African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-003, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Comparison of hospital stay duration following total abdominal hysterectomy for benign disorders in private and general hospitals in Northern Iran

Nader Esmailpour Fariba Mirblook, Fatemeh Salamat Mitra Ahmad Soltani*

Guilan University of Medical Sciences Research Vice Chancellorship, Rasht, Iran.

Accepted 12 July, 2019

Abstract

The objective of this study is to present the current data on hospital stay duration after hysterectomy for benign disorders and to compare this data in private with general hospitals in Rasht, Northen Iran. This is a cross-sectional study of all admissions for abdominal hysterectomies for benign conditions in general and private hospitals in Rasht during a six month-period. Fisher exact and paired t-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons. Out of 861 patients, 521 were from general and 340 from private hospitals. The mean duration of total hospital stay in the private setting was significantly shorter than that of the general hospitals (P < 0.05). The postoperative complications after discharge were not significantly different across the groups. It might be rational to reduce the duration of hospital stays to the level of private setting in the study region, since this seems not to cause any increase in post-hysterectomy morbidity.

Key words: Total abdominal hysterectomy, hospital stay duration, private and general hospital.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-009, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Patterns of electroencephalography (EEG) change against stress through noise and memorization test

Kwang Shin Park¹*, Hyun Choi¹, Kuem Ju Lee¹ Jae Yun Lee¹, Kwang Ok An¹, Eun Ju Kim²

¹The National Rehabilitation Center Research Institute, Korea.

²The National Rehabilitation Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, 142-884.

Accepted 09 April, 2019

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the appearance of brainwaves due to mental stress caused by memory recall and mental calculation, and physical stress caused by noises. We obtained Electroencephalography (EEG) data from 34 healthy subjects while they were at memory test interrupted by noises. Noise was accompanied by instability as it significantly decreased the relative power of the alpha wave of the left parietal lobe as compared to the rest state. In the word or picture memory recall, judging from the significant facts at the occipital and parietal lobes, the relative power of the alpha wave was more decreased, while the relative power of the theta wave was more increased at the occipital and parietal lobes; more so, the relative power of theta was more increased and the relative power of alpha was more decreased when solving the problems than when the problems were given only. Memorizing the process of words and pictures could also be considered as a stress factor like noises. When carrying out the mental calculation, the significant decrease of the relative power of the alpha wave at the occipital and parietal lobes showed instability during problem solving when compared to the rest state. This implies that mental calculation can also be considered as a stress factor. From the point that right-biased alpha wave was analyzed as significantly high in noises that are sometimes generated during the mental calculating process, it is possible to consider asymmetrical interpretation. As a result, noises (a physical stress factor) and memory recall (a mental stress factor) showed reduction of relative power of Alpha wave in the parietal and occipital lobes, and in case of the mental stress factor, even an increase of the relative power of theta wave was observed. Therefore, the appearance of brainwaves due to stresses is used as data to investigate mental activities.

Key words: Stress, noise, memory, electroencephalogram, power.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

L-arginine treatment alters the pattern of rat maternal aggressive response toward an intruder entering the homing cage

Esther Pérez-Torrero¹*, Margarita I. Hernández-Urbiola², Anaid Cadena-Estrada³, and Carlos I. Silva-Barrón³

¹División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro, Qro, México.

²Posgrado en Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro, México, CP 76230.

³Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla Querétaro, Qro, México, CP 76230.

Accepted 11 July, 2019

Abstract

Maternal aggression toward intruders is temporarily expressed during lactation in association with the rearing and protection of offspring to promote their survival and growth. This normal component of maternal behaviour that requires both the hormonal changes occur at the end of pregnancy and due to the presence of newborn for its establishment analyzed in Wistar rats. The effects of nitric oxide (NO) by L-arginine (L-arg) was analyzed when administered on days 1, 4, and 8 postpartum in order to observe the maternal aggressive response to an intruder. Data collected indicated that L-arg treated dams exhibited a significant increase of the frequency of biting on postpartum days 1 and 8. In contrast, findings also showed reductions of the frequency of sniffing on day 1. Both frontal and lateral attacks also showed significant decreases attributable to L-arg treatment. These findings suggest that the role of NO during the lactating period may be relevant for the survival and long-term behavioral development of the progeny due to the fact that it has been demonstrated that several neurotransmitters are closely regulated by NO. Therefore, this is interesting in the development of antidepressant drugs for possible human applications.

