ISSN 2375-074X
Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding Vol. 1 (3), pp. 037-043, August, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative effects of water deficit on Medicago laciniata and Medicago truncatula lines sampled from sympatric populations
Mounawer Badri1*, Soumaya Arraouadi1, Thierry Huguet2 and Mohamed Elarbi Aouani3
1Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia. 2Laboratoire de Symbiose et Pathologie des Plantes, INP-ENSAT, B.P. 107, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France.
3NEPAD/North Africa Biosciences Network, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +216 79 325 855. Fax: +21679 325 728.
Accepted 10 March, 2013
Abstract
We evaluated the responses to water deficit of twelve lines of Medicago laciniata and Medicago truncatula including eight lines from four Tunisian sympatric populations of both species, and four references lines of M. truncatula. They were exposed to two water treatments, well irrigated and drought-stress (33% of field capacity) for a period of 45 days. At harvest, we measured five quantitative traits including the length of stems (LS), aerial dry weight (ADW), root dry weight (RDW), RDW/ADW ratio and leaf area (LA). Analysis of variance showed that the variation of measured traits among studied lines was significantly explained by the effects of species, line, treatment, and their interactions. Treatment and species had the largest effects. We also analyzed the broad-sense heritability of the drought response index (DRI), defined as the ratio between the observed values with and without water deficit treatment. DRI of most measured traits had high broad-sense heritability ( H²). The length of stems (LS) was the trait most affected by drought stress, while RDW/ADW ratio was not affected by drought. Generally, few significant differences were observed between DRI values of measured traits between lines within species as well as between lines of M. laciniata and M. truncatula collected from sympatric populations. Most of the correlations established between DRI values were positive. The environmental factors that most influenced variation of DRI values among populations were available phosphorus (P) and mean annual rainfall.
Key words: Medicago laciniata, Medicago truncatula, sympatric populations, lines, drought response index, environmental factors.
Soumaya Arraouadi, Thierry Huguet and Mohamed Elarbi Aouani, Mounawer Badri
Page: 37 - 43
https://doi.org/10.47882/AJPB/1017Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding Vol. 1 (5), pp. 089-097, October, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Review article: Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic manipulation for the nutritional fortification of maize
P. A. Sofi1*, Shafiq A. Wani1, A. G. Rather2 and Shabir H. Wani3
1Directorate of Research, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, 191121, J and K, India.
2Rice Research Station, SKUAST-K, Khudwani, India.
3Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, PAU, Ludhiana, India.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 7 April, 2013
Abstract
Cereals are the only source of nutrition for one-third of the world’s population especially in developing and underdeveloped nations of Sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia. The three major cereals, rice, wheat and maize constitute about 85% of total global cereals production amounting to about 200 million tonnes of protein harvest annually at an average of 10% protein content, out of which a sizeable proportion goes into human consumption (Shewry, 2007). A major concern in case of developing nations is that in most cases, a single cereals crop is the major food staple and as such the nutritional profile of cereal crops assumes great significance. Grain protein content of cereals has a very narrow range with rice (5.8-7.7%), maize (9-11%), barley (8- 15%) and wheat (7-22%) as reported by various workers. In many developing countries of Latin America, Africa and Asia, maize is the major staple food and often the only source of protein. At global level, maize accounts for 15% of proteins and 20% of calories in world food diet. But unfortunately, the nutritional profile of maize is poor as it is deficient in essential amino acids such as lysine, tryptophan and methionine due to a relatively higher proportion of prolamines in maize storage proteins which are essentially devoid of lysine and tryptophan. The reason concerning this is that lysine, tryptophan and threonine are the limiting amino acids in human beings and non -ruminants. Maize is also an important component of livestock feed especially in developed nations where 78% of total maize production goes into livestock feed. Therefore, breeding strategies aimed at improving the protein profile of maize will go a long way in reducing prevalence and persistence of malnutrition in developing world.
Key words: Mucronate, protein, maize, zein.
