ISSN 2756-3707
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Table sugar as an alternative low cost medium component for IN VITRO micro-propagation of potato (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)
Demo, P.1*, Kuria, P.2, Nyende, A. B.3 and Kahangi, E. M.3
1International Potato Centre Sub-Saharan Africa P.O. Box 25171 Nairobi, 00603 Kenya.
2Biotechnology Centre, Kenya Agriculture Research Institute (KARI)-Kenya P.O. Box 57811-00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
3Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Horticulture P.O. Box 6200 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
Accepted 07 June, 2020
Abstract
Most developing countries are limited in maximizing tissue culture technology due to the overhead costs involved. In view of this, the aim of this research was to evaluate alternative cheap sources of carbon and energy in potato culture media in order to reduce the overall cost of micro-propagation. A randomized complete block design was used to compare laboratory grade sucrose with two types of local commercial table sugar, specifically white and brown sugar. Three selected Kenyan potato cultivars, Tigoni, Asante and Kenya Sifa were cultured on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at 3% (w/v) in combination with the 3 different sugars. The variation in growth performance of the cultivars was then observed. Plantlet survival of 100% was recorded after four subculture generations on all sugars for all the cultivars. The mean number of nodes per plantlet was significantly higher in brown sugar for cultivars Kenya Sifa and Asante. Brown sugar enhanced significantly higher mean number of roots per plantlet after four subculture generations for all cultivars. There was no significant difference in percentage of plantlet survival after transplanting for cultivars Asante and Kenya Sifa but significantly lower for cultivar Tigoni on grade sucrose medium. Results also showed that table sugar not only enhanced micro-propagation but also significantly lowered the production input costs by 34 to 51% when compared with the analytical grade sucrose.
Key words: Table sugar, micro-propagation, single node cultures, Solanum tuberosum L.
Kuria , P. , Nyende , Demo , E. M, P.* , A. B and Kahangi
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimization of somatic embryogenesis and selection regimes for particle bombardment of friable embryogenic callus and somatic cotyledons of cassava (MANIHOT ESCULENTA Crantz)
Ibrahim A.B.1*, Heredia F.F.2, Pinheiro C.B.2, Aragao F.J.L.3 and Campos F.A.P.2
1Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, P. O. Box 6039, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
3Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, 70770-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
Accepted 16 June, 2020
Abstract
Although a number of transformation systems and selection regimes have been developed for cassava (MANIHOT ESCULENTA Crantz), they have only been applied in a limited number of genotypes. This limitation of the applicability of the systems is due largely to variation in morphological responses of different genotypes to the regeneration and transformation procedures employed, which underscores the need to study all possible parameters for any given cultivar. Using two cultivars (“Rosinha” and “Bujá Preta”) we made an attempt to improve the frequency of somatic embryogenesis (SE), establish friable embryogenic callus (FEC) lines from developing somatic embryos and evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the antibiotics kanamycin, on secondary somatic embryogenesis (SSE) and of paromomycin, on FEC in proliferation and histodifferentiation media. Further, we report on transient expression of the visual marker gene UIDA following particle bombardment of FEC from ‘Bujá Preta’ and of cut pieces of green somatic cotyledons from ‘Rosinha’, using the plasmid pBI426. Higher number of embryos, which emerged as early as 8 days after culture on MS medium (CIM), was obtained when abaxial part of the explant was in direct contact with the medium as against the adaxial side, and this did not depend on the explant size (0.5 cm² or 2.5 cm²). Highly friable and embryogenic callus was obtained on GD medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) sucrose and 12 mg/L picloram. While paromomycin, at concentration of 60 mg/L arrested the proliferation and histodifferentiation of FEC, kanamycin in CIM containing explants undergoing SSE led to a decrease in their embryogenic potential resulting in tissue death at 50 mg/L. The highest transient expression of UIDA gene in FEC was observed combining plasmolysis, M5 particle and a helium pressure of 1,200 psi, while in somatic cotyledons, the highest expression was observed when M5 particle was used along with the helium gas pressure of 900 psi.
Key words: FEC, Manihot esculenta, somatic embryogenesis, selective agent, transient expression.
Pinheiro C.B., Heredia F.F., Ibrahim A.B.*, Aragao F.J.L. and Campos F.A.P.
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Residues of CymelarsanR in camels (Camelus dromedaries) and Nubian goats infected with T.evansi in Sudan
F. M. Youssif1, T. Hassan2 and O. S. A. Mohammed3
1Central Veterinary Research Laboratories (CVRL) Khartoum-Sudan. P. O. Box 8067, Sudan
2Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. University of Khartoum. P. O. Box 32, Sudan.
3Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Sudan University of Science and Technology. P. O. Box 407, Sudan.
Accepted 17 May, 2020
Abstract
Ninety out of hundred Nubian goats were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi and twenty out of twenty- five camels naturally infected with the same parasite were used in this experiment. Single I / M doses of Cymelarsan were given to four groups at rates of 0.125, 0.25, 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg. Other four groups were also given the drug via I / M route at rates of 0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg / week for two weeks and daily for 8 days. Three groups of camels were given Cymelarsan in single I / M doses at rate of 0.25, 0.612 and 0.125 mg/kg weekly for three successive weeks. Specimens of different tissues, serum, urine and bile were collected immediately after death or slaughter. A weekly slaughter program 14 days post cessation of the drug for surviving animals was conducted for successive five weeks (two goats/ week and one camel / week). Total arsenic of CymelarsanR residues detected in samples was measured. The concentration of arsenic was increased in serum, urine, bile and tissues of goats infected with T. evansi and given Cymelarsan in single I / M doses (0.125 - 0.625 mg/kg) and gradually returned to normal by the end of the experiment. In the remaining groups arsenic concentration in collected samples did not returned to normal level. In camels, the amount of arsenic in the different tissues, serum, urine and bile returned to normal by day 42 of last cessation of the drug. We conclude that camels tend to excrete arsenic from the body more rapidly than goats.
