International Journal of Nematology and Entomology

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Evaluation of new molecules against scarlet mite, Raoiella indica Hirst in arecanut

B.K. Shivanna1*, B. Gangadhara Naik2, R. Nagaraja3, S. Gayathridevi4, R. Krishna Naik5 and H. Shruthi6

1Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), AINRP(T), ZARS, Shimoga -577204,
Karnataka, India.
2Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), College of Agriculture, Shimoga -577204,
Karnatak, India.
3Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), KVK, Shimoga -577204,
Karnataka, India.
4Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS),
Shimoga -577204 Karnataka, India.
5Department of Computer Science, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Shimoga -577204
Karnataka, India.
6Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS),
Shimoga -577204 Karnataka, India.

Accepted 18 November, 2024

Scarlet mite Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is an important sucking pest on young arecanut palms during dry weather in areca growing tracts. The registered insecticides that provide adequate control of the pests need repeated application in higher doses which result in adverse effects on the environment and health. In order to circumvent the problems, replacement of conventional insecticides with new powerful molecules at lower dose is necessary. Hence, a replicated field experiment was conducted at five different locations for two consecutive years (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). Two sprays each of the new molecules fenazaquin (10EC at 1.5 ml/L), diafenthiuran (50WP at 1.2 g/L) and propargite (57EC at 0.5 ml/L) were compared with wettable sulphur (80% WDG at 2.5 g/L), dicofol (20EC at 2.5 ml/L), azadirachtin1300 ppm (0.03% at 3 ml/L) and untreated control. Pooled results showed that five days after spray, all the treatments recorded significantly less number of mites (per cm2 leaf) as against control. Propargite and diafenthiuran were on par with each other and were significantly superior over dicofol and wettable sulphur by registering the lowest number of mites. Fenazaquin was on par with dicofol and wettable sulphur with less number of mites. However, the botanical azadirachtin recorded maximum number of mites. Results suggested that the new molecules, propargite (57EC at 0.5 ml/L) or diafenthiuran (50WP at 1.2 g/L) can be used for effective management of mites in arecanut. Further, fenazaquin (10EC at 1.5 ml/L) can also be used as an alternative to existing conventional insecticides.

Key words: Raoiella indica Hirst, arecanut mite management.
 

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring Nematode Diversity within Soybean and Sugarcane Agroecosystems in Semi-Arid Zimbabwe

M. D. Shoko1 and M. Zhou2

1Department of Agronomy, Stellenbosch University, Box X1, Matieland, RSA.
2School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Accepted 3 November, 2024

This study was done to investigate the nematode diversity in a soybean-sugarcane production system in a semi- arid region of Zimbabwe. Results indicated that Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Scutellonema had the highest populations per 100 cubic centimeters of soil before the planting of soybeans. Pratylenchus and Criconemella were not present after the harvesting of soybeans. Xiphinema and Scutellonema were absent in the subsequent cane roots. Basically there was a considerable reduction in nematode population in soils after harvesting soybeans

Key words: Nematodes, soybeans, sugarcane.
 

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of the In Vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Daniellia oliveri Against Haemonchus contortus

Kabore Adama1*, Belem A. M. Gaston2, Tamboura Hamidou H.1, Traore Amadou1 and Sawadogo Laya3

1Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/Département Productions Animales (DPA), 04 BP
8645 Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso.
2Institut du Développement Rural (IDR)/Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 3770 Ouagadougou 01,
Burkina Faso.
3Université de Ouagadougou / UFR-SVT, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.

Accepted 12 October, 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate Anogeissus leiocarpus leaf and Daniellia oliveri stem barks as effective remedy for gastrointestinal parasites. The anthelmintic activity of these extracts on eggs, first stage larvae and adults of Haemonchus contortus was examined by in vitro tests. The extracts were prepared to obtain six increasing concentrations. This was done with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for egg hatch, embryonated egg assays (75, 150, 300, 600, 1 200 and 2 400 µg/ml) and adult inhibition of motility assay (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/ml). PBS and levamisole (at 0.125 µg/ml in PBS) were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Both plant extracts induced anthelmintic effects on the three life-cycle stages of H. contortus and these effects were significantly different when they were compared to the negative control group (PBS) (P<0.05). The effect was dose-dependent on egg hatching and first stage larvae (L1) but not on adult worms. Magnitude of effect was proportional to concentration of plant extracts for egg hatching and L1 but not for adult worms. Besides, the results showed that the D. oliveri stem bark extract was more ovicidal and larvicidal than A. leiocarpus leaves. It is concluded that these two plants do really possess anthelmintic properties.

