ISSN 2756-3839
Research Article
Botanicals for the management of insect pests in organic vegetable production
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN: 9321-5320 Vol. 3 (4), pp. 207-219, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Botanicals for the management of insect pests in organic vegetable production
Mochiah M. B.1*, Banful B.2, Fening K. N.1, Amoabeng B.W.1, Offei Bonsu K.1, Ekyem S.1,
Braimah H.1 and Owusu-Akyaw M.1
1Entomology Section, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana.
2Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 22 February, 2011
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacies of some botanical products on insect populations associated with two vegetables; Eggplant and Okra. Two field experiments were conducted on-station at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kwadaso, Kumasi, and on-farm at Eatwell farm at Agona-Mampong all in the Ashanti region of Ghana from December 2009 to March 2010 and September to December 2010, respectively. Seven botanical treatments were applied viz; Ecogold (10 ml/l of water); Alata soap (5 g/l of water); Garlic (30 g/litre of water); Neem oil (3 ml/l of water); Papaya leaves (92 g/l of water); Wood ash (10 g/plant stand) and control (no botanical). The experimental set up was a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. Parameters studied included insect pest numbers and their natural enemies, number of days to 50% flowering, plants height at flowering (cm), number of fruits per plant, fruit damage, and mean weight of fruits (g). Major insect pest recorded on the two vegetables included aphids (Aphis gossypii), flea beetles (Podagrica spp), white flies (Bemisia tabaci), fruit borers (Earias sp), cotton strainers (Dysdercus superstitiosus (F.)), variegated grasshoppers (Zonocerus variegatus L.), Urentius hysterricellus (Richter) and shoot and fruit borers (Leucinodes orbonalis Gn). The natural enemies of pests of the two vegetables identified were the ladybird beetles, (Cheilomenes sp) and predatory spiders (Araneae). There were significant percentage reductions in pests for all the botanicals applied (P< 0.05) on both the eggplant and okra plants compared to the control. Generally, plants to which the botanicals were applied produced the highest mean weight of fruits, translating into mean percentage increases in fruit weight ranging between 21 and 59% on both the eggplant and okra plants compared to the control in both growing periods. It is concluded that botanicals such as Ecogold, Alata soap, exotic garlic, neem oil, papaya leaves and wood ash could be effectively considered as pest management options to reduce insect pest populations and increase eggplant and okra productivity.
Key words: Organic vegetables, botanicals, insect pests, beneficial insects.
Banful B., Braimah H. and Owusu-Akyaw M., Mochiah M. B.*, Ekyem S., Amoabeng B.W., Fening K. N., Offei Bonsu K.
Research Article
The role of cockroaches and flies in mechanical transmission of medical important parasites
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 220-226, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The role of cockroaches and flies in mechanical transmission of medical important parasites
Gehad T. El-Sherbini1* and Eman T. El-Sherbini2
1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University Cairo, Egypt. 2Department of Zoology, El Nahda University, Beni Sweif, Egypt.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 23 June, 2011
Abstract
Arthropods can be found on human or animals as ecto-parasites. Vectors can contaminate stored foods and transmit illness, or introduce diseases in new areas. Pet species facilitating infestations, and different risk factors related to infestation were identified. To determine the possible role of insects in dissemination of medically important parasites, study was carried out in residential areas of Khaldyia Village, El–Fayoum governorate, Egypt In 2009 - 2010. Parasites of medical importance were isolated and identified. The cockroaches collected from residential areas were 45 as the control group. A total of 178 cockroaches were collected, over a period of one year. Flies collected from human feces were also observed. Flies were abundant in defecation areas and around houses. This study aimed to isolating parasite objects from the exteriors of the bodies of flies, and Isolation and identification of parasites from internal and external surface of cockroaches, and to investigate parasite transmission rates among flies in an unsanitary community.
Key words: Mechanical transmission, flies, cockroaches.
Gehad T. El-Sherbini*, Eman T. El-Sherbini
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN: 9321-5320 Vol. 2 (4), pp. 167-173, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Variation of resistance to endosulfan in tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora waterhouse (heteroptera: miridae) in the tea plantation of the Sub-Himalayan Dooars, northern west Bengal, India
Somnath Roy1*, G. Gurusubramanian2 and Ananda Mukhopadhyay1
1Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling-734013, India. 2Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl -796009, Mizoram, India.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], entosomnath@ rediffmail.com.
