ISSN 2756-3839
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 4 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Technique on simulation for real time oil palm fruits maturity prediction
Mohd. Hudzari Razali1*, Wan Ishak Wan Ismail1,2, Abd. Rahman Ramli1, Md. Nasir Sulaiman3 and Mohd. Haniff B. Harun4
1Intelligent System and Robotics Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Department of Biological and Agriculture Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Faculty of Science Computer and Information Technology, 43400 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
4Crop Physiology, Biological Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 23 February, 2017
Abstract
This paper is to introduce the new method of procedure in studying the relationship of the mesocarp oil content with the colour skin of oil palm fruit with respect to its maturity. The procedure started after collecting the fruitlets sample from fresh fruit bunches (FFB) during unripe, until overripe stage. The variety of oil palm is PISIFERA (Dura X Tenera). The images on each three age categories of FFB were captured at monitoring area with setting image parameter. NIKON coolpix4500 digital camera with tele converter zooming device was used to capture the image. Subsequently, after the end of the capturing session, the fruitlets were pulled from FFB and sent to analyse for oil mesocarp content. The Soxhlet Extractor Soxhlet apparatus is used to determine the oil content of the fruit based on the experiment of standard bunch analysis procedure. The image will be analysed for optical properties of colour, using developed analysis Graphical User Interface (GUI). Using regression analysis of polynomial 2nd order method, it shows that the optical property of oil palm fruit was significant in determining the oil mesocarp fruit with respect to its degree of maturity.
Key words: Day estimation for harvesting, hue digital value, maturity prediction, mesocarp oil content, oil palm optical properties.
Abd. Rahman Ramli, Mohd. Hudzari Razali*, Wan Ishak Wan Ismail, Md. Nasir Sulaiman and Mohd. Haniff B. Harun
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Using DEA window analysis for performance evaluation of Iranian wood panels industry
Hemmasi A.1, Talaeipour M.1, Khademi- Eslam H.1, Farzipoor Sean R.2 and Pourmousa S. H.1*
1Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University - Tehran, Iran.
2Islamic Azad University- Karaj Branch, P.O. Box 31485-313, Iran.
Accepted 26 October, 2017
Abstract
Wood panel manufacturing is one of the important sectors in Iranian wood industry. The sector faces serious limitations in production technology and raw materials. So the performance of 10 firms of Iranian wood panels industry was evaluated. A DEA window analyses with a free oriented slack-based measure model (SBM) were performed based on financial data collected for the period of 5 years (2002 to 2006). The (firms) decision-making units were ranked based on average of efficiency scores and determination of the trends of their behaviors and stability of performances. The results of estimated efficiency score showed that all decision-making units (DMUs) in wood panel sector were stable (considering low standard deviation). But their trends and stability behaviors showed that almost half of decision-making units were positive. The difference of total range and the efficiency score average showed that many DMUs still were inefficient and reflect a fluctuation in efficiency score.
Key words: Data envelopment analysis, performance evaluation, windows analysis, wood panels industry.
Khademi- Eslam H, Farzipoor Sean R and Pourmousa S. H*, Hemmasi A., Talaeipour M.
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at different plant population densities
Esmaeil Rezaei-Chianeh1*, A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab1, M. R. Shakiba1, K. Ghassemi-Golezani1, S. Aharizad2 and F. Shekari2
1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz-Iran.
2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh-Iran.
Accepted 24 June, 2016
Abstract
In order to determine the best combination and efficiency of resource utilization in intercropping of maize (Zea mays) and faba bean (Vicia faba), a field experiment was conducted as factorial on the bases of randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were intercropped combinations of maize densities (6, 7 and 8 plant/m2) and faba bean densities (30, 40 and 50 plant/m2) and 6 sole-cropped treatments. Two species were intercropped as additive series. The biological and grain yields of maize and faba bean were significantly affected by maize and faba bean densities. Maximum land equivalent ratio (1.97) was attained by 6 maize plants/m2 with 40 and 50 plants/m2 of faba bean intercropping combinations indicating that the area on which monocultures were planted would need to be 97% greater than the area allotted to the intercrop for the two produced the same combined grain yield. The highest standard land equivalent ratio (LERs) produced by intercropping of 8 maize plants with 50 faba bean plants/m2. Maximum RVT (1.31) was obtained in maize and faba bean intercropping with 8 maize and 50 faba bean plants/m2. Whereas, intercropping monetary advantage in comparison with mono cropping was 30%. The combination of 8 maize and 50 faba bean plants/m2 showed the highest profitability and could be introduced as best intercropping system.
Key words: Faba bean, grain yield, intercropping, land equivalent ratio, maize.
