ISSN 2756-3324
Research Article
African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the surgical unit of a university teaching hospital in north central Nigeria
A. T. Olayinka1*, B. O. Olayinka2 and B. A. Onile3
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
3Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
This study determined the susceptibility pattern and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 92 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from clinical samples comprising mainly urine (51.1%) and wounds (41.3%) obtained from the surgical units of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; over a 24-month period. The strains were susceptible to imipenem (94.6%), ciprofloxacin (90.2%), amikacin (89.1%) and ceftazidime (78.3%) but resistant to ofloxacin (82.6%), perfloxacin (58.7%) and gentamicin (35.8%). Analysis of the MAR index of isolates revealed that 60.9% had MAR index of 0.3 and above, which is an indication of probable origin from the hospital environment where antibiotics are extensively used. A strict management of antibiotic policies and a continuous surveillance programme for multidrug resistant pathogens like P. aeruginosa in specialised units is advocated.
Key words: Antibiotic resistance, plasmid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A. T. Olayinka*, B. O. Olayinka and B. A. Onile
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bone tumors at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia: Agreement between radiological and histopathological diagnoses, a -5-year analysis at Black-Lion Teaching Hospital
Bayush E. Negash1, Daniel Admasie1, Biruk L. Wamisho2* and Mihiret W. Tinsay3
1Radiology, Addis Ababa University, Medical Faculty (AAU-MF), Ethiopia.
2Orthopedic Surgery, AAU-MF, Orthopedic Department, Ethiopia.
3Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Accepted 17 March, 2019
Abstract
The study aims at looking into clinical, radiological and histopathological agreement in diagnosing bone tumors and elaborates the spectrum of bone tumors referred to Black-Lion Hospital, BLH. All bone tumor patients, who presented to all the three departments at BLH between the study periods of December 2003 – March 2008 were recruited. the radiological and histopathological diagnoses made were categorized separately using WHO classification of bone tumors. Strength of agreement was measured using Cohen’s Kappa test. From the total of 216 bone tumor patients presented and biopsied in the five year period, complete information could not be gathered only for 11 (5%) of the patients. Hence there were 111(51.3%) males and 94(48.7%) females with histopathological tissue diagnosis of the bone tumor. Male to female ratio was nearly 1. Commonest age range generally affected was 15-29 (7-55 years). Of the tumors histopathologically diagnosed, 36%( 74/205) of the tumors were malignant. The commonest primary malignant tumor from bone biopsy was osteosarcoma (52/182, 28.5%). It was also the single most common clinical, radiological and histological diagnosis made. Exostosis was second. Considering all bone tumors together, radiological diagnosis was confirmed by similar histological diagnosis in 172 out 205 cases (84%) and the corresponding Cohen©s kappa value (0.82) showed excellent agreement between radiological and histological diagnoses of all bone tumors. In set-ups where there is limited or no histopathological service, joint clinical and radiological decision could lead to a higher degree of accuracy in diagnosis of bone tumors.
Key words: Bone tumors, diagnostic agreement, radiological, orthopedic, histopathology.
Bayush E. Negash, Daniel Admasie, Biruk L. Wamisho* and Mihiret W. Tinsay
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Biochemical markers of bone metabolism after a 3-mo Zizyphus spina-christi supplementation on postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Hala M. Hussein1*, Adawy A. H.2, Haggag M. H. and EL-Shobaki F. A.1
1Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
2Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University and Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Egypt.
Accepted 13 January, 2019
Abstract
The use of dietary phyto-oestrogens as a possible option for the prevention of osteoporosis has raised considerable interest because of the increased concern about the risks associated with the use of hormone-replacement therapy. However, the evidence in support of a bone-sparing effect in post-menopausal women is still not sufficiently convincing. Most studies have been performed on soyabean isoflavones (genistein and daidzein). The purpose of this study is to evaluate Zizyphus spina-christi extract and compare to rutin in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This study was done on 46 patients suffering from osteoporosis. Patients were classified into three groups: Gp 1: patients were given orange juice in addition to calcium (1000 mg daily) and vitamin D (0.25 µg daily), Gp 2: patients were given orange juice fortified with rutin, a synthetic isoflavone (180 mg/d), in addition to a daily dose of Ca and vitamin D3 as in group 1, Gp 3: patients were given orange juice fortified with Z. spina-christi extract (50 mg/d), in addition to a daily dose of Ca and vitamin D3 as in group 1. These regimens continued for a period of 3 months and followed up weekly. The serum levels of calcium, osteocalcin (OC), urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-Dpd) and urinary creatinine were estimated for all patients before and after the intervention. There were a significant increase (p< 0.05) in the level of serum OC and a significant decrease (p< 0. 01) of U-Dpd of postmenopausal women in groups (2, 3) after three months follow-up. There was a highly significant positive correlation (p< 0.05) between serum OC and U-Dpd in postmenopausal women before intervention trials. The Ca/Cr ratio (p< 0.01) was significantly decreased in postmenopausal women after given rutin or ZSC extract, but the decrease in case of ZSC extract was higher relative to rutin. No significant change in the level of serum calcium was noticed as for the three routes of intervention. It was concluded that Z. spina- christi extract is a novel functional food ingredients which suggests that this product could potentially be used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis that may occur among women after menopause. Also, it is a more potent alternative with less oestrogen-related side effects for hormone replacement therapy in postmeno-pausal osteoporosis,
Key words: Rutin, Zizyphus spina-christi, bone markers, vitamin D, calcium, osteoporosis and postmenopausal women.
