ISSN 2756-3332
Research Article
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 471-474, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Papers
A comparative study of the effect of physiological pushing versus directed pushing on the duration of the second stage of labor, mode of birth and Apgar score
*Sadegh Araghchi, Mohsen Rezaee and R. Z. Farhadi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Payame Noor University, Iran.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 13 August, 2015
Abstract
In recent year, there has been an increased trend to the physiological approach to labor. Physiological (spontaneous) pushing in upright position is one of the practices that promote the normal physiological process. Effect of physiological pushing versus directed pushing on the duration of the second stage of labor, mode of birth and Apgar. A randomized controlled trial was completed on 191 women who gave birth at a maternity unit in Iran between August and December 2009. Randomization occurred upon confirmation of full dilatation of the cervix with using block randomization. In the intervention group (n = 100), with full dilatation of the cervix and a fetal head plus 1, the midwives providing care suggested they commenced pushing in upright position only when they felt the urge to do so and gave no specific instructions about the timing and duration of pushing. In the control group (n = 91), women were coached by the midwife to use closed-glottis pushing three to four times in supine position during each contraction immediately as the same period. Mean duration of the second stage of labor in the primiparous women was 47.38±36.75 and 57.12±33.10 min in the intervention and control groups, respectively; the difference was significant (p < 0.0001). In the multiparous, women in the second stage of labor lasted for 26.12±23.43 and 33.20±22.76 min in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which was significantly different (p < 0.0001). One woman in the control group and 2 mother in the intervention group undertook cesarean surgery (p = 1). Apgar scores were similar in both groups. Physiological pushing was not associated with demonstrable adverse outcome. It seems that this technique can reduce the duration of the second stage of labor and it can be a safe method during the second stage of labor without any harm for mother and baby.
Key words: Spontaneous pushing, directed pushing, valsalva, second stage of labor.
Mohsen Rezaee and R. Z. Farhadi, *Sadegh Araghchi
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1073Research Article
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 171-176, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on men’s attitude and awareness of gender-based violence against women in Amarata community, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
*Ajanuwa E. G, Ezemelu Davison and Leonard R. Theophilus
Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Health Technology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria. Email: [email protected]
Accepted 23 April, 2015
Abstract
Men have been long known to be aggressive against their women folks in many African societies. In many cases they do so to demonstrate their superior masculinity which results to physical attack, abuse, neglect and relegation of their women to the background and only appreciated as an object for sex. Thus this study seeks to determine men’s attitude and knowledge towards gender based violence against women in the study area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This descriptive survey study adopted a multi- stage sampling technique in the selection of 200 men aged 25-55 years from an estimate of 1000 men that resides in the 7 compounds that participated in Amarata community, Yenagoa. With a structured questionnaire, the data gathered were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Results reveal that men in Amarata community encourage and practice gender based violence against their women. Thus, this study suggests a need for vigilance and education and desperate effort to prevent and put a stop to its continuity.
Keywords: Attitude, Gender based Violence, Knowledge, Women, Men, Bayelsa State.
Ezemelu Davison and Leonard R. Theophilus, *Ajanuwa E. G
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1032Research Article
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 465-470, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Papers
An evaluation of validity and reliability of the NHP for menopausal women in the Nottingham health profile of the Turkish society
*1Çağatay Dink, Deniz Ben-Zvi1 and Yitzhak Gezmiş2
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetric Nursing, Health Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 26 August, 2015
Abstract
The Nottingham health profile (NHP) is a measurement of 38 items that was designed for measuring quality of life. The present study was conducted in order to determine evaluation of validity and reliability of the NHP for menopausal women. Ninety one (91) women who were menopausal were included in the sample of the study. The comparison of total scores of NHP and the (Medical Outcomes Study) MOS 36 item short form Health survey - SF 36 was made to determine the accuracy of the NHP. The evaluation was carried out using test-retest-reliability analysis, and correlation analysis. The correlation between NHP and SF- 36 was as follows: the sensitivity was 78% and selectivity was 76%. The coefficient of test-retest-correlation of the measurement was 0.97.The NHP was found to be an above-average measurement for menopausal women. Results of the study showed that all the statements, subcategories and total scores and the Pearson Moment Multiplication Correlation Coefficient were satisfying.
Key words: Menopause, quality of life, Nottingham health profile.
*Çağatay Dink, Deniz Ben-Zvi and Yitzhak Gezmiş
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1030Research Article
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 243-247, July, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An exploration of the home environment for the support system available for the HIV positive women on the PMTCT program: A qualitative study
*Calie V. Botha, Chris John Westhuizen and Fourie Findlay
Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Email: [email protected]
Accepted 25 June, 2015
Abstract
In Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), one of the worst affected provinces as many as 40 to 60 % of pregnant women attending antenatal services is living with HIV infection. A qualitative, study was used in this study to explore the home environment for the support system available for the HIV positive women on the PMTCT program. The population of this study included all women who have been counselled and tested HIV positive and who have joined on Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. A total of ten women were interviewed as saturation was attained. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and tape recording used and interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis: Content analysis was used and it was done manually. Four themes emerged from this study were: emotional and psychological trauma; barriers that prevented disclosure of status; financial challenges experienced by the participants and perceptions of social support received. This study revealed that non disclosure, selective disclosure stigma and discrimination surround this disease.
