International Journal of Nematology and Entomology

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Habitat association and movement patterns of the violet copper (Lycaena helle) in the natural landscape of West Khentey in Northern Mongolia

Gantigmaa Chuluunbaatar¹, Kamini Kusum Barua²* and Michael Muehlenberg²

¹Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Science,Ulan Bataar, Mongolia

²Centre for Nature Conservation, Georg-August University,Gottingen, Germany.

Accepted 23 September, 2019

Abstract

We studied the habitat association and movement patterns of the Lycaenidae species, Lycaena helle using the mark-release-recapture method in a heterogenous natural habitat of West Khentey in Northern Mongolia. Butterfly individuals were collected using nets during a standardized one hour sampling in different biotopes. L. helle was found to predominantly inhabit the wet mesophile grasslands and herb meadows, although moderate occurrences were also recorded in the riparian woodlands, birch forests of the river valley and in the mixed forests of Larix sibirica and Betula platyphylla. We investigated the movement patterns of the Violet Copper within ecologically open landscape and recorded individual occurrences across the different habitat types of West Khentey. The mean distances between first and subsequent captures were found to be greater for both the sexes (107 ± 76 m for females and 44 ± 41 m for males). The single greatest movement between recaptures was 386 m for females and 163 m for males. We could conclude from our studies that L. helle had a more closed distribution range within the natural landscape of our study area as the high plant diversity could be considered to be an important factor restricting their movement patterns as unlike that of their counterparts in fragmented landscapes of Central Europe.

Key words: Lycaena helle, habitat occupancy, mobility, natural landscape.

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Histological study on the body wall of Ascaridia galli (Nematoda)

Zohair I. F. Rahemo* and Sagida S. Hussain

Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

Accepted 13 April, 2019

Abstract

The body wall of Ascaridia galli has been investigated using 1-2 µ thick sections and stained with Toludin Blue. It is found to consist of three layers, cuticle, hypodermis or subcuticle and muscle layer. The cuticle in turn consists of three layers namely cortex or upper layer deeply stained with TB, 1.7 µ in thickness, middle layer or matrix 3.15 µ in thickness with no distinct constitutions, then fiber layer which in turn consists of several layers of dense tissue, its thickness 5.65 µ and settled on basement membrane. On the surface of the cuticle plugs a transverse annuli which divide the body into annuli, the distance between each two 0.22 µ each annulus is divided by three subannuli, large anterior 0.124 µ in length and other two are small, middle and posterior 0.047-0.054, 0.045-0.054 µ respectively. The hypodermis or dermis is thin and not well developed and of syncytial type and its nuclei are constricted to the longitudinal cords that is, dorsal, ventral, and two laterals. Mainly these nuclei are present in the lateral cords and longitudinal excretory canals which pass through these cords. The hypodermis become more thicker as proceed posteriorly to reach 2 - 3 µ in thickness in the inter-caudal region as well as thicker in the four longitudinal cords protruded in the pseudocoel and reach the maximum thickness near the nerve ring. In addition to these cords there also four secondary cords which divide the muscle groups into 8 sectors and. Moreover lateral cells in the middle of the body are larger and more prominent becoming pyriform clusters or cup -shaped forming lateral hypodermal glands. The average depths of these glands are 97 µ in male and 148 µ in female. A canal or duct arises from each gland the two canals united to open together and a prominent cuticular pominance is seen near the opening of these glands.

Key words: Ascaridia galli, cuticle, nematode, layer, cortex.

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

DNA content of several bermudagrass accessions in Florida

Wenjing Pang¹*, William T. Crow¹ and Kevin E. Kenworthy²

¹Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, United States.

²Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0500, United States.

