African Journal of Plant Breeding

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Salinity effect on plant growth at the seedling stage of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)

Karmous Chahine, Ayed Sourour*, Trifa Youssef and Slim-Amara Hajer

Genetic and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology,

National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, 43, Avenue Charles Nicole, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia.

Accepted 13 October, 2022

Abstract

Soil salinity is a serious threat in many parts of the world in general and of Tunisia in particular, which negatively affects plant production. In this experiment, response of durum wheat to salinity in seven genotypes namely; four local cultivars (Azizi, Jenah Khotifa, Hmira and Swebâa Eljia), two improved varieties (Karim and Om Rabia) and an algerian cultivar (Oued Zeneti)] to salinity (0 and 100 mM of NaCl) was investigated in hydroponic conditions. Salinity induced no effects in all genotypes on the maximal efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m) photochemistry. The F_v/F_m showed that Jenah Khotifa and Karim were the most tolerant genotypes under saline conditions (100 mM of NaCl). This may be associated with higher chlorophyll (a and b) contents. Results also depicted that all genotypes showed higher content proline as well as lower sodium content as compared with Jenah Khotifa with a reduction of 68.53% under 100 mM NaCl. It was concluded that high chlorophyll content and the proline accumulation in plant will improve the salt tolerance of wheat genotypes in breeding programs.

Key words: Durum wheat, salt stress, genotypic variation, seedling stage.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Allelic data revealing interrelatedness in rice species (Oryza sativa, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza barthii) and the interspecific hybrids (NERICA)

R. Aliyu¹*, A. K. Adamu¹ and G. B. Gregorio²

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

²International Rice Research Institute, Las Banos, Philippines.

Accepted 18 December, 2022

Abstract

The current level of genome coverage provided by microsatellite markers in rice is sufficient for DNA fingerprinting, providing Information on diversity and population structure which is expected to assist plant breeders by providing a more rational basis for expanding the gene pool and for identifying material that harbours alleles of value for plant improvement. Allelic data from the species studied revealed that rice interspecific hybrids (NERICA) were more closely related to Oryza sativa than to Oryza glaberrima which was closely associated to Oryza barthii than to O sativa. Comparative polymorphism between species showed that O. sativa, Nerica, Oryza barthii and O. glaberrima produced 51, 45, 40 and 36 alleles with 1461, 238, 305 and 445 polymorphic bands respectively with 17 SSR markers. Alleles ranged from 2 to 4 in O. sativa and nerica; from 2 to 3 in O. glaberrima and 1 to 4 in O. barthii. The average polymorphic information content and resolving power was highest in O. sativa (0.53, 0.63), followed by nerica (0.52, 0.62), next was O. barthi (0.29, 0.30) and least in O. glaberrima (0.22, 0.22). Alleles at RM508 were most reliable in profiling O. barthii genotypes. Definitive markers (RM240, RM488) for O. glaberrima and O. sativa (RM587) were obtained. Cluster analysis grouped the rice genotypes into ten clusters at a similar coefficient of 68% with genotypes of the same genetic similarity clustering together. Based on this study therefore, molecular fingerprinting and crop improvement could be advanced for breeding programmes.

Key words: Nerica, Oryza barthii,  Oryza glaberrima, Oryza Sativa, rare allele.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Combining ability and heterosis for aluminium stress tolerance of soybean roots and shoots grown in acid sand culture

G. O. S. Ojo¹* and S. A. Ayuba²

¹Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

²Department of Soil Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 December, 2022

Abstract

A six parent F₂ diallel of soybeans was evaluated in potted acid sand culture with the objective of estimating combining ability and heterosis for aluminium stress tolerance. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes, crosses (F₂/R), Parents, F₂, Reciprocals (R) and Parents Vs (F₂/R) for the root dry weight, shoot dry weight and relative root surface area. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for the three traits, except the root dry weight, where the SCA was not significant. The result also showed the presence of both additive and dominance gene action and the preponderance of the former compared to the later, indicating the possibility of selection of pure lines from the genotypes studied. Selection from TGX 1896-3F and TGX 1844-18E and crosses involving these two genotypes on acid soil would enhance a rapid progress in the breeding of aluminium tolerant genotypes of soybeans.

