African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 748-755, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Combating the menace of childhood immunization noncompliance among nursing mothers in Nigeria

*Duro Adebayo¹, Lola Afolabi² and Kemi Rotimi²

¹Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria.

²Department of Nursing, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ijebu ode, Ogun, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected]

Accepted 13 January, 2016

Abstract

Vaccine preventable diseases constitute the burden of morbidity and mortality, particularly for children under 5-years in developing countries of the world such as Nigeria. Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions to date, saving millions of lives and protecting countless children from illness and disability. Numerous researches affirmed that vaccine preventable diseases account for 22% of under-five deaths in Nigeria. And poor knowledge and negative attitude on the part of parents especially the nursing mothers have been responsible for non-vaccination of children. This paper seeks to establish the fact that positive attitude and knowledge of childhood immunization is a major solution in combating the menace of childhood immunization noncompliance among the nursing mothers in Nigeria. Furthermore, the paper is aimed at recommending achievable ways of bridging the gap of health education. And emphasize the need to promotion positive attitude towards childhood immunization among parents especially the nursing mothers. Based on the findings of this study, the knowledge of childhood immunization is not adequate among nursing mothers in Nigeria. This explains the downward trend of childhood immunization compliance since 1990 and leading to skyrocketing death rate of under five children in Nigeria. To promote childhood immunization compliance, good rewards system should be in place to encourage parents whose child/children complete the childhood immunization. Usage of bulk SMS by the health care givers and stake holders as a reminder and medium of information dissemination on childhood immunization should be encouraged and also, collaborative efforts with the community and religious leaders in the area of information dissemination.

Keywords: Nursing mothers, immunization, childhood immunization, positive attitude.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 6 (4), pp. 768-771, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Diagnostic-therapeutic management of a chronic rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy

Girolamo Giro¹, Castro Vito¹ and Gava Aldo²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,

²Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 22 April, 2016

Abstract

A 37 year old Asian pregnant woman referred to our outpatients facility at the 31st gestational week with a few days history of asthenia, dyspnea by walking and tachycardia in the early morning by waking up. The objective examination revealed elevated heart rate (80beats/min), arrhythmia and abnormal respiratory rate (20 breaths/min).The urgent haemogram showed hypochromic anaemia (Hb 10.0 g/dL), erithrocytopenia (3.79 x 10⁶/µL) and normal leukocytes (8.06 x 10³/µL) . The cardiology evaluation with echocardiography found severe atrial fibrillation, mitral stenosis and pulmonary hypertension associated with severe bi-atrial dilatation. In relation to the patient conditions, an intensive heart monitoring was started. The patient was treated for respiratory distress syndrome prophylaxis (Betametasone 12 mg i.m. x2) and Low Molecular Weight Heparin prophylaxis (Seleparine 6000 UI tid). Initially, there was a successful pharmacological cardioversion, but after some days atrial fibrillation reappeared (150 bpm). At the 33 gestational week, after a multidisciplinary discussion, cesarean section was performed. Five days after delivery the patient developed anaemia, fever, leukocytosis and C-reactive protein increase. Active treatment included haemotransfusion, wide spectrum antibiotics and dicumarolic prophylaxis, and forty days after delivery the patient was successfully discharged with good health conditions.

Keywords: Chronic rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation arrhythmia, pregnancy.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 756-761, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

complications caused by nursing care amidst patient’s underlying disease

*Moses Afolabi¹, Abdul Oluyole² and Tunde Alabi²

¹Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ekiti, Nigeria.

²Department of Nursing, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 09 September, 2016

Abstract

Patients are always at the receiving end of all medical/nursing care, their safety is a rising concern in health care today. People enter the healthcare system trusting that the system will not harm them. However, increasing evidence suggests that this may not always be true. There is an increase in the prevalence of adverse patients’ outcomes which is associated to several factors. Though the goal of every nursing care is to see that patients come out of the disease process without adverse effect but there are cases where this goal is not achieved due to factors ranging from nurses’ malpractices and negligence, lack of team work, long shifts, to understaffing or unfavorable working environment. Most of the causes have been found to be nursing based or health organization based. Attempt is made in this paper to review adverse patient’s outcomes sensitive to nursing care, the causes as well as the roles of nurses to prevent it. Nurses, as the only healthcare providers who are with patients 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, can play important roles in preventing adverse patient outcomes such as patient falls, pressure ulcers, nosocomial infections, and medication error. By being accountable for care provided, quality outcome can be enhanced.

Keywords: Adverse patients’ outcome, Nursing care, Nurses, Cross roads.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 736-747, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Coping strategies of pregnant and parenting teenagers in Zambia

*Mumba Lombe¹, Lungu Phiri², Mwale Mampi² and Elidah Liato

¹Department of Women and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kabwe, Zambia.

²Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Mukuba University, Kitwe, Zambia.

Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 04 July, 2016

Abstract

Pregnant and parenting teenagers have needs that are unique to the developmental stages of adolescence in addition to the needs common to all pregnant women. The study investigated the experiences, needs and coping strategies of pregnant and parenting teenagers. The study utilized a phenomenological approach, where in-depth interviews with pregnant and parenting teenagers were conducted to get an insight into their experiences, needs and coping strategies. Participants were purposively selected. A sample size was 27 participants which was determined using data saturation principle. Three themes emerged on the experiences of teenage pregnancy and parenting including, abandonment and rejection, loss of parental support and burden of being pregnant or being a parent, while three broad needs were identified; information about HIV status, physical materials for the unborn or new born baby and mother, and the desire to go back to school for those who fall pregnant while schooling. Both adaptive and maladaptive strategies were identified as a means for coping including, avoidance of negativity, support from parents, relatives and partner, repentance and dependence on God, focusing on own and the child’s future, and denial of pregnancy or motherhood. It was concluded that pregnant and parenting teenagers undergo diverse negative experiences, while negotiating the transition from teenage hood to adulthood and motherhood amidst unmet teenage and pregnancy related needs. As a means to cope with the negativity and live within circumstances of unmet teenage and motherhood needs, coping strategies are required.

Keywords: Experiences, needs, coping strategies, teenage pregnancy, parenting.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 5 (6), pp. 727-735, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the effect of heat application on relieving dysmenorrheal pain among young females

*Khalil Ouda¹, Sameh Latif² and Tayea Nabil²

¹Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Al Fayoum, Egypt.

²Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Banha University, Banha, Egypt.

Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 12 July, 2016

Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhoea is considered the most common gynaecologic disorder among young females. Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful and difficult menstrual flow in the absence of any pelvic disorders. The study was carried out to examine the effect of heat application on relieving pain of primary dysmenorrea, examine the effect of stretching and core strengthening exercises on relieving pain of primary dysmenorrhea, compare between heat application and stretching and core strengthening exercises on relieving pain of primary dysmenorrhea among young females. Quasi experimental design (randomized controlled trial design) was used to conduct this study. The subjects included in the study were between 18-25 years with primary dysmenorrhea selected from female girls at faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University. Three tools were used in this study; tool one: interviewing questionnaire which include; socio-demographic data, menstrual history. Tool two; assessment of dysmenorrheal symptoms. Tool three; the numeric pain rating scale (NRS) assessing pain of dysmenorrhea before and after intervention. Simple random sample was used to select the participants of this study, total sample was 150 females. There was no statistical significance difference between the three studied groups regarding pain scores before intervention but there was a highly statistical significance difference between them after intervention (after use in the same menstrual cycle, second cycle and after third cycle ( p=<0.001**, <0.001** and<0.001**) respectively. Stretching and core strengthening exercises (Group B) was more effective in reducing pain of dysmenorrhea as compared with heat application (Group A). Heat application and stretching and core strengthening exercises help in decreasing the intensity of pain of dysmenorrhea in group A and B than group C (control group). Stretching and core strengthening exercises was more effective in reducing pain of dysmenorrhea than heat application. Health education of young female girls about the importance of the use of heat application and physical exercises to relieve pain of primary dysmenorrheal is recommended.

Keywords: Menstrual cycle, primary dysmenorrhea, pain score, heat application, stretching and core strengthening exercises.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 721-726, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the management of sickle-cell patients in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

*Philip Nduka¹, Emeka Ogwude¹ and Umahi Obi²

^*1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, Nigeria.

²Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 10 July, 2016

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia is a progressive hemoglobinopathy producing chronic hemolytic anemia, microvascular thrombosis, ischemic pain, tissue infarction, decreased quality of life, shortened life expectancy. The study evaluated health profiles of sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) patients. This simple random cross-sectional survey sampled 68 subjects undertaking treatment at the Sickle-Cell Clinic, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla between January to December, 2010; using an adapted and modified questionnaire which also used Visual Analogue scale to assess the pain levels. After which, data collected were analysed decriptively. 30(44%) and 38(56%) subjects were males and females respectively. 13(19.0%) SCD patients within <1-5years were most frequently treated and 2(2.9%) of 31-35 & >45years-the least. Prevalence of pain occurred among the entire 68 SCA patients. Pain provocative factors include Stress 53 (77.9%), Sitting 4(5.9%), and cold 2 (2.9%). 62 (91.2%) respondents reported direct proportional relationship between pain and Activities of Daily Living; with complications in all patients. Experts’ management involved 68(100%) haematologist and 9 (13.2%) physiotherapists. Patients’ percception of pain relief recorded 61(89.7%) temporal; anger and depression respectively recorded 1 (1.5%) post-treatment; and non in 5 (7.4%). Conclusively, pain perception was an important psychologic and therapeutics factor for the patients wellbeing post-treatment. However, SCA patients’ pain management required qualitative and clinical evidence-based multiagency healthcare services approach especially physiotherapy.

Keywords: Profiles, pain perceptions, management, sickle-cell patients, multiagency healthcare approach, Southeast and Nigeria.