African Journal of Medical Case Reports

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

The surgical and adjuvant therapy options for thyroid malignancies infiltrating great vessels of the neck: A review of the literature

Norman Oneil Machado

Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat/Oman. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: 00 968 24413851.

Accepted 16 September, 2022

Abstract

Appropriate surgical and adjuvant therapies for involvement of great vessels in thyroid malignancies have rarely been reported in literature. In this study, we aim to present our experience and provide a review literature of these devastating tumors that requires multidisciplinary intervention during the whole process of management. Among the 118 patients with thyroid malignancies that were presented to us, there were only 2 patients with infiltration of the internal jugular vein. One of these patients underwent segmental resection of internal jugular vein with total thyroidectomy while the other patient had extensive infiltration of internal jugular vein that an extensive radical metastatic lymph nodes resection was not feasible. A review of the English literature since 1930 revealed an additional 42 cases of internal jugular vein infiltration with or without neck and mediastinal vessel involvements. We have analyzed the surgical and adjuvant therapies that were carried out in all these patients and searched for the parameters including; type of surgical and adjuvant therapies, rate of survival, duration of survival (months), follow-up period and mortality. Twenty six of the 42 patients (62%) underwent internal jugular vein resection along with thyroidectomy; 13 patients (31%), thrombectomy of tumour thrombus and 7 (17%), reconstruction of the vessel after resection; 5 venous and 2 arterial. Survival among patients who did not undergo resection was for a mean period of 3.9 months and following resection was 26 months (range 4 months to 6 years). Aggressive resection may result in long term survival in some of these patients and may prolong life in others. Surgical approach to patients with thyroid malignancies infiltrating the great vessels may involve thrombectomy or may require resection of the vein and occasionally artery with or without reconstruction. Patients who underwent resection and adjuvant therapy were found to have better survival rate.

Key words: Thyroidectomy, internal jugular vein resection, neck vein obstruction, thyroid malignancy, running title- thyroid malignancy infiltrating jugular vein.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Experimental models for balanced activity of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in normal and malignant cells

Iskra Ventseslavova Sainova¹*, Ilina Vavrek¹, Velichka Pavlova¹, Ivan Iliev¹, Lilija Yossifova¹, Elena Gardeva¹, Elena Nikolova¹, Teodora Daneva², Roberto Nitsch³ and Anna Nitsch³

¹Department of Experimental Morphology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

²Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

³Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) to Austrian Academy of Sciences, “Dr. Bohr” Street, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Accepted 17 October, 2022

Abstract

Gene transfer in laboratory-cultivated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) was made by appropriate recombinant DNA-constructs. Electrophorhetic profiles of genetic material from wild type (WT) on oncogene DCN1 and “knock-down” (KD) on it inbred lines of experimental mice differed not only on it, but also on the tumor-suppressor gene HACE1 between both categories of laboratory rodents. The results obtained were compared with previous data, received from malignant rat insulinoma RIN-5F cells, transfected by recombinant gene constructs with inserted copy of secretagogin gene, by their IN VITRO-co-cultivation with malignant cell precursors, derived from populations of non-transfected laboratory-cultivated mESCs in the presence of doxyciclin, probably by activation of tumor-suppressor genes of STAT-family. These data were confirmed by the differences noticed in the degree of myeloid differentiation of derived precursor cells in their IN VITRO-co-cultivation with containing additional copy of secretagogin gene Rin-5F malignant rat insulinoma cells, in comparison with the results, obtained in their laboratory co-cultivation with non-treated human cervical carcinoma Hela cells, as well as with derived normal mESCs, containing additional copy of the oncogene DCN1 as a result of their transfection with recombinant DNA-constructs. On the other hand, the derived normal cells with inserted additional copy of oncogene indicated safety, immunogenity, and they also indicated preserved normal cell characteristics.

Key words: Oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, myeloid cell precursors, recombinant gene constructs, cell transfection.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Development of Thyroid Associated Eye Disease After Total Thyroidectomy for Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Nandi Shah¹, Omid Kohannim², Julie Bykowski³, Bobby Korn⁴ and Karen McCowen⁵

¹Stanford University, United States.

²University of California, San Diego, United States.

Accepted 16 March, 2022

Abstract

A 50-year-old woman with locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer was treated with total thyroidectomy, left neck dissection and radioactive iodine ablation. She presented with nodal neck metastases two years later and underwent a radical neck dissection with curative intent. Sixteen months after that, she developed new onset thyroid eye disease in association with elevated thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin. It is extremely rare to develop thyroid eye disease in an athyreotic patient. She has had no visible papillary thyroid cancer recurrence on anatomic imaging for the subsequent 24 months, however the appearance and persistence of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin remains a concern for thyroid cancer recurrence, and close follow up is indicated.

Keywords: Thyroid eye disease, Graves’ disease, papillary thyroid cancer, orbital fibroblasts.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characteristics of chelation therapy among beta-thalassemia patients in the North of Morocco

M. Agouzal^1*, A. Quyou¹, K. Benchekroune² and M. Khattab³

¹Biological essays laboratory, Kenitra, Morocco.

²Marketing department, Novartis Morocco.

³Onco-hematology Service, Children Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

Accepted 15 October, 2020

Abstract

The study aims to give a general idea about the experience of chelating drugs among beta-thalassemia patients in Morocco. It is a declarative survey. It was done in the therapy center of Morocco. Statistics were done in the laboratory of biological essays in Kenitra. All economic and pharmacological data were given by Novartis. Sample size was 108.78% of patients attending the service regularly take deferiprone as treatment while 8% of them combine deferiprone and deferoxamine. Most of the patients take treatments regularly. Chelators have reduced mortality. They have induced skin lightening for 26% of the patients in Rabat. Patients taking deferoxamine experienced injection site reactions. Most of adverse drug reactions (ADR) due to deferiprone were digestive. The main problem with chelators in Morocco is lack of accessibility to drugs, that’s why the therapy center of Rabat has worked hard in collaboration with an Italian project to resolve the problem.

Key words: Deferiprone, deferoxamine, prospective study, adverse effects, socio-economic level, behavior.