Key words: Glycine max, diallel analysis, general combining ability, specific combining ability, additive effect, dominance effect.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of different NaCl levels in nutrient solution on the Pennisetum spp. genotypes

M. Cavalcante¹*, B. L. Viana¹, L. A. D. S. Costa¹, E. Bezerra, Neto², J. C. B. Dubeux Júnior¹ and M. A. Lira¹

¹Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife/PE, Brazil.

²Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife/PE, Brazil.

Accepted 30 March, 2022

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of three NaCl levels in nutrient solution on initial development and regrowth of nine Pennisetum spp. genotypes. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, using a completely randomized design, distributed in a 9 × 3 factorial arrangement [nine Pennisetum spp. genotypes (Cameroon, ‘Mercker México’, Mott, ‘Elefante B’, Taiwan 2.37, Taiwan 227, Taiwan 2.114, IRI 381, and the interspecific hybrid HV 241) and three NaCl levels (0, 60 and 100 mM)], with four replications. Traits associated with plant growth at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) were evaluated. The results indicate a significant effect (P<0.05) of treatments on the vegetative traits in the initial stages development and regrowth, detaching decrease in tillers number, leaf and stem dry mass at 60 DAP; decrease in total mass (TM, leaf + stem) from 18.41 to 3.11 g, root mass (RM) from 6.52 to 0.38 g, and TM/RM ratio on the average of genotypes at 90 DAP. However, this reduction is lower for the Cameroon cultivar, showing to be a salt-tolerant cultivar.

Key words: Electrical conductivity, interspecific hybrid, Pennisetum purpureum, saline stress.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Response of mustard and linseed to thermal power plant wastewater supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus

Afroza Akhtar, Akhtar Inam and Arif Inam*

Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Botany Department, A.M.U., Aligarh -202002

Accepted 13 August, 2022

Abstract

The effect of thermal power plant discharged waste water (TPPW) on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Alankar) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L. cv. Neelam) was studied. TPPW increased growth characteristics, net photosynthetic rate, seed yield, oil content and oil yield of the two crops. In mustard, treatments TPPW N112P60 (112 kg N/ha + 60 kg P/ha), TPPW N112P30 (112 kg N/ha + 30 kg P/ha) and TPPW N90P60 (90 kg N/ha + 60 kg P/ha) were equally effective while in case of linseed lower levels of N and P with waste water proved beneficial. TPPW may be considered as an alternative of fresh water for irrigation purpose improving yield and quality of mustard and linseed.

Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, wastewater, mustard, linseed, seed yield, oil yield.

African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2375-074X Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2023.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Induction of anti-oxidative enzymes by cadmium stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Sbartai Hana¹, Rouabhi Rachid^2*, Sbartai Ibtissem¹, Berrebbah Houria¹ and Djebar Mohammed-Réda¹

¹Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Annaba, 23000, Algeria.

²Life and nature sciences Institute, Department of Biology, Tebessa University Center, 12000, Algeria.

Accepted 29 November, 2022

Abstract

In the present study, the cadmium’s effect on anti-oxidative enzymes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants was evaluated. Plants treated with increasingly CdCl₂concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, 100 and 200 M respectively) were grown in a basic nutrient solution for 7 days. APX (Ascorbate Peroxidase) and GPX (Guaïgol Peroxidase) activities showed to increase below 100 M concentration after treatment. In excessive concentration however, more than determined level, a significant decrease in the enzymes activities was determined. The increase in enzymatic activity can be associated with induction of oxidative stress by cadmium treatment. Excessive calcium displayed also low APX and GPX activities, which were virtually the same activity levels of control plants. However, it should be note that concentration more than 80 m of Cd resulted in decreasing of APX and GPX activity. The enzymatic activity of GSH followed in the presence of Cd showed a significant increase by 80 M of Cd then the activity showed decreasing. Calcium treatment resulted in impairing of GSH stimulation in the presence of Cd conditions. Eventually, Cd treatment resulted in decline in GST activity that was significantly increased in the presence of calcium, suggesting stimulation of antioxidant enzymatic activities. Therefore, accumulation of Cd can be associated with oxidative stress, which may be inhibited and reduced its adverse effects by calcium treatment in the cell culture.

Keywords: Cadmium, Calcium, APX, GPX, GSH, GST, Lycopersicon esculentum, enzymatic activity.