Key words: Aggressive behavior, lactating period, rats, L-arginine treatment, postpartum.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full length Research paper

A clinical-controlled trial compared carom caraway (black cumin, Niggella sativa) and metoclopramide in functional dyspepsia

A. Fani¹*, I. Fani¹, P. Fani¹, B. Alizade¹, M. Rafei¹ and A. A. Malekirad²

¹Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.

²Payame Noor University, Iran.

Accepted 09 March, 2019

Abstract

The treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia remains unsatisfactory. We assessed the efficacy of carom caraway (black cumin) in comparison with metoclopramide, in patients with functional dyspepsia. Outpatients who were considered functional dyspepsia (Rom II criteria) were eligible for the trial. Dyspeptic symptoms had to be present for at least 12 weeks within the preceding 12 months, without any identifiable structural disease and GERD on endoscopy. The Helicobacter pylori infection had been ruled out by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) antibody and urea breath test (UBT). Patients were randomly separated into two groups with block design. The study medication was packaged identically. We used 10 grades visual analog scale to assess the severity of dyspeptic symptoms before and after a two-week treatment. We used SPSS 13 software for analyzing the data, estimated odds ratio and its 95% CI, the P value (<0.05) were statistically estimated significant. 160 eligible patients were recruited, 80 in each group, 36 (45%) males in cumin and 33 (41.25%) males in metoclopramide group respectively. the mean age in the cumin group was 38.56 (SD=13.65) and in metoclopramide group, it was 36.41 (SD=12.15). The visual analog scale assessment of symptoms in pre and post treatment is shown in given. Dyspeptic symptoms in two groups after dichotomous variable changes were compared. We conclude that carom caraway has effects of similar magnitude on metoclopramide to control the symptoms of functional dyspepsia, and encourages safety profiles.

Key words: Functional dyspepsia, Nigella sativa, carom caraway, black cumin, metoclopramide.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Pharmacogenomics: Benefits of personalized medicines

Avinash Puri

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 16 February, 2019

Abstract

Pharmacogenomics is a science that examines the inherited variations in genes that dictate drug response and explores the ways these variations can be used to predict whether a patient will have a good, bad, or no response at all to a drug. It refers to the general study of all of the many different genes that determine drug behavior. It could also guide companies in designing clinical trials that would more definitively prove drug efficacy, in turn decreasing the time, costs, and risks of drug development. In the clinical setting, pharmacogenomics will help physicians to better define the long-term health risks that patients face, diagnose the stage of patient’s diseases more precisely and predict patients’ responsiveness to specific drugs more accurately or the likelihood for adverse events.

Key words: Pharmacogenomics, biomarkers, gene variations.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-012, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Awareness of breast cancer and practice of breast self examination among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in selected health centres, Benin City, Edo State

*Ehwarieme  T.A¹, Amiegheme F.E², Unigwe J.K³ and Ugwueze J.O⁴

¹Department of Nursing Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State.

²Department of Nursing Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State.

³Continue Education and research Unit, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Utuku-Ozala, Enugu, Enugu State.

⁴Department of Nursing Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State.

Accepted 18 July, 2019

Abstract

Worldwide, breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth cause of cancer-related mortality. This study was conducted to assess the level of awareness of breast cancer and practice of breast self examination among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in some selected health centres in Benin City, Edo state. A descriptive cross sectional survey design was adopted. Pregnant women were recruited using convenient sampling technique. The research instrument used was questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Result shows that 133 (61.3%) had good awareness and 84 (38.7%) had poor awareness of breast cancer. 101 (46.5%) exhibited poor awareness of breast self-examination, while only 56 (25.8%) had good awareness of breast self-examination. 183 (84.3%) exhibited poor practice of breast self-examination. Perceived hindrance to practice of breast self-examination were lack of time (3.20±1.115), Negligence (3.12±1.025), lack of breast cancer symptom (3.28±0.966) and fear of the unknown (3.22±0.956). A statistically significant relationship (p<0.001) between awareness of breast cancer and awareness of breast self-examination was found. Marital status of the respondents showed a statistically significant relationship (p<0.000, OR = -0.230, CI 95% = -0.343 – -0.117) and education of the respondents showed a statistically significant association (p<0.000, OR = 0.135, CI 95% = 0.064 – 0.205). Regular health education for pregnant women especially during their antennal clinic should be intensified to increase the practice of breast self examination.

Key words: Breast cancer, awareness, practice, self examination, hindrance.