Accepted 09 March, 2019

Abstract

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is widely used on golf courses and sport fields in Florida. Most cultivars used on golf courses are triploid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) resulting from hybridizations between tetraploid common bermudagrass and diploid African bermudagrass. In order to breed and develop bermudagrass cultivars with superior characteristics, it is essential to know the ploidy levels of available bermudagrass accessions and select fertile ones. The objective of this study was to determine the DNA content and ploidy level of bermudagrass germplasm accessions in the University of Florida germplasm collection to aid in future cultivar breeding. Flow cytometry was used to determine the nuclear DNA contents of 48 bermudagrass accessions, and one diploid (2%), 19 triploid (40%), 24 tetraploid (50%), one pentaploid (2%) and three hexaploid (6%) accessions were identified. The range of the nuclear DNA contents was 1.17, 1.38 to 1.61, 1.94 to 2.24, 2.47 and 2.64 to 2.75 pg/2C nucleus^-1 for the respective ploidy levels. As such, tetraploid and hexaploid accessions could be utilized for future breeding efforts. The triploid accessions could be the results of mutations that have occurred in existing commercial bermudagrass cultivars or from natural hybrids between diploid C. transvaalensis and tetraploid C. dactylon.

Key words: Cynodon spp., flow cytometry, nuclear DNA content, ploidy level.

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 5 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An assessment of the use of formulations of the microbial agents Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus in the control of larvae of mosquitoes that cause malaria and filarial diseases

Felix Jerry Akpabey* and Michael Ocran

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)- Water Research Institute (WRI), Environmental Biology and Health Division, P. O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.

Accepted 25 June, 2019

Abstract

Two biological formulations of microbial agents Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus known by their trade names as Vectobac 12 AS and VectoLex CG (Corn Cob) granules, respectively were obtained from Abbott Laboratories of North Chicago, USA. The B. sphaericus formulation was used in trials against Culex mosquito larvae in choked gutters at Labadi, Ashaiman and Nungua in the Greater Accra Region, whilst the B. thuringiensis formulation was used against Anopheles sp. in paddy rice fields at Akuse. The results indicate a 99 to 100% mortality of all larvae with both B. thuringiensis and B. sphaericus for 5 to 16 days after applying the formulations at the breeding sites. Only small quantities of the products were needed to kill hundreds of larvae within 24 to 48 h. The formulations act on filter-feeding and grazing aquatic insect larvae after ingestion. They do not affect non-target aquatic insects and they are entirely harmless to humans. In this report, larvicide control using bio-larvicides has been proposed as one reliable method of reducing disease prevalence by killing the larvae at their breeding sites thus interrupting the life cycle of the mosquito vector at the larval stage.

Key words: Mosquito, larvae, formulations, breeding site.

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 5 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Contribution of mosquito vectors in malaria transmission in an urban district of Southern Cameroon

Eric Moise Bakwo Fils^1,2*, Patrick Akono Ntonga^2,3, Philippe Belong⁴ and Jean Messi²

¹Département des Sciences de la vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Maroua. P. O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroun.

²Laboratoire de Zoologie, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroun.

³Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes Animaux, Département de Biologie des Organismes Animaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Douala, P. O. Box 2701, Douala, Cameroun.

⁴Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun.

Accepted 09 June, 2019

Abstract

In order to observe the role of vectors in malaria transmission in an urban area, a 12-month longitudinal entomological survey was conducted from January to December 2007 at Ekombitié, a central district of Ebolowa, south Cameroon. Mosquitoes captured indoors by human volunteers were identified morphologically. Among the 14.468 mosquitoes captured, three vectors were identified: Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles funestus. A. gambiae was the most aggressive species with 38.72 bites per human per night. A. gambiae s.l. was the main malaria vector at Ekombitié with 86.72% of total transmission, followed by A. moucheti (12.38%) A. funestus (0.9%). Malaria transmission occurred throughout the year and was due each month to at least two vector species, A. gambiae s.l. (98 infective bites/human/year) and A. moucheti (14 infective bite/human/year) being always involved.

Key words: Malaria, transmission, Anopheles gambiae, Ekombitié, Cameroon.

Key words: Nematodes, soybeans, sugarcane.