Hala M. Hussein*, Haggag M. H. and EL-Shobaki F. A, Adawy A. H
Page: 1 - 5
Case Report
African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-002, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Case Report
Unilateral cerebellar calcification with surrounding gliotic changes in a child
Amit Agrawal1*, Rafael Cincu2 and Brij R Singh1
1Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India.
2Department of Neurosurgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
Amit Agrawal*, Rafael Cincu and Brij R Singh
Page: 1 - 2
Research Article
African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 6 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) caused by Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa vs. other microorganisms at an adult clinical-surgical intensive care unit
Dayane Otero Rodrigues*, Renata Cristina Cezário, and Paulo P. Gontijo Filho
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Accepted 19 September, 2018
Abstract
This study aims at investigating whether the development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) episodes caused by Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and other bacilli) were related to different risk factors. A 1-year retrospective case-control study was conducted in surgical-clinical Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Inclusion criteria were VAP cases (n = 66) caused by MDR P. aeruginosa (Group P, n = 31) compared with those caused by other microorganisms (Group C, n = 35). Altogether, the VAP incidence rate of 21.11 per 1, 000 ventilation days was high and compatible with ICUs in developing countries. Most of VAP cases (92.4%) were identified as late-onset pneumonia with 5 early-onset cases associated with Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). In a logistic regression analysis, Group P was independently associated with four variables: presence of three or more invasive devices; use of three or more antibiotics; use of aminoglycosides; and absence of immunocompromise. Empirical antibiotic therapy was inadequate in 48.4% of the VAP cases caused by MDR P. aeruginosa with crude mortality rate (46.7%) higher than in those which patients received adequate antibiotics (18.7%). The findings to show that there were no outcome differences between the groups regarding critical care unit survival, but there were significant differences between pathogens groups regarding risk factors.
Key words: Nosocomial infection, risk factors, epidemiologic study.
Dayane Otero Rodrigues*, Renata Cristina Cezário, and Paulo P. Gontijo Filho
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In-vivo study of stratum corneum water content and transepideramal water loss using a newly formulated topical cream
*Barkat Ali Khan1*, Naveed Akhtar 1, Tariq Mahmood1, Haji M.Shoaib Khan1, Shahiq-Uz-Zaman1, Akhtar Rasul1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Atif Ali1, Salimullah Khan2 and Mughal Qayum3
1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
2Department of Pharmacy, Anbar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
3Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Accepted 07 June, 2018
Abstract
This study was purposed to determine the effects of newly formulated topical skin-care cream (w/o emulsion) of Hippophae rhmanoides versus its vehicle (Base) as control on stratum corneum (SC) water content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) . Concentrated H. rhamnoids (sea Buckthorn) fruit extract was entrapped in the inner aqueous phase w/o emulsion. Newly formulated and previously evaluated base (containing no active material) and a formulation (containing 1% concentrated extarct of H. rhmanoides) were applied. Both the base and formulation were applied to the cheeks of 21 healthy human volunteers for a period of 8 weeks. SC water content and TEWL were monitored every week to measure any effect produced by these topical creams. The vehicle (base) showed insignificant (p 0.05) effects whereas the formulation showed statistically significant (p 0.05) decrease in TEWL. SC water content was significantly (p 0.05) increased by the formulation. The newly formulated cream of H. rhmanoides fruit extract, applied is suitable for improvement and quantitative monitoring of skin hydration level (SC water content/ moisturising effects) and reducing TEWL in people with dry skin.
Key words: Sea Buckthorn, skin, Stratum corneum (SC), water content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
Salimullah Khan and Mughal Qayum, Akhtar Rasul, Atif Ali, Tariq Mahmood, *Barkat Ali Khan*, Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Iqbal, Shahiq-Uz-Zaman , Haji M.Shoaib Khan
Page: 1 - 6