ISSN 2375-074X
Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 4 (4), pp. 001-005, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Morpho-characterization of different populations of black caraway (BUNIUM PERSICUM Bioss. Fedts) with respect to yield and yield traits across important growing sites of Kashmir Valley
Zahoor Ahmad Dar, N. A. Zeerak, Shafiq A. Wani and M. H. Khan*
Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar– 191 121, j&k, India.
Accepted 12 March, 2017
Abstract
Analysis of variance revealed highly significant genotypic differences for all the characters under study. Wide range of variation was observed among the plants of six different ecotypes for various morphological yield and yield attributing traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation, indicating that all these characters had interacted with the environment. Moderate coefficient of variation (genotypic and phenotypic) was observed for number of seeds umbel-1 and seed yield plant-1 indicating fair amount of variability present for the traits under mention. Heritability (broad sense) was high for number of umbels plant-1; number of umblets plant-1 in primary, secondary and tertiary umbels; number of seeds umbel-1 in primary, secondary and tertiary umbels; seed yield m-2and 1000-seed weight which indicated that these characters could be improved through selection.
Key words: Characterization, black caraway morphological traits, yield and yield attributing traits
Shafiq A. Wani and M. H. Khan*, N. A. Zeerak, Zahoor Ahmad Dar
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1031Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 4 (4), pp. 001-005, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Resynthesis of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.) from related digenomic species: An unexplored possibility
F. A. Sheikh1, S. Najeeb2*, A. G. Rather2 and Shashi Banga3
1,2Shere-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Rice Research and Regional Station Khudwani, Anantnag (J and K)-192102, India.
3Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana -141001, India.
Accepted 22 January, 2017
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to resynthesize Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) from its related digenomic species viz. Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=38) and Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) for generating variability for oil and meal quality. Elite genotypes of B. napus viz. MHO-18-1-184 (“00”) and B. juncea viz. NJHO-3-25(‘0’ C22:1) were involved in interspecific hybridization followed by chromosome doubling, selfing and selection to extract B. carinata type plants without any backcrossing. Morphological and cytological assessment of the hybrids and derived B. carinata was carried out to check the breeding value and genomic stability of derived B. carinata types. The study was successful in developing two (NJ 2 and 3) derived B. carinata type plants, following hybridization between non parental amphiploids viz. B. napus and B. juncea. These derived plants showed zero erucic acid and high oleic acid content (49%), as in the two parental species. The derived B. carinata plants also exhibited sufficient genetic deviation from natural B. carinata and constitute an entirely new source of genetic variability.
Key words: Brassica carinata, interspecific hybridization, fatty acid.
A. G. Rather and Shashi Banga, S. Najeeb*, F. A. Sheikh
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1030Review
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 4 (4), pp. 201-213, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Production and use of haploids and doubled haploid in maize breeding: A review
Charity Chidzanga1*, Faith Muzawazi2, Joanah Midzi3 and Tendai Hove2
1Hilbright Science College, Avondale Campus 128 King George Road, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
2Biotechnology Research Institute, Scientific Research and Development Centre (SIRDC) 1574 Alpes Road, Hatcliffe Extension, Harare, Zimbabwe.
3Department of Agronomy, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel. +254 734887700/+254 723167664.
Accepted 06 October, 2017
Abstract
Haploids and doubled haploids (DH) have become effective tools in maize genetics and breeding. The DH technology is replacing the conventional method of line development and speeding up the process of obtaining new varieties. Numerous maize DH based inbred lines and hybrids have been developed and released around the world. Temperate maize breeding programs have taken the lead in adopting the DH technology while in the tropical maize breeding uptake is still hampered by limited awareness of the potential and applicability of the technology. There are various methods for haploid induction, identification of putative haploids and chromosome doubling. However the effective and efficient large scale use of the DH technology depends on the most effective, sustainable and efficient methods of haploid induction, identification of putative haploids and chromosome doubling. The most commonly used method for haploid induction is in vivo haploid induction of maternal haploids through the use of inducer lines. The R1-nj marker system for haploid identification and chromosome doubling through the use of various concentrations of colchicine are considered the most common methods of identifying putative haploids and chromosome doubling respectively. Herein, they reviewed (i) the various procedures available for DH production, (ii) the methods for identifying putative maize haploids (iii) chromosome doubling methods (iv) the genetic basis of in vivo haploid induction in maize and (v) the use of the DH technology in maize breeding.
