African Journal of Plant Breeding

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (6), pp. 001-003, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Molecular markers for Capsicum frutescens varieties cultivated in Borneo

K. F. Rodrigues and H. K. Tam

Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, Kota Kinabalu 88999, Sabah, Malaysia.

Accepted 21 October, 2017

Abstract

This paper describes the isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Capsicum frutescens varieties cultivated in Borneo, Malaysia. A total of 58 putative microsatellites distributed across 29 sequences were isolated from a genomic library enriched for microsatellites. Ten locus specific polymorphic molecular markers were developed and applied to determine the levels of genetic diversity across the cultivated population. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.4316 - 0.6684 (mean 0.5958) and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 - 1 (mean 0.6000). There was a deficiency of heterozygotes within the total population which implies that most of the cultivated varieties in the region have been derived as a result of inbreeding. The estimation of the total genetic diversity of a cultivated crop variety within a geographic region can provide an indication of the extent to which traditional cultivators are relying on inbred varieties of seeds for crop production.

Key words: Capsicum frutescens, bird’s eye chili, inosine, microsatellites, heterozygosity.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (4), pp. 001-013, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Multivariate analysis of genetic divergence in twenty two genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Makinde S.C.O¹* and Omolayo Johnson Ariyo²

¹Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo Campus, P.O Box 001, LASU Post Office Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria.

²Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, College of Plant Science University of Agriculture Abeokuta, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 October, 2017

Abstract

Twenty- two groundnut genotypes collected from different germplasm centers were cultivated in botanical nursery of the Lagos State University Ojo-Campus during the raining season of 2009. The data collected on 33 characters were subjected to multivariate analysis to study the variability within the genotypes and to determine the efficiency of the methods in classifying genotypes. The first three axes each of factor analysis and principal component analyses (PCA) captured 42 and 55% respectively of the total variance and jointly identified final plant height, leaflet length, stem pigmentation, nodes on the main stem and number of leaves per plant at flowering as characters contributing most to variation. The first three axes of the canonical and discriminant analyses accounted for 85 and 90% of the total variation respectively and identified in addition to the above characters, pod beak, hairiness of mature leaflet, pod constriction, lateral branch pattern and peg colour as important. Genotype clustering using single linkage clustering technique did not follow a particular pattern, as genotypes from different sources were grouped together, while some from same source were also separated into eight different groups. The effect of genetic divergence on the choice of parental stock in improvement breeding programme was discussed.

Key words: Groundnut, factor analysis, principal component analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, single linkage cluster analysis.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Structural features of a cytoplasmic male sterility source from Helianthus resinosus, CMS RES1

F. Ardila^1,2, M. M. Echeverría ^1,3*, R. Rios² and R. H. Rodríguez³

¹Ex Aequo asbl, Rue Locquenghien, 41 B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.

²Instituto de Genética CICV y A, CNIA, INTA. C.C. 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

³Unidad Integrada: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - Estación Experimental INTA Balcarce. C.C. 276 (7620) Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Accepted 22 November, 2017

Abstract

Comparisons in the structural organization of mitochondrial DNA between a cytoplasmic male sterility source from Helianthus resinosus (CMS RES1) and HA89 fertile line have been performed surrounding coxIII and atp9 genes. Differences have also been recognized by PCR analyses between HA89 (CMS RES1) and either HA89 (CMS PET1) or HA89 (CMS MAX1), indicating that the molecular basis of their sterility mechanism is different. To be specific, RES1 lacks orfH522, which is present in the mitochondrial DNA of PET1 and MAX1.

Key words: Helianthus annuus, Helianthus resinosus, sunflower, cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS, coxIII, atp9.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (2), pp. 001-011, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Development and use of microsatellites markers for genetic variation analysis, in the Namibian germplasm, both within and between populations of marama bean (Tylosema esculentum)

M.  Takundwa¹, E. Nepolo¹, P. M. Chimwamurombe¹*, A. C. Cullis², M. A. Kandawa-Schulz⁴ and K. Kunert³

¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

²Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

³Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.

⁴Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia,Windhoek, Namibia.

Accepted 09 December, 2017

Abstract

Tylosema esculentum (marama) has long been identified as a candidate crop for arid and semi-arid environments due to its success in these environments and the high nutritional value of the seed. Molecular markers are essential for the assessment of the levels of genetic variation present within and between populations of marama as well for future marker-assisted breeding efforts. Microsatellites were isolated using a modified FIASCO enrichment technique. Eighty pairs of primers were designed to amplify across a selected set of perfect microsatellite repeats with greater than 5 repeat units. Of the 80 primer pairs screened, 76% were able to detect polymorphism and 21% gave monomorphic bands while the other 3% gave inconsistent results. Four of the polymorphic SSR’s were used for genetic variation analysis and have proved to be useful and informative markers for assessing intra-specific and inter-specific variability of marama bean. Heterozygosity (H) within and between populations of marama bean in the Namibian germplasm ranged from 0.30 to 0.74. Some of the populations had low genetic variation while others had high genetic variation.

Key words: Tylosema esculentum, microsatellites, FIASCO, polymorphism, genetic variation, heterozygosity.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Screening of superior chickpea genotypes for various environments of Iran using genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis

Asghar Ebadi segherloo¹*, Sayyed Hossain Sabaghpour², Hamid Dehghani¹ and Morteza kamrani³

¹Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.

²Dry land Agricultural Research Institute, Kermanshah, Iran.

³Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Accepted 14 September, 2017

Abstract

Superior crop cultivars must be identified through multi-environment trials (MET) and on the basis of multiple traits. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of genotype (G) and genotype × environment interaction (GE) on grain yield of 17 chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) in six different research stations of Iran. GGE (G plus GE) biplot methodology was used to evaluate phenotypic stability in genotypes. A site regression (SREG) analysis to assess G × E interactions and to identify stable genotypes of chickpea was undertaken. These genotypes were developed by various breeders at different research institutes/stations of Iran and International Center for Agricultural Research in Dray Areas (ICARDA). Results indicated that the first two principal components explained 95% of the total GGE variation, with PC1 and PC2 explaining 73 and 22%, respectively. Genotypes Flip 93-93, Flip 94-123C and S 96002 had the highest mean yield and genotype Bivanij had the poorest mean yield. Thus the performance of genotype ILC 6142 was highly variable, whereas genotypes S 96003, Flip 93-48C and S 96027 were highly stable. Collective analysis of the biplots suggests four chickpea mega-environments in Iran. The first mega-environment contained locations Kermanshah, Gorgan and Ghachsaran, with genotype Flip 93-93 being the winner. Genotype Flip 85-57 × 12-071-1005 gave the highest performance in location Ilam and genotypes S 96032 and Bivanij gave the highest performance in locations Urmia. The Lorestan made up the other mega-environment with ILC 6142 as the winner.

Key words: Cicer arietinum L., genotype × environment interaction, site regression analysis, GGEBiplot.