African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 386-394, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Papers

A study to investigate the connection between burnout-related socio-demographic and professional variables and level of burnout of midwives working as health care workers

*Ahmet Evcen, Nuri G. Saadet and Mehmet Bilge Erdem

Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.

*Corresponding author. E -mail: [email protected]

Accepted 13 August, 2015

Abstract

This study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the relationship between some burnout-related socio-demographic and professional variables and level of burnout of midwives working as health care workers. Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism and inefficacy. It a special significance in health care where staff experience both psychological-emotional and physical stress. Measuring burnout among midwives is important because their well- being has implications for stability in the healthcare workforce and for the quality of care provided. This research, planned as a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population was the 257 midwives who work in Sivas, Eastern Turkey province center. There were 110 of these midwives who did not want to participate in the study or were on maternity or vacation leave and were, therefore, not included in the study, leaving 147 midwives who were included in the sample. The research data were collected on a 28-item questionnaire prepared from information in related literature and the Maslach Burnout Inventory which were administered using interview technique. The data obtained were analyzed in the computer with Variance Analysis, Kruskal Wallis and Tukey tests. Midwives’ level of burnout was moderate. Age, marital status, number of children, work area and work schedule were not found to have an effect on the midwives©burnout. However midwives who had not willingly chosen the profession, who stated that they worked in the profession for economic reasons, who were not pleased with working in their profession had higher mean scores for levels of emotional burnout and depersonalization and a lower mean score for personal accomplishment (p < 0.05) . According to the research results some socio-demographic characteristics of midwives (personal characteristics, place of employment, work schedule, length of employment, school from which graduated) had an effect on burnout.

Key words: Midwifery, socio-demographic characteristics, Maslach Burnout Inventory, burnout level.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 248-252, August, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of the relationship between nursing students' confidence to perform a skill and their perceived effectiveness of the instruction that they received

*Rashid Bin Mohammed, Lubna Quasimi and Maktoum Al Nahyan

Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 12 July, 2015

Abstract

A descriptive research design was employed to determine the physical assessment self-efficacy of 73 BS Nursing students of Omar Al-Mukhtar University (Libya) following a nine-day training on cephalocaudal examination using a self-assessment tool that was constructed by the authors (Cronbach's α = 0.972). Simultaneously, the perception of these nursing students on the effectiveness of physical assessment clinical instruction was evaluated using a tool based on Keller's ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Cronbach's α = 0.852). This research was conducted to evaluate a possible relationship between the student's confidence to perform a skill essential to their future professional practice and their perceived effectiveness of the instruction that they received from the nursing faculty. It was determined that students had a high level of self-efficacy in performing physical assessment following the training. They similarly perceived the instruction as highly effective. However, no statistical evidence was found to establish that the students' level of self-efficacy was directly related to the effectiveness of instruction.

Keywords: Self-efficacy, qualities of clinical instructor, physical assessment, nursing process, clinical instruction and nursing education.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 413-418, September, 2015.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Papers

An evaluation of the beliefs of the cause of tuberculosis (TB) in Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh (A.P.).

*Rakesh A. Naik, Rohinton G. H and Omar Jinnah

Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 17 August, 2015

Abstract

This paper explores the beliefs concerning cause of tuberculosis (TB) in Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh (A.P.). Health care professionals primarily attribute TB causation to germs such as bacteria. However, patients with TB described the causation of their disease in multiple ways that differ significantly from that of health professionals. Results indicate that causation beliefs held by TB patients can be grouped into two broad categories: (1) natural and (2) supernatural origin. Despite the tremendous progress made in understanding TB causation, study results demonstrate the continued existence of folk theories of disease causation. For example, attributing TB disease to sin, wrath of deities, witchcraft, evil eye, fate, imbalance in hot-cold qualities in the body, bad blood, etc., are still evident in the study population. The study results also suggest that mind, body, spirit and other issues of social life are interconnected and disruptions in any one aspect can affect the health of an individual. Some of the implications of the findings of study for creating awareness about TB causation and transmission are discussed. The study argues that modern medicine has to engage with socio-cultural beliefs and practices of communities for TB treatment to be effective.

