciences, “Dr. Bohr” Street, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Accepted 17 October, 2016
Abstract
Gene transfer in laboratory-cultivated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) was made by appropriate recombinant DNA-constructs. Electrophorhetic profiles of genetic material from wild type (WT) on oncogene DCN1 and “knock-down” (KD) on it inbred lines of experimental mice differed not only on it, but also on the tumor-suppressor gene HACE1 between both categories of laboratory rodents. The results obtained were compared with previous data, received from malignant rat insulinoma RIN-5F cells, transfected by recombinant gene constructs with inserted copy of secretagogin gene, by their IN VITRO-co-cultivation with malignant cell precursors, derived from populations of non-transfected laboratory-cultivated mESCs in the presence of doxyciclin, probably by activation of tumor-suppressor genes of STAT-family. These data were confirmed by the differences noticed in the degree of myeloid differentiation of derived precursor cells in their IN VITRO-co-cultivation with containing additional copy of secretagogin gene Rin-5F malignant rat insulinoma cells, in comparison with the results, obtained in their laboratory co-cultivation with non-treated human cervical carcinoma Hela cells, as well as with derived normal mESCs, containing additional copy of the oncogene DCN1 as a result of their transfection with recombinant DNA-constructs. On the other hand, the derived normal cells with inserted additional copy of oncogene indicated safety, immunogenity, and they also indicated preserved normal cell characteristics.
Key words: Oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, myeloid cell precursors, recombinant gene constructs, cell transfection.
Iskra Ventseslavova Sainova*, Ilina Vavrek, Ivan Iliev, Teodora Daneva, Velichka Pavlova, Roberto Nitsch and Anna Nitsch, Elena Nikolova, Lilija Yossifova, Elena Gardeva
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Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
Bashir A. H. H.1,2*, Lamyaa A. M.2 and Al Hassan A. M.2
1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Al Jawda Medical Centre, University of Juba, P. O. Box 1347, Khartoum, Sudan.
2Khartoum College of Medical Science, Jabir AbuEliz Diabetic Centre, Sudan.
Accepted 23 March, 2016
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is defined as a clonal proliferation of Langerhans phenotypic-like cells. Letterer-Siwe disease is the most common and serious of these entities, affecting mainly infants up to two years of age. We report an interesting, previously misdiagnosed and relapsing case of adult skin limited to LCH in a 25 years old female patient presented with well defined erythematous, dry scaly plaques in the face, trunk and extremities for 10 years duration, and then remains stable over the time. The case is diagnosed and confirmed histopathologically, considered to be the second case of LCH and first case as adult Letterer Siwe been reported in Sudan.
Key words: Immunology, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphoid, Helicobacter pylori.
Bashir A. H. H.*, Lamyaa A. M. and Al Hassan A. M.
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Research Article
African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 4 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP) and its correlation with severity in early sepsis
Fernando Rogelio Espinosa López1, Abraham Emilio Reyes Jiménez1, Germán Carrasco Tobon1, Jesús Duarte Mote2*, and Octavio Novoa Farías1
1Internal Medicine Service Hospital Central Norte de Petróleos Mexicanos.
2Intensive Care Unit of General Hospital Nicolás San Juan. ISEM Toluca, Estado de México.
Accepted 17 February, 2016
Abstract
Sepsis is a common cause of death, and represents a potentially life threatening disorder. Biochemical markers useful to initiate early antimicrobial treatment are being studied. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C reactive protein (CRP) have been proposed as markers for this purpose. To establish the level of PCT and CRP in early sepsis and its correlation with the APACHE II scale, levels of PCT and CRP were taken from 39 patients with sepsis criteria. They were correlated with the severity scale of APACHE II. Cultures were taken prior to antimicrobial usage to corroborate the bacterial origin in patients who were admitted to the Internal Medicine Service of the North Central Hospital of Petróleos Mexicanos. Descriptive statistics were performed (mean and standard deviation for numerical values and percentages) for nominal values. Pearson correlation and relative risk tests were performed to determine correlations. 39 patients in total; 20 with positive cultures and 19 with negative; patients with positive cultures showed PCT levels above 0.5 ng/ml; negatives below this number. The mean for CRP was 128 mg/ml. Correlation of mortality/APACHE II r = 0.707 p = 0.01; PCT/APACHE II r = 0.523 p = 0.001. For cultures: CRP/culture r = 0.575 p = 0.0001, PCT/culture r =0.448 p = 0.004. Relative risk (RR): PCT > than 2 ng/dl and cultures RR= 4. The relative risk PCT >2 mg/dl and death RR= 3.3. Cultures and CRP>128 RR= 2.4; death and CRP > 128 mg/dl RR= 2. PCT and CRP values are useful markers to determine early gravity of an infectious illness; PCT is useful to demonstrate early form of bacterial processes.
Key words: Procalcitonin, C reactive protein, interleukin-1 B, tumoral necrosis factor, interleukin 6, Interleukin 1.
Abraham Emilio Reyes Jiménez, Fernando Rogelio Espinosa López, Jesús Duarte Mote*, and Octavio Novoa FarÃas, Germán Carrasco Tobon
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