ISSN 2756-3839
Research Article
Ijoyah , M. , M. O.* and Koutatouka
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Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Morphological analysis of Ascaridia galli body wall: A histological perspective
Zohair I. F. Rahemo* and Sagida S. Hussain
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Accepted 13 October, 2023
Abstract
The body wall of Ascaridia galli has been investigated using 1-2 µ thick sections and stained with Toludin Blue. It is found to consist of three layers, cuticle, hypodermis or subcuticle and muscle layer. The cuticle in turn consists of three layers namely cortex or upper layer deeply stained with TB, 1.7 µ in thickness, middle layer or matrix 3.15 µ in thickness with no distinct constitutions, then fiber layer which in turn consists of several layers of dense tissue, its thickness 5.65 µ and settled on basement membrane. On the surface of the cuticle plugs a transverse annuli which divide the body into annuli, the distance between each two 0.22 µ each annulus is divided by three subannuli, large anterior 0.124 µ in length and other two are small, middle and posterior 0.047-0.054, 0.045-0.054 µ respectively. The hypodermis or dermis is thin and not well developed and of syncytial type and its nuclei are constricted to the longitudinal cords that is, dorsal, ventral, and two laterals. Mainly these nuclei are present in the lateral cords and longitudinal excretory canals which pass through these cords. The hypodermis become more thicker as proceed posteriorly to reach 2 - 3 µ in thickness in the inter-caudal region as well as thicker in the four longitudinal cords protruded in the pseudocoel and reach the maximum thickness near the nerve ring. In addition to these cords there also four secondary cords which divide the muscle groups into 8 sectors and. Moreover lateral cells in the middle of the body are larger and more prominent becoming pyriform clusters or cup -shaped forming lateral hypodermal glands. The average depths of these glands are 97 µ in male and 148 µ in female. A canal or duct arises from each gland the two canals united to open together and a prominent cuticular pominance is seen near the opening of these glands.
Key words: Ascaridia galli, cuticle, nematode, layer, cortex.
Sagida S. Hussain, Zohair I. F. Rahemo*
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Research Article
Getasew Fekadie and Nigatu Kebede*, Yitagele Terefe, Ketema Tafess
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Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-017, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Varietal diversity and genetic erosion of cultivated yams (Dioscorea cayenensis Poir - D. rotundata Lam complex and D. alata L.) in Togo
Dansi A.1*, Dantsey-Barry H.2, Dossou-Aminon I. 1, N'Kpenu E. K.2, Agré A. P.1, Sunu Y. D.2, Kombaté K.2, Loko Y. L.1, Dansi M.1, Assogba P.1 and Vodouhè R.4
1Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Espèces Animales et Végétales (BIORAVE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Dassa, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 071BP28, Cotonou, Benin.
2Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), BP 1163, Lomé, Togo.
3Bioversity International, Office of West and Central Africa, 08 BP 0931, Cotonou, Benin. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 22 September, 2022
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Poir - Dioscorea rotundata Lam complex; Dioscorea alata L.) is one of the major food crops that significantly contribute to food security and poverty alleviation in Togo. To assess its cultivar diversity and document the performence of existing cultivars vis-à-vis biotic and abiotic factors, 50 villages were randomly selected throughout the country and surveyed. The study reveals the existence of important diversity. The number of cultivars varied from 5 to 51 per village, with an average of 27. Central Region and Region of Plateau were the richest (31 to 37 cultivars on average per village) and the Savannah region, which is highly affected by climate change, was the poorest (7 cultivars on average per village). Based on vernacular names and subject to synonymy, 470 cultivars of D. cayenensis - D. rotundata complex and 134 cultivars of D. alata were identified. The spatial distribution of the diversity was established using Ordinary Kriging modelling approach. The rate of cultivar loss recorded per village was high (37.01% on average) and call for urgent definition of a national strategy to preserve yam diversity in Togo. Through participatory evaluation, the performances of the identified farmer-named cultivars were documented against 21 variables of which 12 were agronomic, three were technological and six were culinary. Very few tolerant or resistant varieties were identified per biotic and abiotic stress, indicating the urgent need to establish a national yam breeding program in Togo. This would help supply the different agroecological zones with performing varieties in relation to their needs. To clarify synonymies, exhaustive germplasm collections followed by morphological and molecular characterizations have been recommended.
Key words: Cultivar loss, diversity, genetic erosion, participatory evaluation, spatial analysis, yam, Togo.
Kombaté K, Sunu Y. D, Dossou-Aminon I, Dansi A*, Dantsey-Barry H, Agré A. P, Assogba P and Vodouhè R, Dansi M, N'Kpenu E. K, Loko Y. L
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Review
Brij Bihari Sharma and Chandresh Chandel, Prem L Kashyap, VK Sharma*, Gulzar S Sanghera
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Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The potential of using botanical insecticides for the control of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
W. Tinzaara1*, W. Tushemereirwe1, C. K. Nankinga1, C.S.Gold2 and I. Kashaija3
1National Banana Research Programme, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, P.O Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda
2CIAT Uganda, P.O. Box 6247, Kampala, Uganda
3Agricultural Research Development Centre, Kachwekano, P. O. Box 421, Kabale Uganda
Accepted 25 September, 2022
Abstract
Crude extracts of chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach L.), mexican marigold (Tagates spp.), water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes, Martius) and Castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) were tested for their effect on weevil mortality, settling responses and oviposition in the laboratory. All extracts of the botanicals did not show significant effects on weevil mortality compared to controls. Weevil settling responses on corms treated with extracts of botanicals compared to controls were statistically similar after 1 h and 72 h of observation. Oviposition was significantly low on corms treated with M. azedarach, Tagetes spp and R. communis compared to controls. Oviposition on corms treated with water hyacinth extracts was not statistically different from oviposition on controls. The data indicates that botanicals possess limited insecticidal properties but the potential of M. azedarach, Tagetes spp and R. communis to control the weevil through preventing oviposition needs further investigation.
Key words: Banana weevil, botanicals, Cosmopolites sordidus, insecticidal plants, mortality.
C.S.Gold and I. Kashaija, W. Tushemereirwe, W. Tinzaara*, C. K. Nankinga
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