A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab, Esmaeil Rezaei-Chianeh*, S. Aharizad and F. Shekari, M. R. Shakiba, K. Ghassemi-Golezani
Page: 1 - 8
Short Communication
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 238-240, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Bio-efficacy of synthetic chemicals, botanicals and microbial derivatives against scale insect Coccus hesperidum Linn. in arecanut
B. K. Shivanna1*, S. Gayathridevi2, R. Krishna Naik3, B. Gangadhara Naik4, H. Shruthi5 and R. Nagaraja6
1Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, AINRP (T), ZARS, Shimoga -577204, Karnataka, India. 2Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, College of Agriculture, Shimoga -577204 Karnataka, India. 3Department of Computer Science, UAS, College of Agriculture, Shimoga -577204 Karnataka. India 4Department of Plant Pathology, UAS, College of Agriculture, Shimoga -577204, Karnatak, India 5Department of Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, College of Agriculture, Shimoga -577204
6Department of Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, KVK, Shimoga -577204, Karnataka, India
Accepted 02 January, 2011
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 9008618461.
Abstract
Ignorance of plant protection in areca palms at early stages can cause considerable loss from the sucking pests, particularly, Coccus hesperidum Linn. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) during unfavorable weather conditions. In order to overcome this, replicated field trials at five different locations were conducted during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Synthetic chemicals (chlorpyriphos 20 EC at 2.5 ml/l, endosulfan 35 EC at 2 ml/l, bupfrofezin 25 SC at 1 ml/l and methomyl 40 SP at 2 g/l), Aazadirachtin 0.03% at 3 ml/ (botanical group) and spinosad 45 SC at 0.5 ml/l (microbial derivative) including an untreated check were imposed twice at an interval of 15 days. Treatmental effects were assessed five days after each spray from 2 cm2 leaf area. Pooled results indicated that all the insecticide treatments were found to be significantly superior over untreated check control by recording the lowest population of scales. Spinosad and bupfrofezin were found to be significantly superior and were on par with methomyl by registering lowest number of scales. Methomyl was on par with ruling insecticide endosulfan and was significantly different from standard check chlorpyriphos with lesser population of scales. Azadirachtin recorded higher scale population than other insecticide treatments. Microbial derivative spinosad and bupfrofezin were found to be effective against arecanut scales than other treatments and can be used in managing arecanut scales.
Key words: Bio-efficacy, synthetic chemicals, botanicals, microbial derivative, Coccus hesperidum, arecanut.
B. Gangadhara Naik, B.K. Shivanna*, H. Shruthi and R.Nagaraja, R. Krishna Naik, S. Gayathridevi
Page: 238 - 240
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 241-249, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Physiological age structures of female anopheline and culicine mosquito populations (Diptera: Culicidae) in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria
1Manyi, M.M*., 1Imandeh, G.N. and 2Dechi, A.A.
1Applied Entomology and Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biology, College of Education, P M B 2008, Katsina- Ala, Benue State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] +2348068128355
Accepted 09 August, 2016
Abstract
Physiological ages of mosquitoes were determined from four localities in Makurdi between July, 2011 and June, 2012. A total of 4,320 adult female Anopheline and Culicine mosquitoes were dissected using standard procedures. Their order of abundance was: Culex quinquefasciatus 2,418 (56.0%) > Anopheles gambiae s.l. 1,040 (24.1%) >Anopheles funestus 641 (14.8%) > ‘unidentified’ Anopheles species 221 (5.1%) respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mosquito species and their abundance. 92.3% of the mosquitoes were parous and varied significantly (P < 0.05) across the four localities. The ages were determined using the number of dilatations along the length of an ovariole of each female mosquito dissected. The age groups were: 1-parous, 2-parous and 3-parous respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the 1-parous and 2-parous age groups, unlike the 3-parous group across the localities and seasons,. These findings indicated that Makurdi is potentially endemic for both malaria and lymphatic filariasis since the physiological ages showed that the mosquito vectors were old enough for the parasites to complete their extrinsic incubation periods within them. This work provides entomological baseline data on mosquito longevity required for implementation and evaluation of vector control interventions in the study area.
Key words: Physiological age, anopheline, culicine, mosquitoes, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Manyi , Imandeh , A.A. , M.M*. , G.N. and Dechi
Page: 241 - 249
Research Article
International Journal of Nematology and Entomology ISSN 9321-5320 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 220-226, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The role of cockroaches and flies in mechanical transmission of medical important parasites
Gehad T. El-Sherbini1* and Eman T. El-Sherbini2
1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University Cairo, Egypt. 2Department of Zoology, El Nahda University, Beni Sweif, Egypt.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 23 June, 2011
Abstract
Arthropods can be found on human or animals as ecto-parasites. Vectors can contaminate stored foods and transmit illness, or introduce diseases in new areas. Pet species facilitating infestations, and different risk factors related to infestation were identified. To determine the possible role of insects in dissemination of medically important parasites, study was carried out in residential areas of Khaldyia Village, El–Fayoum governorate, Egypt In 2009 - 2010. Parasites of medical importance were isolated and identified. The cockroaches collected from residential areas were 45 as the control group. A total of 178 cockroaches were collected, over a period of one year. Flies collected from human feces were also observed. Flies were abundant in defecation areas and around houses. This study aimed to isolating parasite objects from the exteriors of the bodies of flies, and Isolation and identification of parasites from internal and external surface of cockroaches, and to investigate parasite transmission rates among flies in an unsanitary community.
Key words: Mechanical transmission, flies, cockroaches.
Gehad T. El-Sherbini*, Eman T. El-Sherbini
Page: 220 - 226