African Journal of Medicine and Surgery

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 2756-3324 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Epidemiology and aetiology of fractures treated in four hospitals in the South West Region of Cameroon: A 5 year review

Nana C. Theophile¹^,³, Fokam Pius¹, Mokake N. Martin¹, Ngouateu Chrysal¹, Ndasi Henry², Palle J. Ngunde², Chichom-Mefire A.¹

¹Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon

²Baptist Hospital Mutengene

³Corresponding author: Nana C. Theophile, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea.

Accepted 20 October, 2020

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Injury is the leading cause of death in low‑and middle‑income countries among people between the age of 5 and 45 years. Road traffic injuries in Cameroon have increased since the introduction of motorcycles for commercial transportation. Our aim is to establish the epidemiological profile of fractures treated in the South West Region of Cameroon. Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective analysis of files of patients managed with fractures from January 2013 to December 2017 in South West of Cameroon. Results: A total of 1267 patients had a fracture (57.3% of surgical emergencies). There were 905 males and 362 females (sex ratio of 2.5:1). The ages ranged from 02 to 94 years (mean: 36.99±17.73 years). The most affected were between 20-40 years. Farmers were the most affected. The most common cause of fracture was road traffic crash. The main causes of injury involved motorcycle collisions. Fractures of the lower limbs accounted for 65.32%. Operative treatment was done in 84.21% of fractures. Conclusion:  Fractures make up a majority of surgical emergencies. Young male adults are the most affected. Road traffic crash involving motorcycles was the main mechanism of injury.

Key words: Fractures, Epidemiology, Aetiology, Treatment, Cameroon. 

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 2756-3324 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-016, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Securing electronic medical records transmissions over unsecured communications: An overview for better medical governance

Hamdan O. Alanazi^1,4, Hamid A. Jalab¹, Gazi Mahabubul Alam³*, B. B. Zaidan² and A. A. Zaidan²

¹Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

³Department of Educational Management, Planning and Policy, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

⁴Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 07 July, 2020

Abstract

Nowadays, health care is one of the most important subjects in life. In USA, 100 billion dollars will be spent on it in the next 10 years, according to experts. The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care, such as hospital and doctors’ surgery. In the age of technology, one of the most important factors for EMR is that it secures the records for the patients, protects their rights and is responsible for the disclosure of their data. An overview of this study has presented the importance of the privacy of the EMR and the patients’ rights. In addition, cryptography algorithms and security requirements have been discussed and the paper has also discussed different architecture, designs and systems that have been reported in the literature. In a nutshell, most of these systems are poor in terms of achieving the security requirements, while on the other side, most of the systems have not discussed the patients’ rights and how the system can detect the persons who broadcast these records.

Key words: Electronic medical record, information security, data privacy, rights of patient and cryptography algorithms.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 2756-3324 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Acute brain swelling due to remote epidural hematoma during lateral ventricle tumor resection

Lunshan Xu, Minhui Xu*, Yongwen Zou, Guangxin Chen and Hong Liang

Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Surgery Research; Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400042, China.

Accepted 11 August, 2020

Abstract

We report a very rare case of epidural hematoma, which occurred in the right hemisphere during a left lateral ventricle tumor resection. A 37-year-old female patient underwent elective surgery for removal of a lateral ventricle meningioma. Intraoperatively, the patient suffered from acute brain swelling close half an hour after tumor removal. Numerous measures were taken to reduce the brain swelling. A remote epidural hematoma was confirmed by a CT scan. Complete excision of the tumor was achieved after removal of the epidural hematoma. The management of the case was discussed in this paper.

Key words: Brain swelling, epidural hematoma, lateral ventricle tumor resection.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 2756-3324 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Analysis of factors influencing the efficacy of percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

Lunshan Xu and Minhui Xu*

Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.

Accepted 23 August, 2020

Abstract

Our study analyzed the factors influencing the efficacy of percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Eleven contributing factors influencing the efficacy of percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy were identified by logistic regression analysis. Among 210 patients receiving percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy, 67 underwent two procedures and 16 underwent three. Complete pain relief was achieved in 92.4% of patients. The presence of trigger point and painless in the procaine test were the predictors of complete pain relief. Painless in the procaine test is essential to achieve complete pain relief for patients with definite trigger points. Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective therapeutic strategy for trigeminal neuralgia patients. There are no adverse events or only few complications after surgery. A second injection may be effective for recurrent patients and those unresponsive to initial treatment.

