ISSN 2375-074X
Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genotype by trait relations of yield and yield components in aromatic peppers (Capsicum annuum) based on GT biplot
Abu, Ngozi E.1*, Uguru, M. I.2 and Obi, I. U.2
1Department of Botany, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
2Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 November, 2018
Abstract
Drastic changes in random environment and lack of cultivar evaluation and multiple trait assessment across years are major constraints to pepper breeding in derived savanna agro-ecology. Ten genotypes of aromatic pepper grown in randomized complete block design were used to investigate the genotype by trait (GT) biplot analysis and to examine its effectiveness in visualizing fresh fruit yield and yield components relationships and its application in cultivar evaluation, comparison and selection across years. Twenty-two traits including fresh fruit yield were studied using GT biplot analysis. Results of the analysis of variance show signigicant genotypic, year and genotype by year interactions (GEI) for yield and yield components. GT biplot analysis showed that the genotypes were affected diversely by different environmental stresses prevalent in each of the years. G4 (Shombo) was outstanding in the first year of assessment having significantly the highest value in eighteen traits including fresh fruit yield, however, in the second year of assessment, G1 (UNS2) and G3 (Nsky-lp), not varying significantly (P = 0.01) from each other, had the highest yield. The combined analysis biplot polygon showed that G4 (Shombo) had significantly the highest values in eleven traits. The genotype by year GE biplot show G4 (Shombe) as the most outstanding genotype in years 1 and 3 assessment seasons in both fresh fruit yield and major yield components as number of nodes per plant, canopy diameter, number of fruits per plant among other traits as shown in the biplot. G7 (Tatase) is the vertex genotype having the highest value in, single fruit weight in all the years of assessment and pericarp thickness in years 2 and 3. Genotype evaluation and selection of parents for high fresh fruit yield and yield components were facilitated by GT biplot, as a result, G4 could be selected as the best genotype for high fresh fruit yield and G7 for high single fruit weight value and pericarp thickness. Equally, selection for number nodes per plant, canopy diameter, number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant among other traits offers a wide scope for improving fresh fruit yield in Capsicum annuum.
Key words: Capsicum annuum, genotype by trait, biplot, selection, year.
M. I. and Obi, Uguru , I. U., Ngozi E*, Abu
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1050Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (11), pp. 001-011, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Transformation of chickpea lines with Cry1X using in planta transformation and characterization of putative transformants T1 lines for molecular and biochemical characters
Asharani, B. M., Ganeshaiah, K. N., Amrita Raja Vinod Kumar and Udayakumar Makarla
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065, India.
Accepted 15 January, 2018
Abstract
The transgenic plants of the chickpea (cicer arietinum) cv. KAK-2 expressing a Bt gene, were generated using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system. A tissue culture-independent transformation method, in planta which targets the A. tumefaciens to the apical meristem was used in this study. The protocol involves in planta inoculation of the embryo axes of the germinating seeds and allowing them to grow into seedlings ex vitro. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated the putative transgenic nature of theT1 generation plants. Bioassays against major pests of the chickpea, Helicoverpa armigera revealed several T1 plants that perform well against the larvae. This revealed that 43 of T1 plants harbor the transgene. The seeds of 43 T1 plants were allowed to continue into the next generation amplified gene of interest in most of the plants tested. Enzyme Linked-Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), PCR and Bioassays was used to identify the high expressing plants. These results suggest that the Bt gene was functional in the transgenic chickpea and was being expressed. The study also showed that the chickpea plants harboring the cry1X gene were resistant to Helicoverpa armigera.
Key words: Chickpea, Helicoverpa armigera, transformation, in-planta, tissue culture, synthetic cry gene.
Amrita Raja Vinod Kumar and Udayakumar Makarla, K. N., Asharani , B. M., Ganeshaiah
Page: 1 - 11
https://doi.org/18.46882/AJPB/1048Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Estimation of genetic divergence among some cotton varieties by RAPD analysis
L. Chaudhary1*, A. Sindhu, M. Kumar, R. Kumar2 and M. Saini3
1Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Mithapur, Ambala Cantt., Haryana, India- 133 101.
2Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India.
3Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural System, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale-62901, USA.
Accepted 26 November, 2017
Abstract
Total genomic DNA from 15 cotton varieties were analysed to evaluate genetic diversity among them through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, with 30 random decamer primers using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 370 bands were observed, with 12.3 bands per primer, of which 91.6% were polymorphic. OPM-16 produced the maximum number of fragments while the minimum number of fragments was produced with the primer OPM-18. Cluster analysis by the unweighted paired group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) showed that 15 varieties can be placed in five groups with a similarity ranging from 0.48 - 0.86. Maximum similarity was observed between H-777, H-974 and H-1098 (0.86). Interestingly, these varieties have been developed at one breeding center. The analysis revealed that the intervarietal genetic relationship of several varieties is related to their center of origin. Most of the varieties have a narrow genetic base. These results were well in accordance with previous reported results. The RAPD analysis indicates that it may be a more efficient marker than morphological marker, isozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technology. The results obtained can be used in selecting divergent parents for breeding and mapping purposes.
