African Journal of Medical Case Reports

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Candiduria by Candida tropicalis evolves to fatal candidemia

Vidigal, Pedrina Gonçalves¹, Santos, Simone Aparecida², Maria Aparecida Fernandez², Patrícia de Souza Bonfim¹, Hilton Vizi Martinez³ and Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski¹*

¹Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil.

²Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil.

³Hospital Universitário de Maringá, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil.

Accepted 16 March, 2020

Abstract

Candida species are opportunistic pathogens that belong to the normal human microbiota. In the past decades, the incidence of nosocomial fungal diseases has increased, and Candida spp. is still one of the main causal agents. Urinary tract is usually involved with disseminated infections, but interpretation of yeast findings, from representative specimens of this anatomical site, remains controversial. We report a candiduria case in a 64-year-old male patient from intensive care unit (ICU) who developed candiduria due to Candida tropicalis, which complicated to fatal candidemia despite antifungal treatment.

Key words: Candida tropicalis, candiduria, candidemia.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports ISSN 2756-3316 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Primary non Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the orbit: A case report

Essadi¹ I, Tazi² EM, Allam² W, Sbitti¹ Y, Ichou¹ M and Errihani² H

¹Department of Medical Oncology, Military Hospital MOHAMMED V, Rabat, Morocco.

²Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.

Accepted 09 October, 2020

Abstract

Lymphoma is the most common malignancy of the orbit and the eyelids, accounting for 10% of malignant orbital tumors in adults. Orbital lymphomas can arise primarily in the orbit or represent a manifestation of disseminated disease. In this paper we report a case of early stage orbital lymphoma, which was managed successfully with chemotherapy, and a review of the related literature. A Moroccan Muslim woman aged 76 years, who presented a left orbital swelling. Ophthalmological examination complemented by CT has objectified orbital mass, whose biopsy was in favour of a non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) large cell B. The patient was classified as stage IE after a record expansion. She was managed successfully with 6 courses of Rituximab 375 mg/m², Cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m² d1, Doxorubicine 50 mg/m² d1, Vincristine 1.4 mg/m² d1, and prednisone 50 mg/m² d1-5 (R-CHOP) regimen, with complete response. This case highlights the important role of R-CHOP regimen for achieving successful treatment cure for patients having an early stage orbital lymphoma

Key words: Orbit, non hodgkin’s lymphoma, large cell, chemotherapy.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of anemia in school children

Neeraj Jain and Vibha Mangal Jain*

Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India.

Accepted 13 February, 2020

Abstract

The aim of this Cross sectional study was to assess the prevalence of anemia in school children. Two hundred school children within the ages of 5 to 16 years from Government School of Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India were subjected to relevant history, complete physical examination, hemoglobin estimation and general blood picture gastric bypass procedures (GBP). Anemia was seen in 56.5% cases. More menarcheal girls were anemic (36.5%). The most common blood picture was microcytic hypochromic, and this could be due to lack nutrient. In present study, lower socioeconomic classes, vegetarians and girls children were more anemic as compared to their opposite groups.

Key words: Anemia, Worm infestation, Iron deficiency.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A model of bidirectional regulation induced by a combination of one stimulatory and one inhibitory agent on gastric smooth muscle contraction

ZhiLi Xu^1,2, ZeYao Tang¹, DaPeng Chen¹ and Yuan Lin¹*

¹Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.

²Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.

Accepted 14 November, 2019

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed a model of counterbalance resulting from bidirectional regulation on gastric smooth muscle contraction in the absence of nervous and endocrine system control. To verify the propose, we suggested that a combination of one stimulatory and one inhibitory drug should produce bidirectional regulation on the contractility of gastric smooth muscle and myosin activity, depending on the contractile state of the gastric smooth muscle and myosin phosphorylation extent, regardless of the individual mechanism of drug action. We selected two stimulatory drugs, that is, hesperidin and emodin, and three inhibitory drugs, that is, berberine, synephrine, and quercetin, using them in stimulatory-inhibitory drug pair. Our assay supports the model we proposed. The common characteristics of these drug combinations demonstrate that inhibitory effect is observed when smooth muscle strip is present in a relatively high contractile state and myosin is fully phosphorylated, and that stimulatory effect is observed when smooth muscle strip is in a relatively low contractile state and myosin is partially phosphorylated. Regardless of the individual mechanism of drug action, the combination of one stimulatory and one inhibitory agent showed the characterization of counterbalance resulting from bidirectional regulation. This model implies the presence of counterbalance in cellular level maintained by bidirectional regulation in gastric smooth muscle, and the combination of one stimulatory and one inhibitory drug provides the information for the potential therapy of gastric smooth muscle contractility related disorders.

Key words: Bidirectional regulation, smooth muscle contractility, dynamic counterbalance, myosin, Mg²⁺-ATPase activity, phosphorylation.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibiogram and multidrug resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) associated with post operative wound infections in Basrah – Iraq

Ihsan Edan Abdulkareem AlSaimary

Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 16 April, 2020

Abstract

Fifty two clinical samples collected from patients with postoperative wound infections in various age groups were examined for presence of multidrugs resistant bacteria pathogens in especially Staphylococcus aureus. The majority of samples were for age between 31 to 40 year (32.69%) followed by other age groups, while the lowest samples were taken from age group 1 to 10 year (5.76%) P<0.05. One hundred and thirty one isolates were identify and the main causative agents was S. aureus (24 isolates 18.32%), while other bacterial types isolated from postoperative wounds were as follow: Escherichia coli 16 ( 12.21%) , Klebsiella spp. 11 ( 8.39%), Enterobacter cloaeca 8 (6.1%), Proteus spp. 7 (5.34%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 20 (15.26%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 11( 8.39%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 8 (6.1%), Staphylococcus xylosus 5 (3.81%), Viridance streptococci 10 (7.63%), Streptococcus pyogenes 7 ( 5.34%) and Enterococcus faecalis 4 (3.05%) P<0.01. Sixteen antibiotics were used to test the resistance of S. aureus. Penicillin G gave 100% resistance ratio for all of 24 tested isolates, while the highly affected antibiotic was cefotaxime that gave the lowest resistance percentage (16.66%), other antibiotics had ranges of resistance between these limits P<0.01 . S. aureus develop a resistance mode for at least eight antibiotics. The biggest percentage of resistance was for the resistance of four antibiotics (21.18%) P<0.01.

Key words: Staphylococcus aureus MDRSA, postoperative wound infections.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Extensive multifocal tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in a young child

Muhammad Hasibur Rahman¹* and Nazma Parvin Ansari²

¹Department of Dermatology and VD Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh.

²Department of Pathology of Dermatology and VD Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh.

Accepted 22 April, 2020

Abstract

Although there has been increasing number of tuberculosis cases throughout the world, but multifocal cutaneous tuberculosis accounts to be a very rare manifestation. An interesting study report inform us of one such case of multifocal tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in a 12-year old male child encountered with a typical presentation alike in the absence of any primary tuberculous focus and extensive involvement.

Key words: Multifocal, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TVC), young child.