International Journal of Histology and Cytology

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 4 (10), pp. 353-358, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Use of local cellulosic wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii

Mehmet Akyüz¹* and Abdunnasır Yildiz²

¹Department of Biology, Science Institute, Fırat University, TR 23119- Elazığ, TURKEY

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Dicle University, TR 21280-Diyarbakir, TURKEY.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 27 April, 2016

Abstract

This study investigated the possible use of local cellulosic wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. var. ferulae Lanzi and Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. For the propagation of the main culture, 2.0% malt-extract agar was used whereas barley grains were used for the propagation of spawn. For the formation of basidiocarp, wheat straw (WS), soybean straw (SS) and bran of rice (RB) were used as culture media. Three types of compost were prepared: a mixture of WS-SS (1:1), WS and SS. The three compost types were also supplemented with 5.0 and 10.0% of RB. The shortest mycelium growing period was determined as average 8 days on SS and the longest period was 17 days on WS + 10.0% RB. In addition, the shortest mycelium growing period for P. eryngii var. ferulae was determined as average 12 days on WS + 10.0% RB, while the longest period was 18 days on WS-SS (1:1) + 5.0% RB. The shortest primordium formation period for P. eryngii was determined as 36 days on + 10.0% RB, while the longest period was 95 days on WS + 5.0% RB. In addition, for P. eryngii var. ferulae, there was no basidiocarp formation on any trial after mycelium growth on the compost even after 108 days of culture. The first harvest period for P. eryngii was determined as average 48 days on SS + 10.0% RB, and the total harvest period was 108 days on WS + 5.0% and WS + 10.0% RB. The highest biological efficiency (BE) was 93% on WS-SS (1:1) + 5.0% RB and the lowest BE was 7% on WS + 10.0% RB. The lowest average yield per 100 g of material (70% moisture) was 2.0 g on WS + 10.0% RB, while the highest yield was 28.0 g on WS-SS (1:1) + 5.0% RB. In conclusion, various local agricultural wastes can be used for the cultivation of P. eryngii.

Key words: Cultivation, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae, cellulosic wastes, yield.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 4 (9), pp. 351-352, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Isolation and characterization of cellulose hydrolysing microorganism from the rumen of ruminants

Oyeleke, S. B.* and Okusanmi, T. A.

Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 23 August, 2016

Abstract

Microorganisms that were isolated from the rumen of three different ruminants (cow, sheep, and goat) include Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0%), Bacillus (37.8%), Micrococcus (8.1%) and Streptococcus (44.3%) species for bacteria, while the fungi isolated were species of Fusarium (21.2%), Penicillium (23.4%), Aspergillus (14.7%) and Mucor (40.6%). These organisms were later examined for their ability to hydrolyze cellulose. The results revealed that P. aeruginosa, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Penicillin, Aspergillus, Mucor and Fusarium species were able to hydrolyze cellulose. The study suggests that the rumen of ruminants harbors various microorganisms that are active in cellulose breakdown.

Key words: Ruminants, rumen, cellulose, microorganisms.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 4 (11), pp. 359-367, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of lactose-in-saline infusion on packed cell volume variation during trypanosoma vivax – induced anaemia of cattle

I. A. Umar¹*, I. O. Igbokwe², J. J. Omage³, D. A. Ameh¹, H. O. Kwanashie⁴ and K. A. N. Esievo⁵

¹Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria,

²Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

³Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

⁵Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

*Corresponding  author.   E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +234-802-3586896.

Accepted 09 February, 2017

Abstract

The effect of intravenous infusion of a solution of lactose-in-normal saline on the course of Trypanosoma vivax induced anaemia in Zebu yearlings was investigated. The animals were infected with 11 x 10⁶ trypanosomes by jugular venipuncture and lactose-in-normal saline infusion started on day 6, post-infection (p.i). Three four-hourly doses of 0.5 g lactose/kg body weight were administered to each infected yearling in the experimental group daily for five days, while the infected control yearlings received no lactose-infusion. The experiment was terminated on day 13, p.i. Parasitaemia in the lactose-infused yearlings was scorable throughout the duration of experiment while parasites could not be detected in the blood of the infected control yearlings between days 7 and 9, p.i. Serum free sialic acids (FSA) concentration was also consistently higher in the lactose-infused yearlings than in the lactose-free ones. In the before lactose infusion (BL) period the PCV of the lactose-infused group dropped at a significantly (P < 0.05) faster rate than in the lactose-free one. In the DL (during lactose infusion) period, the rate and magnitude of decline in PCV was significantly lower in the lactose-infused yearlings than in the lactose-free animals. When lactose infusion was stopped (AL) the rate and magnitude of PCV decline became greater in the lactose-infused yearlings than in the lactose-free ones. It was thus concluded that lactose ameliorated anaemia, by inhibiting the sequestration of desialylated erythrocytes from the blood stream of T. vivax-infected yearlings. This manifested in the reduced magnitude and rate of decrease in PCV in the lactose-infused infected yearlings.

Key words: Trypanosoma vivax, trypanosomosis, anaemia, lactose, erythrophagocytosis.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 4 (8), pp. 345-350, August, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension culture of Astragalus chrysochlorus (Leguminoseae)

Neslihan Turgut-Kara¹ and ẞule Arı ^1,2*

¹Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34118, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.

²Research and Application Center for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 34118, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 21 March, 2016

Abstract

In vitro plant regeneration was achieved from embryogenic cell suspension culture of Astragalus chrysochlorus. When 30-day-old aseptically grown seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 1.0 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA), friable callus was formed within two weeks from the mesocotyl of the seedling. After three weeks, proliferated actively growing calli were transferred to MS liquid medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or NAA and subcultured at two week intervals. After two weeks, induction of somatic embryos up to the torpedo stage occured at all tested concentrations of 2,4-D, IAA or NAA. Somatic embryos developed only in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l IAA within two weeks and 2% of globular embryos were developed into the cotyledonary stage embryos. Eighty one percent of somatic embryos cultured in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IAA were found to be diploid by flow cytometric analysis. Plantlet propagation was achieved on half strength MS liquid medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose after four weeks of culture. After a month on half strength MS medium [1.5% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar] 29 of 71 shoots developed into rooted plantlets.

Key words: Somatic embryogenesis, propagation, indole-3-acetic acid, flow cytometry.