Key words: Cluster, cotton varieties, diversity, RAPD, genetic similarities.
A. Sindhu, L. Chaudhary*, M. Kumar, R. Kumar and M. Saini
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1047Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (9), pp. 001-009, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic and environmental correlations between bean yield and agronomic traits in Coffea canephora
Anim-Kwapong Esther* and Boamah Adomako
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana.
Accepted 17 December, 2017
Abstract
Early identification and selection of genotypes with high yielding potential is a main breeding objective of Coffea canephora. Eighteen genotypes of C. canephora were assessed in three diverse environments over a 9-years period from 1996 to 2005. Genetic and environmental associations were assessed among 10 vegetative and five reproductive traits and yield. Genetic associations between yields over seven years and vegetative traits, except secondary branches per plant, were positive and significantly correlated with span (rG = 0.65**), girth (rG = 0.60**), diameter (rG = 0.55*) and number of primary branches (rG = 0.53*). The traits exhibited stronger genetic correlations with last 4 - 7 years yields (rG =0.54* - 0.68**) than with first 1 - 3 years yields (rG = 0.38 - 0.47*). Fruit- set observed in three fruiting seasons, when the trees were three, four and six years in the field, was consistently positive and significantly associated with yields over seven years (rG = 0.60**; 0.63**; 0.66**). However, genetic associations between yields over seven years and flowers per node observed in the three fruiting seasons was consistently negative and significant for two seasons (rG = -0.50*; -39; -0.62**). First 1 - 3 years yield was a better predictor (r2G = 0.79***) of yields over seven years, than first 1 - 2 years (r2G = 0.42**) and first year (r2G = 0.012) yield. Selection for potential high yielding genotypes should, therefore, be based on an index involving span, girth, diameter and number of primary branches, first three years yield, fruit -set, and flowers per node. High positive environmental correlations were observed between bean yields and fruit-set, number of fruits per node, number of flowering and fruiting nodes, girth and number of primary branches. However, environmental conditions that reduced yields also increased flowers per node and promoted vegetative growth by increasing secondary branching, span, length, diameter and number of nodes per primary branch. Efficient selection for yield based on vegetative traits should, therefore, be undertaken under optimum growing conditions where there is a better balance between vegetative growth and yield.
Key words: Vegetative traits, reproductive traits, Coffea canephora, genetic correlations, environmental correlations, yields, indirect selection.
Anim-Kwapong Esther*, Boamah Adomako
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1046Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Correlation and path coefficient analyses in sunflower
Abrar B. Yasin* and Shubhra Singh
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Deemed University, Naini Allahabad- 211007 (U. P.), India.
Accepted 06 December, 2017
Abstract
Correlation and path coefficient analyses were studied in twenty four diverse genotypes of sunflower in order to understand the relationship and contribution on eight characters towards the grain yield. The yield kg per plant exhibits highly significant and positive correlation with number of seeds per head, head length in diameter and 1000-seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and head length in diameter had the highest and positive direct effect with yield kg per plant. Hence, the study revealed the importance of number of seeds per head, head length in diameter and 1000-seed weight as selection criteria for improvement of yield in sunflower.
Key words: Correlation, path coefficient, genotypes, Helianthus annuus, genetic interaction.
Shubhra Singh, Abrar B. Yasin*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1045Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 2375-074X Vol. 5 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cry 1Ac levels and biochemical variations in Bt cotton as influenced by tissue maturity and senescence
S. Poongothai1*, R. Ilavarasan2 and C. M. Karrunakaran3
1Department of Biotechnology, Bharath University, Chennai-600 073, India.
2Captain Srinivasa Murthi Drug Research Institute for Ayurvedha and Siddha, Chennai-600 106, India.
3Department of Biotechnology, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai-600 073, India.
Accepted 11 November, 2017
Abstract
Quantification of Cry 1Ac protein in two field-grown Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton hybrids (MECH-184, RCH-2) was performed in relation to tissue maturity. Leaves of upper, middle and lower canopies and in bolls and bracts attached to the plant were chosen. Similar measurements were also made in fully mature tagged leaves attached to plants in the upper canopy and excised leaf discs. The leaf discs were incubated in the dark following the ELISA method with commercially available kits. Cry 1Ac levels declined with tissue maturity and senescence in both attached and excised plant parts of the Bt cotton hybrids examined. With advancing maturity in leaves attached to the plants till 21 days, steady increase in the levels of chlorophyll and decrease in the amounts of total protein were observed. Moreover, with increasing maturity, the concentration of reducing sugars rise in contrast to decline in total soluble amino acids. On the other hand, in case of the excised leaf discs, while total soluble amino acids exhibited an increasing trend, chlorophyll, total protein and reducing sugar contents decreased gradually.
Key words: Bt cotton, senescence, ELISA, Cry 1Ac insecticidal protein, amino acids, reducing sugars, chlorophyll.
S. Poongothai*, R. Ilavarasan and C. M. Karrunakaran
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1044