Accepted 09 January, 2009
Abstract
The tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, from the Dooars tea plantations, North Bengal, India, was tested for susceptibility change and resistance development to endosulfan. Six different H. theivora populations collected from six subdistricts of the Dooars and their responses to endosulfan were investigated by probit analysis and compared with those of a susceptible reference strain. Resistance ratio and resistant coefficient for endosulfan ranged from 582.18 - 1504.20 folds and 5.78 - 14.95, respectively (based on LC95). Selection of adults of H. theivora in laboratory to various sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan up to five generations resulted in maximum mortality at highest concentration in every successive generation. The resistance ratio for the fifth generation increased 4.417 fold as compared to first generation. The results indicate that endosulfan should be avoided for managing endosulfan resistance in H. theivora.
Key words: Helopeltis theivora, Dooars tea plantations, susceptibility change, endosulfan, resistance.
Somnath Roy*, G. Gurusubramanian and Ananda Mukhopadhyay
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN: 9321-5320 Vol. 2 (3), pp. 161-166, March, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Diversity of aphids in the central rift valley of Ethiopia and their potential as vectors for Ethiopian Pepper Mottle Virus (EPMV)
Simon Atsebeha, Tameru Alemu* and Ferdu Azerefgne
Hawassa Univeristy, College of Agriculture Department of Plant Sciences, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 02 January, 2009
Abstract
Key words: Aphids, Ethiopian Pepper Mottle Virus, pepper, vector
Simon Atsebeha, Tameru Alemu* and Ferdu Azerefgne
Research Article
Effect of variety and transplanting date on the incidence of insect pests and their natural enemies
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology Vol. 2 (1), pp. 140-148, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of variety and transplanting date on the incidence of insect pests and their natural enemies
Tsai Freya Lui1, P. K. Hsu2*, Cheng I. R3 and Huang Lui C.2
1Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh.
2 Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh 3Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 25 February, 2013
Abstract
Rice is the staple food in Bangladesh. It is attacked by many insect pests which limit its productivity. An experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh in order to investigate the effects of rice variety and planting date on the incidence of insect pests and natural enemies. Three varieties Binasail, Binadhan-4 and TN1 were transplanted on four different dates. Both rice variety and planting date had significant effects on pest incidence. Binasail and Binadhan-4 hosted lower populations of insect pests compared to the other varieties. Early planted rice had lower pests and natural enemy’s population than later-transplanted rice. There were interaction between varieties and transplanting date, while early transplanted BINA dhan4 hosted the lowest population of insect pests, but TNl variety when was cultivated at late season, showed the insect population. In case of natural enemies the highest abundance was observed in the variety of TN1 at 1st transplanting date. The study concluded that early planting resulted in lower incidence of plant and leaf sucking pests and recommended the early planting of BINA dhan4 and Binasail.
Key words: Rice, insect pests, natural enemy, variety, transplanting date, incidence.
Cheng I. R and Huang Lui C, Tsai Freya Lui, P. K. Hsu*
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology Vol. 1 (4), pp. 078-082, September, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Chromosome study in few species of Acridids (Acrididae: Tryxalinae): Karyotypic analysis and distribution patterns of constitutive heterochromatin
Pooja Chadha* and Anupam Mehta
Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab India.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 1 August, 2013
Abstract
Chromosomes with detailed karyotypic information (nature, number, size, relative length, length of X-chromosome, nature of X-chromosome) and C-banding patterns of few species of grasshoppers belonging to sub-familiy Tryxalinae are discussed. The karyotypes comprises of acrocentric chromosomes with complement number 2n = 23 (male). Constitutive heterochromatin distribution was found at centomeric, interstitial, terminal sites along with thick and thin bands among all the species except in Acrida turrita which possessed only centromeric C-bands. The number and location of C-bands in Acridids exhibit intra specific variations. In the present communication the karyotypic analysis and C-banding patterns are analyzed for further differences between genera belonging to the same sub-family.
Key words: Acrididae, orthoptera, C-banding.
Anupam Mehta, Pooja Chadha