African Journal of Medical Case Reports

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Cubital tunnel syndrome resulting from delayed intraneural hematoma of ulnar nerve

Yunqin Xu*, Yazhong Zhu, Shuiyun Feng and Zaiyue Liang

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 98th Hospital of PLA, HuZhou City, ZheJiang Province, China 313000, China.

Accepted 19 June, 2020

Abstract

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral compression neuropathy in adults. Close correlation between elbow trauma and cubital tunnel syndrome has been reported before. Factors causing cubital tunnel syndrome as a result of trauma may involve regional hemorrhages, edema, fibrosis, bone fracture, or displacement of bone fracture fragments into the cubital tunnel, causing narrowing of the tunnel. The pathogenesis due to delayed intraneural hematoma of ulnar nerve is extremely rare. In the present report we describe the first case of cubital tunnel syndrome due to delayed intraneural hematoma of ulnar nerve. A successful outcome may be expected if an appropriate surgical technique is chosen as early as more when worsening numbness or severe pain appears in the ring finger and little finger.

Key words: Cubital tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve, hematoma.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-003, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Adult Nigerian with untreated tetralogy of fallot: A case report

Uchenna D. I.*, Jesuorobo D. E. and Anyalaechi

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 April, 2020

Abstract

Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Unlike in the western world where adult TOF is a rarity, in the developing countries without cardiac surgical centers and inadequate medical treatment, patients die early, so adult untreated TOF is worth reporting. A 23 year old man presented with chest pains of 18 months, exertional dyspnea, palpitations and a history of squatting since childhood. Examination revealed central cyanosis, Grade 4 digital clubbing, with pansystolic and ejection systolic murmurs over tricuspid and pulmonary areas. However, chest radiograph, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiograms confirmed the tetralogy of fallot.

Key words: Adult, tetralogy of fallot, untreated, Nigerian.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Three physical markers of insulin resistance (body mass index, waist circumference and acanthosis nigricans): A cross-sectional study among children in south India

Vijayan A. P.*, Varma K. K., Meera Bhagyanathan, Dinesh K. B., Divia Nath K. R. and Bijayraj R.

Department of Pediatrics, Dermatology and Family Medicine, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India.

Accepted 12 June, 2020

Abstract

To study the sensitivity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) to recognize insulin resistance in children, A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in a semi-rural environment in the Kerala state of India. A total of 283 children between the ages of 10 to 17 were evaluated. The selected children underwent clinical evaluation which included measurement of height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure. Acanthosis nigricans was recorded as present or absent on close visual inspection of neck area. Fasting blood samples were collected to determine blood sugar, Insulin and lipids. Associations were summarized using cross-tabulations and analyzed using SPSS package, version 10.1. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 35%, which was estimated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Among the children studied, 30% had waist circumference above 75^th percentile and 18.7% had BMI above 85^th percentile. Acanthosis nigricans was diagnosed in 39.6% of the study population. Significantly high prevalence of insulin resistance was noticed among the children either with waist circumference exceeding 75^th percentile or with BMI more than 85^th percentile or the ones with Acanthosis Nigricans. The most sensitive physical marker of insulin resistance was acanthosis nigricans (90%) and the most specific was BMI (91%). The sensitivity of these parameters can be increased to 94% and negative predictive value to 96% by combining them together. Easily identifiable physical markers can effectively predict insulin resistance among children. This would be of relevance to many South Asian countries where resources are scarce, but the insulin resistance and the associated diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular morbidity are highly prevalent and is increasing exponentially. We should look into the possibilities of designing simple screening programs for early identification of at-risk children, which would be helpful in implementing strategies to reverse these metabolic changes at an early stage.

Key words: Risk factors, diabetes, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Non articular synovial sarcoma of the back, a hairy nevus: An uncommon association!

Arcot Rekha* and Ravi Annamalai

Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, India.

Accepted 19 May, 2020

Abstract

Giant hairy nevus is an uncommon malformation often associated with cutaneous malignancies. Synovial sarcomas are soft tissue sarcomas that occur in the lower limb. We present our case of synovial sarcoma of the posterior trunk, its association with a hairy nevus and review literature.

Key words: Synovial sarcoma, back, chromosomal translocation, hairy nevus.

African Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Studies on effects of aqueous Garcinia kola extract on the lateral geniculate body and rostral colliculus of adult Wistar rats

Olajide Olayemi Joseph* and Adeniyi Philip Adeyemi

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 April, 2020

Abstract

Study investigated the effects of Garcinia kola on the micro architecture of the rostral colliculus and lateral geniculate body of rats, and its effects on some enzymes were as well investigated. Sixteen F1 adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 195.5 g were randomly assigned into a control and an experimental group. Both groups consisted of eight animals each (4 males and 4 females). Aqueous extract of Garcinia kola was prepared and the stock solution was mixed with phosphate buffered saline. Each animal in the experimental group was administered 2.4 g/kg body weight/day of the extract for 21 days, while each of the animals in the control group were administered with equal volume of phosphate buffered saline for the same duration of time. Weight measurements were recorded on daily basis. After sacrifice, the tissues were excised and fixed in formolcalcium for routine histological examination (Hematoxylin and Eosin). Tissues for biochemical assay were homogenized in 0.25M sucrose to demonstrate the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Histological analysis showed normal cytoarchitecture of the tissues in the experimental group when compared with those in the control group, but there was a significant increase in the activities of LDH and G6PDH, suggesting that Garcinia kola increased carbohydrate metabolism and energy production through the Embden Meyerhoff’s pathway and hexose monophosphate shunt respectively in the tissues of interest. The effects were however not sex dependent.

Key words: Rostral colliculus, Garcinia kola, phosphate buffered saline, formolcalcium, Bouin’s fluid, lateral geniculate body.