Key words: Haploids, doubled Haploids, haploid induction, chromosome doubling, identification of putative haploids.
Charity Chidzanga*, Faith Muzawazi, Joanah Midzi and Tendai Hove
Page: 201 - 213
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1029Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 4 (3), pp. 194-200, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of heterosis and combining ability in maize (Zea mays L.) for maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease
Kikwete Karume1, Noor Nazir2 and Ikupa Salmin2
1Ilonga Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 33 Kilosa, Tanzania.
2Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 09 January, 2017
Abstract
Noor Nazir and Ikupa Salmin, Kikwete Karume
Page: 194 - 200
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1028Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 4 (2), pp. 183-193, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of introduction of flowering in cassava through grafting
Pérez Santos1, Gómez Muñoz2 and Alfonso Uribe3
1International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Recta Cali-Palmira km 17, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
2Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Palmira Campus, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
3Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University. Ithaca, NY, USA.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 20 January, 2016
Abstract
Flowering in cassava is related to branching. Erect plant architecture is usually preferred by farmers but results in late and scarce flowering, which slows down breeding and genetic studies. The objective of this study was to induce earlier and more abundant flowering, which have become key research needs for cassava. Six non- or late-flowering genotypes were selected for grafting on a profuse, early flowering understock. Grafted stems did not branch and flower while attached to the understock. Four cuttings from each grafted stem were taken and planted the following season. Paired-row cuttings from non-grafted stems of the same genotypes were planted as checks. Three phenotypic responses to grafting were found. One genotype failed to branch and flower, independently of the origin of the cuttings. Four genotypes branched but did not produce flowers. However, plants from grafted cuttings tended to branch earlier, particularly after the second branching event. Finally, in one genotype, grafting induced not only earlier branching but also earlier and more abundant production of flowers, fruits and seeds than their counterparts of plants from non-grafted stems. This is the first report of grafting effects on the induction of earlier flowering in cassava. Results indicated a delayed effect of grafting which was genotype-dependent based on materials used in this study. The contrasting responses to grafting may be useful for understanding the effect of plant growth regulators and photoperiod manipulations of ongoing research.
Key words: Accelerated breeding, branching, genetic gains, genomic selection, inbreeding.
Gómez Muñoz and Alfonso Uribe, Pérez Santos
Page: 183 - 193
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1027Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 4 (1), pp. 172-182, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of genetic variation and grain quality traits in bread wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) genotypes
James Ganno1*, Dawit Alemu2 and Gidada Ayalew3
1Plant Breeding Department, Axum Agricultural Research Center, Axum, Ethiopia.
2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
3Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Mekelle University, Mek'ele, Ethiopia.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 22 January, 2017
Abstract
Forty-nine bread wheat genotypes were tested at Axum, Northern Ethiopia in 2016/17, with the objective of assessing the extent of genetic variation, correlation and path analysis of wheat genotypes in yield and grain quality traits using 7 x 7 triple lattice design. Data were collected for 17 agronomic and grain quality characters. For each of the test entries, samples of 500 g grains were taken from each plot for quality analysis. The NIR spectrophotometer (NIR Infratec 1241 Grain analyzer, Sweden) was used to analyze wheat samples for their protein, wet gluten, zeleny sedimentation volume and starch content based on dry weight basis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance which revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 1.63 (for starch content) to13.30% (for grain yield). The broad sense heritability (H2) ranged from 15.89 (for number of tillers) to 97.16% (for days to heading), while genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) from 2.01 (for starch content) to 19.63% (for days to heading). The GCV and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) differences were low in magnitude for days to heading and days to maturity, and H2 values were coupled with moderate to high GAM. This suggests selection based on phenotype of genotypes could be effective to improve these characters. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with biological yield (0.72), harvest index (0.65), plant height (0.51), thousand kernel weight (0.31), hectoliter weight (0.37) and starch content (0.32), of which biomass yield (0.85) and harvest index (0.70) had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. Thus, selection for higher mean values of biomass yield and harvest index could be considered simultaneously for selection of higher grain yield.
Key words: Bread wheat, correlation, genetic coefficient of variation, genetic advance, grain quality, heritability.
Dawit Alemu and Gidada Ayalew, James Ganno*
Page: 172 - 182
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1026