Key words: Hot-cold imbalance, witchcraft, natural origin, evil eye, explanatory model.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 295-299, August, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of Caesarian Sections in Cyprus: The direct and indirect costs of scheduled caesarian sections among pregnant women

*Tassos R. T, Demetris P. Akinci and Rauf Clerides

Department of Pediatric Nursing Health Management, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

*Corresponding Authors E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 19 July, 2015

Abstract

The increase in the number of Caesarian Sections is an important public health issue both in terms of health and economic effects. Our aim was to illustrate their actual financial cost and to determine their frequency. The study was done in a public hospital. We measured the direct and indirect costs of scheduled caesarian sections among a convenience sample of 13 pregnant women in August 2013, using micro-costing “bottom-up” approach. This included salaries, pharmaceuticals, consumables, laboratory tests as well as the indirect cost of supporting services. For each patient a separate sheet was created. The hospital stay was on average 7 days. We performed a quantitative analysis and processed the data using the program Microsoft Excel. According to the findings, the financial cost amounted to €2,654.60 on average. The research revealed an increase in the caesarians from 4.11% in 1980 rose to 40.07% in 2012 with a total cost at about 14 million (2.5%) of the health budget. These finding will help informed decisions on introducing policies for the diminishing of the caesarian sections in the country

Keywords: Caesarean section, rates, trends, financial cost, Cyprus

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 131-138, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An assessment of the knowledge and attitude of men towards vasectomy as a method of family planning in okada community, Edo state

*Alex T. Okri, Bimbo H. Akintola and Sade V. Tosin

Faculty of Nursing, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Accepted 19 April, 2015

Abstract

In the past, family-planning programs have focused attention primarily on women, because of the need to free women from excessive child-bearing, and to reduce maternal and infant mortality through the use of modern methods of contraception. Most of the family-planning services were offered within maternal and child health (MCH) centers, most research and information campaigns focused on women and this has reinforced the misconception that family planning is largely a woman’s business, with the man playing a very peripheral role especially in a society where male supremacy and virility is very important and is marked by Procreation. Hence, this is a descriptive study designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of men towards vasectomy as a method of family planning in okada community, Edo state. Accidental sampling technique was used to select 140 married men and questionnaire was administered. However only 136 of the questionnaire was retrieved and same analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with level of significance set at 5% (0.05). The study revealed that majority of the respondents was between the ages of 28 – 37 years and have at least one sexual partner. Despite the respondents’ knowledge of at least one form of male family planning methods, majority 85 (62.5%) had no knowledge of vasectomy while out of the 51 (37.5%) who claimed to have knowledge, only 18 (13.2%) had high knowledge the remaining 33(24.3%) had poor few knowledge of vasectomy. Most of the respondents also showed negative attitude towards vasectomy and believed that vasectomy should not be done by men and that females should be responsible for family planning but the decision on the method to use should be demanded from them as the head of the family. Cultural acceptance112 (82.4%), religious acceptance98 (72.1%), ignorance 96 (70.6%) and accessibility of family planning clinic 90 (66.2%) were the major factors influencing attitude of men towards vasectomy. The study also revealed that there was no significant association between academic attainment of respondents under study and their attitude towards vasectomy [X²⁼3.534, P-value = 0.171], as well as between marital status between and their attitude towards vasectomy [X²=0.436 P-value =0.804], with p > 0.05; however, significant association was found between the level of knowledge of respondents under study and their attitude towards vasectomy [X²= 4.918 P-value = 0.047] with p < 0.05. It was recommended that there is need to design effective information, education and communication strategies to reach men in every part of the federation on the need to actively participate in family planning, as well as intense value clarification and attitude transformation in order to improve men's attitudes towards vasectomy.

Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, men, vasectomy.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 436-442, September, 2015.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Papers

A study to explore the perceptions of registered nursing staff towards the efficacy of clinical incident reporting in Ireland                                                                   

*Jonathan Little, Oscar Courtney, Eamon Stoker and Eoin Henr Williams

¹Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Dublin, Ireland.

²Department of Nursing and Health Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Republic of Ireland.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 8 August, 2015

Abstract

Clinical incident reporting identifies actual and potential risks to patient safety and then eliminates those risks through a system of procedural changes, policy enactment or changes in staff education. This constitutes the first study to explore perceptions of registered nursing staff towards efficacy of clinical incident reporting in Ireland since the launch of the national “STARSweb” incident reporting system in 2004. A survey of 210 nurses using open and closed questions was conducted across three separate acute hospitals in the Irish midlands region. While the majority of participants (90%) had submitted at least one clinical incident report, few received prompt feedback (12%) or prior appropriate training (30%) on this topic. A clear definition of what participants understood of the term “clinical incident” was not evident. However, fear of repercussion or disciplinary action from management was not considered an issue in terms of barriers to reporting. However it is evident that further training in clinical incident reporting is required and modifications to reporting systems at governance level within hospitals are necessary in supporting staff in their work. When considering effective management of clinical incident reporting, managers should ensure that staff nurses receive appropriate feedback and promote the importance of this feedback to enhance clinical incident reporting.

Key words: Incident reporting, near miss, risk management, adverse event, clinical, human error.