African Journal of Medicine and Surgery

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 101-105 March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Factors involved the application of CPR for victims of cardiac arrest

Meles O. Marcus¹*, Berhanu Haile² and Mesfin Almensa Amha³

¹Department of Anesthesia, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.

²School of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

³Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

Email: [email protected]

Received 01 January, 2017; Accepted 1 February, 2017

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important medical procedure which is needed for individuals who face sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition and a leading cause of death among adults over the age of 40 years in the United States and other countries. Reports showed that about 1,000,000 people die of cardiac arrest every year in the United States and Europe. To assess knowledge, attitude and associated factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among anesthetists working in governmental and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa governmental and private hospitals from March to August, 2014. Simple random sampling was used and structured questionnaires on cardiopulmonary resuscitation which is adopted from American Heart Association were distributed. The questionnaire had 20 items related to anesthetists’ knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 8 items related to their attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anesthetists were divided on the base of their age, gender, experience, private and governmental hospitals, training they took previously and level of education. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data using SPSS version 20 and participants’ level of attitude was measured by using a Likert scale. Percentages were worked out and the results were interpreted. From a total of 150 anesthetist participants, 140 of them or 93.3% scored below 84%. Those participants who were trained by CPR specialists, trained very recently, have higher degree and higher experience scored higher than their counter parts in items of level of knowledge. The level of knowledge on cardiopulmonary resuscitation among anesthetists working in Addis Ababa governmental and private hospitals was found to be poor (93.3%) according to 84% American Heart Association reference for CPR certification.

Key words: Anesthetists, attitude, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, knowledge.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 118-124, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Incidence of sigmoid volvulus in Northern Uganda: An observational study

Richard Wismayer

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.

Email: [email protected]

Accepted 17 March, 2017

Abstract

Sigmoid volvulus (SV) has a considerable geographical variation in its incidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of SV in Northern Uganda. A two year retrospective and one year prospective study in 19 hospitals in Northern Uganda from January 2010 to December 2012 was conducted to determine the incidence of sigmoid volvulus. All patients’ records with a diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus were included in the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the IRB Gulu University and Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCS&T). Data analysis was conducted using STATA/IC version 12.1. The incidence of SV in Northern Uganda was 251.8 per 100,000 surgical population in 2 years. Cases were least observed from May to November and most cases were seen in the dry season from December to April. The incidence of SV in Northern Uganda was 251.8 per 100,000 surgical population in 2 years. The proportion of bowel obstructions due to sigmoid volvulus in Northern Uganda was 23.4% and similarly comparable with the proportion found in other African countries and higher than those in developed countries.

Keywords: Sigmoid volvulus, incidence.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 095-100, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morphology and anatomical variations of ethmoidal sinus in adult Nigerians

Oghenero H. Gabriel¹*, Oniovo Kenneth¹, Olotu Bright¹ and Sagbodje D. E²

¹Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

²Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

Email: [email protected]

Received 12 January, 2017;Accepted 20 January, 2017

Abstract

We undertook this study to describe the morphology and anatomical variations of ethmoidal sinus in adult Nigerians using computerized tomographic scan, bearing in mind the significance of this sinus in inflammatory pathologies of the other paranasal sinuses and endoscopic sinus surgery. This was a descriptive study of computerized tomographic scans of the paranasal sinuses of 114 subjects constituting 228 ethmoids. All the slides were examined to identify the ethmoidal sinuses and the various anatomical variations. The dimensions of the ethmoids were also measured. There were 83 (72.8%) males in this study. The mean age was 45.6 ± 19.3 years. The means of the length, anterior width, posterior width and height of the ethmoid were 41.4, 11.8, 16.7 and 30.1 mm, respectively. Keros Type III olfactory fossa was found in 163 sides (71.5%). Agger nasi cell was the commonest variation present in 102 sides (44.7%) . The most frequent pattern of attachment of uncinate process seen is to the lamina papyracea (191, 32%). We concluded that the dimensions of the ethmoids among the Nigerians studied are similar to findings in other studies. The predominant type of olfactory fossa depth and pattern of insertions of uncinate process suggest that the study population may be at higher risk of certain complications during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Key words: Anatomical variations, olfactory fossa, Nigerians.