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome, Mother to Child Transmission of HIV, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission, Family, Support.
Chris John Westhuizen and Fourie Findlay, *Calie V. Botha
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1027Research Article
A study of the experiences and coping strategies of barren elderly women, in Ondo State, Nigeria
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 156-162, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the experiences and coping strategies of barren elderly women, in Ondo State, Nigeria
*Osayuki E. N, Owofio C. James and Osondi V. Florence
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 20 April, 2015
Abstract
In Nigeria, barren elderly women face many challenges of daily living among which are loss of husbands and features of barrenness. The knowledge of such experiences will assist practicing nurses and social workers to understand special care and social support needs of barren elderly women. This study therefore examined the specific experiences (cultural and interactional), the feelings, and the coping strategies of the barren elderly women. It also assesses the roles of family members in their care. Forty-four (44) barren elderly women selected by snow balling technique from eight (8) randomly selected local government areas formed the study population. A semi structural interview schedule from world health organization standard interview guides for assessment of the health of barren elderly women was the major instrument used for data collection. The interview schedule was tested for validity and reliability before being used for final data collection. Data collection took twelve (12) weeks. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics showed that about two third (2/3) of the study population attributed state of fear, anxiety, helplessness, neglect, abandonment, frustration and stigmatization trend to the negative effect of competition especially in polygamous setting. However, 61.4%believed that they were being stigmatized as a result of barrenness. Findings also revealed that the health status of barren elderly women is significantly related to their support. Besides, there is a significant relationship between the ages of barren elderly and their health status (x2 15.22; P<0.01). However the study founded no significant association between the health status of the widowed and non widowed barren elderly women. Lastly there was an association between educational status and health status of the respondents. The study therefore concluded that the health status of the barren elderly women was mostly affected by income, age, effects of barrenness, familiar care coupled with social support and some varying degrees of common ailments being experienced by them.
Keywords: Barren elderly women, health status, socio-demographic condition, social experience.
Owofio C. James and Osondi V. Florence, *Osayuki E. N
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1038Research Article
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 233-238, July, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on the attitudes and socio-cultural practices affecting the outcome of pregnancy and childbirth in Oyo State, Nigeria
*Bala V. Micheal, Kashim M. Mallam and Abubakar Mohammed
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria.
E-mail:[email protected]
Accepted 7 June, 2015
Abstract
Background: The problems of increased maternal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries like Nigeria have been associated with attitudes and socio-cultural practices of women during pregnancy and childbirth. Knowledge, culture and experience determine expectation of pregnancy and childbirth outcomes. Social cultural practices reflect attitudes, belief held by people for generations. Every social group worldwide has unique cultural practices and beliefs, whether beneficial or harmful. Harmful practices like food restriction and traditional practices during pregnancy may result to maternal malnutrition and poor maternal health. Women with these health conditions could have babies with low birth weight, neonatal deaths and still births. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and socio-cultural practices that affect the outcome of pregnancy and childbirth. It is also aimed to identify the extent to which Social Support and Self- Efficacy perceptions influence cultural practices. Materials and method: Sample for the study was made up of 405 women who have delivered babies a year prior to the study. Moniya is made up of seven villages. Five villages were randomly selected for study. Systematic sampling was adopted. In each of the 5 villages studied, every third household was sampled and all the women who have had children a year prior to the study was included. Two instruments, questionnaire and focus group discussion were used for data collection. Four women of childbearing age vast with knowledge of pregnancy related risk factors were trained as interviewers. Data were analyzed with the use of EPI- INFO (version 6.0). Positive attitudes to keep healthy, like attending antenatal (ANC) regularly, eating high protein foods and vegetables were emphasized. Results: An important finding from the Focus Group Discussion(FGDs) was that majority of the pregnant women avoided eating bush meat “To avoid having deformed babies” that looks like animals. Green vegetables for the common belief that eating such might cause their babies to hiccough, gasp during breast feeding and Plantain delayed closure of fontanel respectively. Results also showed that 27(6.6%) with no formal education and 168(41.5%) who completed secondary education registered and regularly attended ANC. These showed that the more educated the pregnant women were, the more they registered and attended the ANC. Conclusion: From the findings of the study periodic health education of pregnant women on how to minimize unhealthy cultural practices is recommended.
Keywords: Attitudes, socio-cultural, practice, pregnancy.
Kashim M. Mallam and Abubakar Mohammed, *Bala V. Micheal
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1048