ISSN 2756-3707
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of phytohormones and medium on the shoot regeneration from leaf of Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. Ex wall. in vitro
Li Wang1,2,3, Lizhe An1, Yanping Hu2, Lixin Wei2, and Yi Li2*
1Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China.
2Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China.
3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
Accepted 14 July, 2021
Abstract
A procedure for in vitro shoot regeneration was formed from leaves derived from the field grown Swertia chirata and the effects of phytohormones and medium on the regeneration of shoot were tested by an orthogonal experiments. The best result was obtained in the 190-2 medium with 13.32 mM 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.54 mM -naphthaleneacetic acid. The result of orthogonal analysis of variance showed that 6-benzylaminopurine and -naphthaleneacetic acid significantly affected on the shoot regeneration. The propagation rate was 7.75 ± 3.46 when the shoots were cultured on the multiplication medium. The highest rate of shoots was 96.50% on the medium with 5.40 mM -naphthaleneacetic acid. Histological studies showed shoot regeneration took place by somatic embryogenesis.
Key words: Swertia chirata, adventitious shoots, histology, an orthogonal test, leaves.
Lizhe An, Li Wang, Lixin Wei, Yanping Hu, and Yi Li*
Research Article
Reversal of experimental varicocele -induced testicular toxicity by L-ascorbate in rats
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Reversal of experimental varicocele -induced testicular toxicity by L-ascorbate in rats
Saalu, L. C.1*, Oguntola, J. A.1, Babalola, O. S.1 and Oyewopo, A. O.2
1Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM) Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 May, 2021
Abstract
Varicoceles are the abnormal tortuosity and dilatation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus that drain the testis. Varicoceles are variously considered the commonest “correctable” cause of infertility or the commonest “reported” cause of infertility depending on individual viewpoint. Even though the pathophysiology of testicular damage in varicocele has not been completely understood, there is an increasing body of evidence pointing towards the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of varicocele related subfertility. In this study we investigated the role of L-ascorbate (vitamin C) as an antioxidant in rejuvinating the testis following its damage in experimental varicocele. Thirty male Sprague- Dawley weighing 150-200 g were divided into three groups. While the first group had sham operations, experimental varicoceles were established by complete ligation of the left and right main spermatic vein in the later two groups. The third group in addition to varicocele induction had daily gavage administration of 8 mg/kg body weight vitamin C for fifty six days. All animals were sacrificed by decapitation fifty six days after varicocele induction. Testicular weights, testicular volumes, caudal epididymal sperm characteristics, testicular histology and serum hormone levels were evaluated. Results showed that the testes of the rats that were given vitamin C post experimental varicocele had better physiological, biochemical and histological profiles than those of the untreated animals. These results indicate the potency of vitamin C for modulating testicular toxicity in varicocelized animals.
Key words: Varicocele, ascorbic acid, testis, infertility.
J. A., A. O., L. C.*, O. S. and Oyewopo, Saalu , Oguntola , Babalola
Research Article
Evaluation of hyaluronate anti- ulcer activity against gastric mucosal injury
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of hyaluronate anti- ulcer activity against gastric mucosal injury
Fouad Al-Bayaty1*, Mahamood Abdulla2 and Poya Darwish2
1Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi Mara 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia.
2Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 11 May, 2021
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of hyaluronic acid against ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Four groups of adult Sprague Dawley rats were orally pre-treated respectively with distilled water (ulcer control groups), omeprazole (reference group), high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and 0.8% hyaluronic acid gel (experimental groups) one hour before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. Grossly, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with omeprazol, and both types of hyaluronic acid gel, exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal injury. Histological studies of the gastric wall revealed that ulcer control group exhibited severe damage of gastric mucosa; along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with hyaluronic acid gels which showed comparatively gastric mucosal protection, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer. The present finding suggests that high molecular weight hyaluronic acid gel promotes higher ulcer protection.
Key words: Hyaluronic acid gel, cytoprotection, gastric ulcer, histology.
Mahamood Abdulla and Poya Darwish, Fouad Al-Bayaty*
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Repeat-dose effects of Zanthoxylum chalybeum root bark extract: A traditional medicinal plant used for various diseases in Uganda
Ogwang P. Engeu1,3*, Tumusiime Ralph1, Agwaya Moses1, Mugisha Gerosome1, Grace Nambatya Kyeyune1, Galiwango Badru2 and Waako Paul3
1Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 4864, Kampala, Uganda. 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda.
3Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of medicine, Makerere University P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Accepted 28 April, 2021
Abstract
Zanthoxylum chalybeum is a traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments in the African region. In sickle cell disease a decoction of the root bark extract is administered for life. The safety of long term use of this plant is not documented. This study investigated the systemic effects of daily administration of low and high oral doses of the root bark extract of this plant in rodents. Three groups of six young Albino wistar rats each were used. The first and second groups received a daily dose of 100 and 4000 mg/kg of the extract respectively orally for 4 weeks. Animal weight, renal, liver function tests, heamatological indices, plasma electrolytes and tissue pathology were used to assess safety. No serious adverse event was observed with both study doses in the experimental animals. Histology revealed presence of squamous cell growth in the small and large intestines of the rats that received the dose of 4000 mg/kg. This group also showed significant elevations in plasma creatinine, sodium and potassium levels (p< 0.05). Long term administration of low doses of the root bark extract of Z. chalybeum is safe in experimental animals. High doses however may be associated with impaired renal function and intestinal neoplasms. We recommend cautious dosing in traditional use of the root bark extracts of Z. chalybeum as there is a possibility of dose- dependant toxicity. There is need for further studies to document the effectiveness of these extracts in sickle cell disease
Key words: Zanthoxylum chalybeum, safety, repeat dose
Mugisha Gerosome, Tumusiime Ralph, Ogwang P. Engeu*, Agwaya Moses, Galiwango Badru and Waako Paul, Grace Nambatya Kyeyune
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Acute and chronic toxicity of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed powder to adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linne 1757)
Ezekiel O. Ayotunde* and Benedict O. Ofem
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B. 102, Obubra Campus, Calabar, Nigeria.
Accepted 25 February, 2021
Abstract
This experiment determined the toxicity of pawpaw seed powder to adult tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, the most cultivable fish species in Africa. The 96 h static bioassay experiment was conducted to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) for adult Nile tilapia, to pawpaw seed, Carica papaya. Two hundred live, and apparently healthy O. niloticus measuring 11.5 - 14.6 cm total length and 65.6 - 112.4 g were used for the experiment. Eighteen (75 x 45 x 45 cm) glass tanks of 121.5 litres capacity each were filled with 50 litres aerated unchlorinated well water. The toxicant was introduced at different concentrations in triplicate per treatment. The 96-h LC50 of pawpaw seed powder to adult tilapia is 4.2 mg/l with 95% confidence limit of 31.86 – 93.81 mg/l and the maximum admissible toxicant concentrations ranges between 0.042 - 0.42 mg/l, while the total mortality occurred in the concentration of 8 mg/l within 24 h exposure period. Toxic reaction exhibited by the fish includes erratic movement, air gulping, loss of reflex, discolouration, molting, loss of scale, and haemorrhage. The pathologic lesion of gill, skin, liver and kidney includes different level of degeneration of cells, lamellar hyperemia, hyperthrophy of gill arch, shrinkages and dermal erosion and necrosis of skin, while hyperplasia, disarrangement of hepatic cell, necrosis and vacuolation occurred in liver and kidney of adult tilapia O. niloticus. Damages became severe with increasing concentration of C. papaya to fish and time of exposure. There was no significant changes in the water quality during the experiment; the result obtained before the test, during the test and after the test were found close to the water quality parameters of the control. Results of the tests provided baseline information and established safe limits of using C. Papaya seed powder as an antifertility agent in controlling excessive breeding of tilapia in fish farm.
Key words: Toxicity, pawpaw seed, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) adults, tolerance limit, histology, haematology.
Benedict O. Ofem, Ezekiel O. Ayotunde*
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of Cucumis metuliferus E Mey. Ex Naud (Cucurbitaceae) fruit extract on some male reproductive parameters in adult rats
Noel N. Wannang1*, Nanloh S. Jimam1, Steven S. Gyang1, Bukata B. Bukar1 and Saleh Gotom2
1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
2Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Accepted 2 March 2021
Abstract
The effect of the extract of Cucumis metuliferus fruit on some male reproductive parameters was investigated in albino rats. The LD50 of the extract was above 5000 mg/kg body weight when administered orally. Histological studies showed that there was no remarkable change in the testes histology compare to the control. The effects on sperm cells showed a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in total sperm count with an insignificant (P>0.05) increase in viability count in rats treated with 500 mg/kg dose point. On the other hand, 1000 mg/kg dose point produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in total sperm count and viability count compare to control. This result suggests that C. metuliferus fruit extracts could be beneficial in increasing sperm/semen integrity.
Key words: Cucumis metuliferus, sperm count, sperm viability count, testes, male adult rats.
Noel N. Wannang*, Steven S. Gyang, Nanloh S. Jimam, Bukata B. Bukar and Saleh Gotom