Review 

Protein quality control (PQC) senses and repairs

Olatundje E. Frank

Department of Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email: [email protected]

Received 10 December, 2016: Accepted 01 January, 2017

Abstract

Protein quality control (PQC) senses and repairs misfolded and or unfolded proteins. However, if the repair fails, it degrades the terminally misfolded polypeptides through an intricate collaboration between molecular chaperones and targeted proteolysis. Proteolysis of damaged proteins is performed primarily by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Macroautophagy (commonly known as autophagy) may also play a role in PQC-associated proteolysis, especially when UPS function becomes ineffective. The development of a range of heart diseases, including bona fide cardiac proteinopathies and various forms of cardiac dysfunction has been linked to proteasome functional insufficiency (PFI). Proteasome functional insufficiency and activation of autophagy have been observed in the heart of mouse models of cardiac proteinopathy. Recent studies demonstrated that pharmacologically induced proteasome inhibition is sufficient to activate autophagy in cardiomyocytes in both intact animals and cell cultures. This had unveiled a potential cross-talk between the two major degradation pathways in cardiac PQC.

Key words: Proteasome, autophagy, cardiomyocytes.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 3 (6), pp. 085-089, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Concomitant occurrences of tuberculosis and hyperglycemia in HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria

Ebenezier H. Ken¹, Umez Chuks², Oduaha F. Kingsley¹* and Ichipi Rowland¹

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria.

²Department of Medical Microbiology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria.

E-mail:[email protected]

Accepted 22 May, 2016

Absract

The present study was aimed at establishing the prevalence of concomitant occurrences of tuberculosis and hyperglycemia in HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Tuberculosis and Diabetes mellitus are individually one of the top ten causes of mortality all over the world. Two hundred HIV/AIDS patients were selected randomly from the HIV clinic in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined using glucose oxidase method. Patients had their sputum samples screened for three consecutive times for the presence of tubercle bacilli using the Ziehl Nelson staining technique. Fifty non-HIV/AIDS subjects served as a matched control (25 males and 25 females). Of the 200 patients screened, 93 (46.5%) were males and 107 (53.5%) were females. Twelve (6%) patients had hyperglycemia, and 75 (37.5%) patients had tuberculosis. Amongst patients concomitantly affected by hyperglycemia and tuberculosis, persons between 41-50 years and 20-30 years had the highest and lowest prevalence respectively. Gender prevalence was not significantly different. Simultaneous occurrences of hyperglycemia and TB in the HIV/AIDS patients was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The duration of administration of antiretroviral had no significant effect on the fasting blood glucose levels of HIV/AIDS patients but had a significant effect on the prevalence of TB in these patients.

Key words: Diabetes, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS patients, concomitant prevalence.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 079-084, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

Intravenous administration of ciprofloxacin alongside levofloxacin in patients with complicated typhoid fever

Susilo Ali Alatas¹*, Nicholas Wahid², Pevita Kalla³, Ahmadun Herfanda⁴, Aburizal Hidayat¹, Jusuf Pearce², Afgansyah Aburizal⁵, Taufik Bakrie⁵, Christine Alexander ⁶ and A. Syahputra⁶

¹Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia.

²University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

³University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

⁴University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

⁵University of Brawidjaya, Malang, Indonesia.

⁶University of Hasanudin, Makasar, Indonesia.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 7 April, 2016

Abstract

In this study, 137 patients treated for complicated typhoid fever were randomized to either intravenous levofloxacin 500 mg once daily (OD), which then switched to sequential oral 500 mg levofloxacin, or intravenous ciprofloxacin 400 mg twice daily (BID), which then switched to oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID in the same course of 10 days. Resolution of fever occurred on the average after 3.47 days of treatment in the levofloxacin group and 4.08 days of treatment in the ciprofloxacin group. A significant difference was obtained between the two groups. In both groups, there were cases of clinical relapse after typhoid fever treatment; one case (2%) in the levofloxacin group and three cases (4%) in the ciprofloxacin group. During treatment, one or more adverse events were reported in 8 out of 69 (11.6%) patients in the levofloxacin group as compared to 21 out of 68 (30.1%) patients in the ciprofloxacin group. Post treatment stool examination detected no carrier state in both groups of study. Compared to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin 500 mg daily, administered intravenously which then switched orally, for complicated typhoid fever, showed better clinical as well as laboratory outcomes and less occurrence of adverse reactions.

Key words: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, complicated typhoid fever.