Key words: Trigeminal neuralgia, percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy, logistic regression analysis.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 2756-3324 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Incidental finding of Mycoplasmas in developmental dysplasia of the hip and hip dislocation

Antonio Redon-Tavera¹*, Hilda Villegas-Castrejón², D. Oscar Isunza-Alonso³, Antonio Rivera-Tapia⁴ and Saúl R. León Hernández⁵

¹Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México. Avenida México-Xochimilco No. 239. Colonia Arenal de Guadalupe. México D. F., (Mexico City). P.C. 12389.

²Department Electron Microscopy Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México. Avenida México-Xochimilco No. 239. Colonia Arenal de Guadalupe. México D. F., (Mexico City). P. C. 12389.

³Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hospital Germán Díaz-Lombardo. Carmen 18, Colonia Chimalistac. Alvaro Obregón. México D.F. P. C. 01070.

⁴Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edificio 103-J. Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. P. C. 72570, México.

⁵Division of Investigation, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México, Avenida México-Xochimilco No. 239. Colonia Arenal de Guadalupe. México D. F., (Mexico City). P. C. 12389.

Accepted 10 May, 2020

Abstract

A non-controlled prospective trial was carried out to investigate ultrastructure of acetabular roof and joint capsule by electron microscopy in dislocated developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDC). Nineteen randomly selected babies aged 18 months to 8 years and ten months, were operated on by a medial approach for open hip reduction between January and July 2006, obtaining biopsies at surgery. No healthy hips were opened just for harvesting biopsies. Surprisingly Mycoplasma corpuscles were found in 15 out of the 19 patients (78%, p = 0.019 binominal distribution test). Corpuscles appeared in 3 cases in roof and capsule, in 5 only in cartilage and in 7 only in capsule. Four out of 5 children aged 18 - 22 months (80%) had Mycoplasma in cartilage, as well as in 4 out of those 14 (28.6%) older than 22 months. Three out of 5 under 22 months (60%) had Mycoplasma in joint capsule: 40% in cartilage and capsule and 20% only in capsule. In those greater than 22 months only 7.2% had Mycoplasma at both levels and 42.8% only in the joint capsule. Mycoplasma had a tendency to decrease as patients grew-up in age. It is proposed that Mycoplasma in acetabulum could contribute to impair its full ossification in DDC since it would compete for cartilage nutrients, thus producing deterioration of chondral cells and matrix, and a difficult acetabular physis advancement inside the chondral acetabulum. Also a decreased capsule tensile strength could result in slacking capsule and joint dislocation.

Word keys: Congenital, developmental, hip dysplasia, mycoplasma.

African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 2756-3324 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Parameters of immune and antioxidative systems can be considered as surgical stress markers for gastric cancer patients

Milasiene Vida¹, Surinenaite Birute¹*, Prasmickiene Grazina¹, Didziapetriene Janina^1,3 and Stratilatovas Eugenijus²

¹Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Scientific Research Center, Baublio Str 3B LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.

²Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Clinic of Surgery, Santariskiu Str., 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.

³Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.

Accepted 05 May, 2020

Abstract

Cytokines, haematological indices, lipid peroxidation product and antioxidative system parameters were investigated for surgically treated and red blood cells transfused stages 3 and 4 gastric cancer patients. Serum of 58 patients was analysed at pre-surgical and post-surgical periods (after 7 and 14 days). TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha were tested by ELISA. Haematological indices were analyzed by standard methods. Malondialdehyde level and antioxidative system parameters were analysed by specified methods spectrophotometrically. Level of TGF-beta1 increased and lymphocyte index decreased after surgery and the transfusion for both stages cancer patients. Level of malondialdehyde decreased at early post-surgical period for non-transfused both stages cancer patients while the parameter decreased only at late post-surgical period for transfused patients. Total glutathione concentration decreased during post-surgical period only for transfused stage 3 cancer patients. Pearson correlations were determined between cytokine and malondialdehyde levels and between cytokine levels and activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferase at early post-surgical period. Decreased lymphocyte count, increased TGF-beta1 level and lower total glutathione concentration after surgery were related to red blood cells transfusion. Malondialdehyde level was not significantly influenced by gastric cancer stage while it was also affected by the transfusion. All altered parameters mentioned showed the additional transfusion-dependant stress to develop surgical stress. The parameters can be considered as possible surgical stress markers.

Key words: Cytokines, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative system, surgical treatment, RBC transfusion.