Shafiq A. Wani, P. A. Sofi, A. G. Rather and Shabir H. Wani
Page: 89 - 97
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1006Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding Vol. 1 (3), pp. 030-036, August, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Variability in sucrose content at grand growth phase in tissues of Saccharum officinarum × Saccharum spontaneum inter-specific hybrid progeny
Vandana Vinayak*, A. K. Dhawan and V. K. Gupta
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Uchani,Karnal.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: +911842380104.
Accepted 17 March, 2013
Abstract
The variability for sucrose content in existing commercial sugarcane germplasm is not large and hence crosses were made between two Saccharum officinarum clones, ‘Gungera’ (cross I) and ‘Keong’ (cross II) with high sucrose content and a clone of Saccharum spontaneum ‘SES 603’ with low sucrose content. A high sucrose commercial var. CoS 8436 was also crossed with a low sucrose var. Co 1148 (cross III). Among the three crosses, only cross I germinated to give healthy twenty nine inter-specific hybrids. Inter-specific hybrids selected from cross I were graded into very high, high, low, and very low sucrose classes on the basis of morphological characters. Also anthrone method of sucrose estimation from internode, Brix value and quality analysis were done on whole sugarcane stem at different growth stages. Rate of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were analyzed using infrared gas analyzer and was found to be high for high sucrose hybrids. Rate of assimilate translocation of sucrose was also estimated with radio-labelled 14C and was found to be highest in the midribs. On this basis, molecular markers for high and low sucrose content ISH-1, ISH-5, ISH-17 and ISH-23 were identified as very high and ISH-10, ISH-11, ISH-12 and ISH-25 as very low sucrose hybrids.
Key words: Inter-specific hybrids, sucrose content, sugarcane, TVD leaf.
Vandana Vinayak, A. K. Dhawan and V. K. Gupta
Page: 30 - 36
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1003Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding Vol. 1 (2), pp. 010-018, July, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Development of new early maturing and high yielding bread wheat lines for growing in newly reclaimed desert areas of Egypt
Kamal A. Khieralla1, Adel M. Mahmoud1 and Talaat A. Ahmed1,2*
1Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
2Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 09 February, 2013
Abstract
Conventional wheat breeding programs aim at developing high yielding cultivars suitable for sowing under stress conditions and poor soils especially in newly reclaimed deserts. The objective of the current study was to develop high yielding and early maturing bread wheat (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) lines adapted to grow in old and new reclaimed desert soils of Egypt. Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) markers were used to detect the genetic variability at molecular level among the new lines as compared to their parents. The promising five lines were evaluated for two years at three locations that is Assiut, Qena and Kafer EL-Shekh districts of Egypt. Grain yield differed significantly among the evaluated wheat lines. Inbred lines Assiut-1, Assiut-2 and Assiut-3 gave significantly higher grain yield as compared with check variety (Giza-168). EST markers showed that the parents and the studied lines had a wide range of genetic variation. Consequently, the EST analysis could be used to detect the genetic variability among parents and the studied lines.
Key words: Bread wheat, expressed sequence tags (EST), grain yield.
Adel M. Mahmoud and Talaat A. Ahmed, Kamal A. Khieralla
Page: 10 - 18
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1004Research Article
African Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN: 2326-7286 Vol. 1 (1), pp. 001-007, June, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Diallel analysis of six agronomic characters in vigna unguiculata genotypes
Daniel Osadeyandhian IDAHOSA1, Joseph Eke ALIKA2
1Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
2Department of Crop Science, University of Benin, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Accepted 12 June, 2013
Abstract
A diallel study was conducted involving 8 genomic cowpea cultivars from diverse geographical origin to identify superior germplasm and develop high yielding varieties. The eight populations and their twenty eight crosses were evaluated in two locations. Data obtained for grain yield plant height, days to flowering, pod length, seed/pod and seed weight were analyzed with Gardner and Eberhart model II. General and specific combining abilities effect were highly significant (P<0.05) for the characters except for grain yield and plant height (GCA). There was a preponderance of dominance gene effects for most characters. Estimates of GCA and SCA effects showed that Ekp-br, 325, ILCA-12648, ILCA-12646 were generally good combiners for most of the yield attributes and can be included in future improvement programmes.
Key words: Additive effects, cowpea, diallel cross, dominance effects, yield characters.
Alika JE, Idahosa DO
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJPB/1001