International Journal of Histology and Cytology

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A Study of the antioxidant activity, proximate composition and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of unripe false horn plantain products extracts in-vitro 

Sidiqat Adamson Shodehinde¹*and Ganiyu Oboh²

¹Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, P. M. B. 01, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P. M. B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria.

Accepted 20 October, 2022

Abstract

This study sought to assess the proximate composition, antioxidant and inhibitory effect of unripe false horn plantain (Musa paradisiaca) products on Fe²⁺ and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s pancreas. The EC₅₀ of Fe²⁺ chelating, 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and OH free radical scavenging ability were also determined. A portion of the unripe false horn plantain pulps were roasted to form a local meal called ‘boli’ while the other was boiled in water. Thereafter, each portion was sundried and milled into flour. The aqueous extracts of roasted flour (Rf) and boiled flour (Bf) samples were prepared (1 g/20 mL). Proximate composition showed that the Rf had higher ash and fibre content while the Bf had higher carbohydrate, fat, protein and moisture content. The Bf had higher phenolic contents, reducing power, DPPH and OH free radical scavenging ability. The Rf flour had higher vitamin C content, 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and Fe²⁺ chelating ability. Bf had higher inhibitory effect on both the Fe²⁺ and SNP induced lipid peroxidation in pancreas at the concentration tested (1.25 to 6.25 mg/mL). Their strong inhibitory activities, coupled with the antioxidant properties suggest that they could be a cheap source of natural antioxidants and also a means of restoring antioxidant status.

Key words: Antioxidant capacity, Musa paradisiaca, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Seed histology of recalcitrant Eurycoma longifolia plants during germination and its beneficial attribute for hairy roots production

Monica Danial¹, Chan Lai Keng¹, Syarifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee² and Sreeramanan Subramaniam¹*

¹School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia. ²Felda Biotechnology Centre, Felda Agriculture Services Sdn. Bhd.Tingkat 7, Balai Felda, Jalan Gurney 1,54000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Accepted 15 June, 2022

Abstract

Seed morphology and histology analysis of Eurycoma longifolia by light microscopes revealed seeds structures of this important medicinal plant at different growing stages. The seed structures of E. longifolia consist of main regions such as epidermis, hypodermis, storage parenchyma and procambium. The cotyledon of E. longifolia develops into a complex and reticulate vascular system. The seed development phases and the development of the vascular system on the progression of germination provide the insight of the actual and accurate information on the E. longifolia cotyledon development period. This information is essential for using the seed as the source of inoculums for the production of the hairy root cultures. Seeds being the storage organ may facilitate the generation of the hairy roots, as it evidently has the essential features like tracheas, which are the main site of infection for Agrobacterium rhizogenes.

Key words: Eurycoma longifolia, seed, histology, Agrobacterium rhizogenes.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Protective effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on adriamycin - induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats

Saber A. Sakr¹, Hoda A. Mahran¹ and Hawazen A. Lamfon²

¹Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 2 July, 2022

Abstract

The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) upon hepatotoxicity induced in albino rats by the anticancer drug, adriamycin (ADR) was studied. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group was injected intraperitonealy with ADR at a dose level of 2 mg/kg body weight in sterile saline, once per week for 6 weeks. The second group was treated with ADR at the same dose level as those of group 1 followed by oral administration of 1 ml of final aqueous extract of ginger (24 mg/ml) 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Animals in third group were given ginger only and those in the fourth group were served as normal controls. Injecting animals with ADR induced various histological changes in the liver. These changes include congestion of blood vessels, leucocytic infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes and fatty infiltration. Adriamycin caused significant elevation in serum ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) enzymes after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. It also caused an increase in malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation marker) and depletion of the antoxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. Treating animals with water extract of ginger and adriamycin led to an improvement in the histological changes induced by adriamycin together with significant decrease in ALT and AST activity. Moreover, ginger reduced the level of malondialdehyde and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase. The results of the present work indicated that ginger had protective effect against liver damage induced by adriamycin and this is due to its antioxidant activities.

Key words: Ginger, adriamycin, liver, histology, transaminases.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2022. © International Scholars

Full Length Research Paper

Cytoprotective activities of Polygonum minus aqueous leaf extract on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

S. Q. Wasman¹*, A. A. Mahmood², H. Salehhuddin¹, A. A. Zahra² and I. Salmah²

¹Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

²Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Accepted 13 May, 2022

Abstract

Polygonum minus is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many aliments. The present study was performed to investigate anti-ulcer activity of P. minus aqueous leaf extract (PMALE) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Group 1 rats (ulcer control group) were pre-treated with vehicle (distilled water). Group 2 rats (reference group) were orally pretreated with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. Group 3 and 4 (experimental groups) were orally pre-treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg PMALE, respectively. After one hour later, all groups received absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal injury. After an additional hour, all the rats were sacrificed and the gastric juice was collected for determining of pH and mucous weight. The stomachs were examined for gastric ulcer areas. Grossly; the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with either omeprazole or PMALE exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal injury and increase in mucus production. Flattening of gastric mucosal folds was also observed in rats pretreated with PMALE. Histology, gastric wall of ulcer control group revealed severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with either omeprazole or PMALE which showed marked gastric protection, reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. Acute toxicity study with a higher dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. In conclusions, the present finding suggests that PMALE promotes ulcer protection as ascertained by the comparative decreases in ulcer areas, reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer.

Key words: Polygonum minus aqueous extract, cytoprotection, gastric ulcer, histology.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of extensive consumption of hot red pepper fruit on liver of rabbit

Mohamed A. Dkhil^1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy²

¹Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.

²Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 1 May, 2022

Abstract

In the present study, we examined the effects of hot red pepper on rabbit’s hepatic tissue. Rabbits were orally ingested 2 g/Kg hot red pepper every day for 10 days. Hot red pepper induced a significant increase in temperature of rabbits after oral ingestion of each dose. Hepatic tissue damage was recorded through examination of the stained paraffin embedded sections. Inflammatory cellular infiltration and hepatocytic vacuolation were marked in rabbits ingested with the hot red pepper. Histochemical studies reveal a decrease in both of carbohydrates and protein contents in the liver. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were decreased in rabbit due to oral ingestion of hot red pepper. These scientific evidences show that hot red pepper possesses some chemical and pharmacological properties which are capable of inducing liver damage. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, the excessive consumption of red pepper is capable of inducing liver damage and so should be avoided.

Key words: Red pepper, rabbit liver, histology, biochemistry.