Key words: Anthelmintic, leaf, stem bark, extracts, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Daniellia oliveri, Haemonchus contortus.
 

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Efficacy of Esteya vermicola Isolates in Controlling Pinewood Nematode Infections

Chun Yan Wang, Zhe Ming Fang, Zhen Wang, Li Juan Gu, Bai Shen Sun, Dong Liang Zhang and Chang Keun Sung*

Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, 305-764, Korea.

Accepted 08 November, 2024

Esteya vermicola, as the first recorded endoparasitic fungus of pinewood nematode, exhibits high infection activity and shows potential as a biological control agent to combat the devastating pine wilt disease. However, there is still a paucity of data about this rare hyphomycete. In this article, two E. vermicola isolates, CBS 100821 and CBS 115803, were studied in the morphological characteristics and infection activities against pinewood nematode. Although both isolates parasitized the tested nematode, CBS 115803 showed significantly higher infection effectiveness than that of CBS 100821, to kill all the tested nematodes within 3 - 4 days. As to lunate conidia, a novel germination mode was observed and recorded.

Key words: Pinewood nematode, Esteya vermicola, Infection activity, germination mode of conidia.
 

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The Incidence of Canine Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Algiers, Algeria

Ben-Mahdi Meriem-Hind* and Madani Mohamed

Veterinary National Superior School of Algiers, P. O. Box 161, Hacène Badi, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria.

Accepted 07 September, 2024

Abstract

Heartworm disease is caused by Dirofilaria immitis a zoonotic, vector-borne parasite and one of the most pathogenic nematode parasites of the dog. The epidemiological status of this parasitosis in Algeria stays to this day unknown even though this country has the ideal biotope to the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of D. immitis infection in dogs from Algiers, in the north of Algeria. Blood samples were collected from 184 dogs from November 2006 to September 2007 and were examined by the modified Knott method to detect circulating microfilaria. A total of 34 subjects were microfilaria positive, giving a prevalence value of 18.48%. All the samples were further tested by antigen-ELISA in order to detect dogs with prepatent or occult heartworm infections. The prevalence rose to 24.46% (with 45 seropositives dogs). More male (14.13%) than female (10.33%) dogs were affected in this study, although there was no significant difference between both groups. With regard to general health status, our data showed a high prevalence of 18.48% of asymptomatic carriers of the parasite D. immitis, only 5.98% of the positive samples were from unhealthy dogs. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This first report on the status of D. Immitis infection in domestic dogs in Algiers, suggests that heartworm treatment and adequate prophylaxis should be undertaken to control D. Immitis infection in the canine population of Algiers city in Algeria.

Keywords: Dirofilaria immitis, prevalence, ELISA, sexe distribution, dogs, Algiers.

International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 2756-3839 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The Relationship Between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the Endoparasitic Fungus Esteya vermicola: Attraction Dynamics

Chun Yan Wang, Zhen Wang, Mi La Lee, Zheng Li, Dong Liang Zhang, Lei Liu, Zhe Ming Fang and Chang Keun Sung*

Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, 305- 764, Korea.

Accepted 16 October, 2024

Abstract

The investigations on attraction of nematodes to nematophagous fungi have mostly dealt with the nematode-trapping species and just were limited to the assays on plate. In present study, attraction of pinewood nematodes to the living mycelia of endoparasitic fungus, Esteya vermicola, was investigated. It was confirmed that the living mycelia of E. vermicola were attractive not only to pinewood nematodes on plate, but also to that in the discs of infected pine seedling, dead blocks of infected pine tree, 15 and 30 days infected pine seedlings. Moreover, the volatiles released by E. vermicola also were attractive to pinewood nematodes in 15 and 30 days infected pine seedlings. This study may provide information for the application of E. vermicola as biological control agent of pinewood nematode.

Key words: Esteya vermicola, pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Pinus densiflora, living mycelia, attraction, volatiles.