African Journal of Plant Breeding

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 4 (5), pp. 001-007, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of Eucalyptus pollen isolation methods on pollen viability, debris content, quantity isolated and pollen density per stigma

V. Girijashankar^1,2

¹Associate Scientist, Plant Breeding and Genetics, ITC R and D Centre, SP Biotech Park, Turkapally, Shameerpet -500078, RangaReddy (DT.), Andhra Pradesh, India.

²Center for Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500085, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 91-9959599890. Fax: 91-40- 23058729.

Accepted 21 September, 2017

Abstract

Success of interspecific hybridization in Eucalyptus depends on the availability of contamination free, clean and viable pollen from elite paternal trees. Unlike the natural process of open pollination, control pollination (CP) in Eucalyptus orchards, is a slow, tedious and labour-intensive procedure that involves high costs, but results in low seed yields. In order to overcome these short-comings, Eucalyptus breeders use various methods of pollen isolation (PI) procedures and pollination techniques. Here, we report an efficient method of PI, named as wet -lyophylisation method (WL) and compared the same with the conventionally followed dry sieving (DS) method. Clean pollen isolated by WL method resulted in a reduced debris content, in which the percent pollen viability and quantity of pollen obtained/gram of stamen were not significantly different between WL and DS methods at P < 0.05. During wide-interspecific hybridization, the use of clean pollen isolated by WL method resulted in an enhanced pollen density per receptive stigma. When compared to the conventional dry sieving method, the new (WL) method of PI was efficient in reducing the debris content and enhanced the number of pollen deposited on the receptive stigmas. In addition, the amount of pollen obtained per gram of stamen and percent pollen viability are not significantly different between the two methods of pollen collection under study.

Key words: Eucalyptus, hybridization, control pollination, wet-lyophylisation method, pollen viability.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 4 (5), pp. 001-006, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Combining ability studies over environments in Rajmash (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) in Jammu and Kashmir, India

Asif M. Iqbal, F. A. Nehvi, Shafiq A. Wani, H. Qadri, Z. A. Dar and Aijaz A. Lone*

Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 191121, J and K, India.

Accepted 10 December, 2017

Abstract

The experimental material comprised 45 F1’s generated by crossing ten diverse lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a half diallel fashion and their parents were evaluated in RBD in two replications at three locations during Kharif, 2008. The pooled analysis revealed that both gca and sca were influenced by environments, which suggested that studies are being conducted over the environments to get unbiased estimates. The sca x e interaction was greater than gca x e interaction for most of the traits. The compassion of relative magnitude of gca and sca variances indicated greater magnitude of sca variances for all the traits, indicating greater importance of non additive gene action for the inheritance of these traits. SKUA-R-607 and SKUA-R-608 showed high combining ability for seed yield and yield attributing traits. The most promising crosses, in order of merit for seed yield, were Shalimar rajmash 1 x SKUA-R-607, SKUA-R-608 x SKUA-R-106 and Shalimar rajmash -1 x SKUA- R-612.

Key words: Common bean, diallel, combining ability over environments, gene action.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 4 (5), pp. 001-007, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of intervarietal differences in drought tolerance in chickpea using both nodule and plant traits as indicators

Nehla Labidi*, Henda Mahmoudi, Messedi Dorsaf, Ines Slama and Chedly Abdelly

The Laboratry of Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress (LAPSA), Biotechnology Center at the Technopark of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.

Accepted 28 May, 2017

Abstract

5 lines of Tunisian varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri UPMCa7 were monitored during the vegetative stage on sterilized sandy soil. 2 levels of soil moisture were compared (100 and 33% of field capacity). The work was aimed at assessing the relative tolerance of these lines to drought and then, to research relationships between the level of sensitivity of plant growth and N content to drought and nodule, leaf and root traits. Drought limited plant growth of Amdoun and Neyer and decreased N content of Chetoui, Amdoun and Neyer. The latter N shortage was associated with increase in nodule mortality and restriction of nodule growth. In view of their minimal decrease in plant biomass and N content, Beja and Kesseb were the most tolerant varieties. Inter- varietal differences for water stress effects on nodule, root and leaf traits were limited to (i) change in root to shoot ratio (ii) loss of chlorophylls and (iii) nodule mortality. Each of these traits was considered as an indicator of stress tolerance. These indicators predict that the most tolerant variety was Beja based on higher increase in root to shoot ratio and Beja and Kesseb based on lower nodule mortality. When choice of the varieties should depend on the likelihood of water stress during the culture, Amdoun which presented the higher biomass per plant and the higher nitrogen content in control condition and ranked similarly to all other varieties in stress condition might represent a reasonable trade- off between high growth and stress tolerance when the probability of water stress to occur during the culture period is low.

Key words: Cicer arietinum, drought stress, nodule characteristics, tolerance.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 4 (4), pp. 001-006, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic variation of 1RS arm between sibling wheat lines containing 1BL.1RS translocation

Tan FeiQuan¹, Fu ShuLan¹, Tang ZongXiang¹, Ren ZhengLong^1,2* and Zhang HuaiQiong¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China.

²School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.

Accepted 06 June, 2017

Abstract

3 sets of sibling 1BL.1RS translocation wheat lines (each set containing 2 sibling lines) derived from 3 different F₄ single plant. Between 2 sibling wheat lines, different resistance to powdery mildew was observed. In addition, different bands in -gliadin mobility zone between 2 sibling wheat lines were also significantly observed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). However, the nucleotide sequence of / -gliadin precursor gene cloned from 2 sibling wheat lines were 100% similarity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using 180 wheat microsatellite markers dispersed on 7 homeologous groups of wheat indicated that little genetic variation occurred in wheat A, B and D genomes of these sibling wheat lines. Structural variation of 1BL.1RS chromosome arm was detected by PCR analysis. Different rye-specific repetitive DNA exhibited different variation. The different structure of 1RS chromosome arms may be related to the genetic variation between the 2 sibling wheat lines. The results lead us to think that the variation of 1RS arm within a species should be utilized in wheat breeding program. To detect variation of repetitive DNA can provide better understanding of the genetic variation of 1BL.1RS translocation and will be useful for utilization of 1RS arm in wheat breeding program.

Key words: 1BL.1RS translocation, repetitive DNA, sibling wheat lines, gentic variation.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 4 (4), pp. 001-004, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on stigma receptivity of cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

R. H. Luo¹, V. A. Dalvi¹, Y. R. Li¹ and K. B. Saxena²

¹Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China 530007.

²International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, A.P. India.

Accepted 09 July, 2017

Abstract

Stigma receptivity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] was studied using 2 male-sterile lines (ICPA 2039 and ICPA 2043) under field conditions. An experiment was conducted to observe the stigma receptive period at Nanning (22°N 108°E) in Southern China. The study revealed that the stigma was receptive 48 h before flower opening and continued up 4 days after flower opening. The peak stigma receptivity was on the day of flower opening with 84 and 86% pod set after hand pollination in the male-sterile lines ICPA 2039 and ICPA 2043, respectively. This floral stage is characterized by the corolla to calyx length ratio of 2.75 ± 0.075 (ICPA 2039) and 2.60 ± 0.283 (ICPA 2043). The long time span of stigma receptivity in pigeonpea encourages insect-aided natural out-crossing. This information will help breeders to carry out hybridization activity with high success rates. Also the long receptivity may facilitate more seed yield in isolated seed production blocks.

Key words: CMS lines, pigeonpea, stigma receptivity.