Key words: Nubian goats, camels, Trypanosoma evansi, cymelarsan, residues (arsenic).
F. M. Youssif, T. Hassan and O. S. A. Mohammed
Research Article
Effect of LAWSONIA INERMIS treatment on mice with sarcoma
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of LAWSONIA INERMIS treatment on mice with sarcoma
Mehmet Emin Zumrutdal1, Mehmet Ozaslan2*, Mehmet Tuzcu3, Mehmet Emin Kalender5, Kenan Daglıoglu4, Atilla Akova1, Isık Didem Karagöz2, Đbrahim Halil Kilic2, Omer Colak5 and Fatih Köksal7
1Departmant of General Surgery, Numune Training Hospital, Adana/Turkey.
2Departmant of Biology, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep/Turkey.
3Veterinary Research Institute, 01330 Adana/Turkey.
4Animal Research and Đmplementation Center, 01330 Adana/Turkey.
5Departmant of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep/Turkey.
6Deparment of Biology, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana/Turkey.
7Deparment of Microbiology, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana/Turkey.
Accepted 12 April, 2020
Abstract
LAWSONIA INERMIS commonly is used as cosmetic material. However many studies had shown that L. INERMIS had antitumoural, antimicrobial and anti-tuberculostatic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether L. INERMIS can destroy cancer cells by induction of apoptosis due to decreasing of intracellular H+ ion level or increasing intracellular free radicals and H2O2 levels in cancer cells as a result of oxidative effect or not. We used 70 female Swiss albino mice and divided them into four groups. Group 1 was given only tap water. Group 2 was given only L. INERMIS. Group 3 was given Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells + tap water and Group 4 was given EAT + L. INERMIS. At the result of this study the thickness of subcutaneous lipid tissue, diameters of gluteal mass, the pH levels of gluteal mass, the GSH levels at the liver tissue samples and the MDA levels of the liver tissue samples of these groups were measured. This study showed that, L. INERMIS can be used as a supplementary agent for cancer treatment.
Key words: L. inermis, Ehrlich ascites tumour, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, antitumoral.
Omer Colak and Fatih Köksal, Kenan Daglıoglu, Mehmet Tuzcu, Mehmet Emin Kalender, Isık Didem Karagöz, Atilla Akova, Mehmet Ozaslan*, Äbrahim Halil Kilic, Mehmet Emin Zumrutdal
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
High IN VITRO production of ant-canceric indole alkaloids from periwinkle (CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS) tissue culture
Azra Ataei-Azimi¹*, Babak Delnavaz Hashemloian¹ Hassan Ebrahimzadeh² and Ahmad Majd³
1Biological Department, Islamic Azad University of Saveh Branch, Iran.
2Biological Department, Tehran University, Iran.
3Biological Department, Teacher Training University of Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 15 June, 2020
Abstract
Periwinkle (CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS) is one of the most important medical and ornamental plants in the world. In this investigation, periwinkle seeds, after sterilization were cultured on MS medium. Petiole segments of seedlings (4 day old) were subcultured to medium containing various concentrations of NAA accompanied with Kin and subcultured to regenerate the callus and root. Callus and roots were obtained from petioles in some of treatments. The extracts of callus and roots from different treatments were analyzed by spectrophotometer, TLC and HPLC with respect to the indole alkaloids producing capacity. Alkaloids were produced callus and roots from petiole of C. ROSEUS in the presence of 0.1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/l Kin and NAA. MS with 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l Kin had the highest vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and root organogenesis capacity. But the level of these alkaloids and ajmalicine were very low compared to that in petiole of intact plant, and the level of serpentine was similar. New roots, callus roots, and callus from MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l Kin were subcultured in hormone-free and 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l Kin media and for organogenesis and growth. The most alkaloids amount was produced in new roots and callus roots. The indole alkaloid levels of new roots in new media were higher than in petioles of intact plants. In this study, 10-fold catharanthine, 125-fold serpentine, 0.5-fold vindoline and 0.34-fold ajmalicine were produced by new roots. The most interesting result was presentation of two important ant-cancer dimeric alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine with amounts of 20-fold vinblastine and 6-fold vincristine to compare that in the petioles of intact plants.
Key words: vindoline, vincristin, vinblastine.
Azra Ataei-Azimi*, Babak Delnavaz Hashemloian Hassan Ebrahimzadeh and Ahmad Majd
Short Communication
Effect of different plant hormones on callus induction in Gymnema sylvestris R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae)
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-003, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Effect of different plant hormones on callus induction in Gymnema sylvestris R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae)
Amitava Roy1, Shayak Ghosh1, Madhulina Chaudhuri1 and P. K. Saha2
1Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Section, Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, 1 Urquhart Square, Kolkata-700006 India.
2Department of Botany, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road Kolkata 700009 India.
Accepted 03 June, 2020
Abstract
The use of Gymnema sylvestris as an alternative remedy for diabetes was well known from ancient times in India and the plant is valuable for its pharmaceutical properties. The present study describes callus induction of the plant G. sylvestris using internodal explants and the influence of different plant hormones like 2,4-D, kinetin, IAA, BAP on the growth of calli. Internodes were proved to be the best explant for culture, which were grown on MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) with different concentration of various growth regulators. The standard plant tissue culture protocol for callus culture and/or micropropagation was adopted. The highest efficiency of callus formation was observed in the medium containing different concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin.
Key words: Gymnema sylvestris, tissue culture, micropropagation, plant growth regulators, callus.
Amitava Roy, Shayak Ghosh1, Madhulina Chaudhuri and P. K. Saha