ISSN 2756-3251
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 2756-3251 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-012, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biochemical characterization of two -mannosidases from breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds
Amedée Pascal Ahi1, Jean Tia Gonnety1, Betty Meuwiah Faulet1, Lucien Patrice Kouamé1 and Sébastien Niamké2*
1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Aliments de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments de l’Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Filière Biochimie-Microbiologie de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences de l’Université de Cocody-Abidjan, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
Accepted 21 November, 2019
Abstract
The importance of -mannosidases in glycoproteins processing and their application in food and pharmaceutical industry led us to further explore plant -mannosidases. Thus, two -mannosidases were purified from matured breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds, by successive chromatography on Diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephacryl S-200 HR to apparent homogeneity. The two isoenzymes named Ma and Mb had native molecular weights of approximately 75 and 60 kDa, respectively. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these -mannosidases resolved a single protein band with molecular weights estimated to be 75 kDa for isoform Ma and 61 kDa for Mb. Breadfruit -mannosidases had optima pH (5.6) and temperature (60°C), and appeared to be stable in presence of some detergents such as Hexansulfonic acid sodium salt, Polyoxyethylen-9-lauryl ether, Nonidet P40, Triton X-100 as well as Ca2+ and Zn2+. The effect of -mannosidase inhibitors on the two isoenzymes showed that swainsonine and 1,4- dideoxy-1,4-imino mannitol at 0.01 mM totally inhibited their hydrolytic activity, while kifunensine and deoxymannojirimycin at the same concentration had no effect on these enzymes. Substrate specificity tests revealed that the enzymes exerted only -mannosidase activity and cleaved - (1,2); -(1,3) and -(1,6) linked mannobiose. Since breadfruit seed -mannosidases were sensitive to furanose transition state analogs such as swainsonine and 1,4- dideoxy- 1,4- imino mannitol and showed broad substrate specificity, these enzymes would belong to class II -mannosidases.
Key words:-mannosidases, Artocarpus communis, breadfruit, purification, characterization.
Lucien Patrice Kouamé and Sébastien Niamké*, Jean Tia Gonnety, Amedée Pascal Ahi, Betty Meuwiah Faulet
Page: 1 - 12
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 2756-3251 Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Quantitation of alcohols in orange wine fermented by four strains of yeast
Okunowo, Wahab Oluwanisola* and Osuntoki, Akinniyi Adediran
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos. P.M.B. 12003. Lagos. Nigeria
Accepted 15 November, 2019
Abstract
Gas liquid chromatography was used to identify the types of alcohol present in wines produced by fermenting orange juice with four strains of yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae (isolated from yam), S. cerevisiae (from sugarcane molasses), Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (from sugarcane molasses) and S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus (from orange juice). Ethanol and methanol were the predominant alcohols. The ethanol content was highest, 90.38% with S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus and least, 81.49% with S. cerevisiae (from sugarcane molasses). The methanol concentration varied between 9.51% with S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus and 14.93% with S. carlsbergensis. The other alcohol detected, isopro-panol was generally negligible; 0.10 to 0.25% except with S. cerevisiae (from sugarcane molasses) which produced it as 5.46% of the total alcohol. The total alcohol was highest, 6.50 ± 0.15% with S. carlsbergensis and least 3.23 ± 0.12 with S. cerevesiae var. ellipsoideus.
Key words: Alcohol types, fermentation, orange wine, Saccharomyces, yeast strains.
Akinniyi Adediran, Okunowo , Wahab Oluwanisola* and Osuntoki
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 2756-3251 Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Lavudine therapy and hepatotoxicity as seen in a Nigerian tertiary antiretroviral treatment centre
Akande A. A1*, Olaosebikan O. F1, Jimoh A. K1, Abdulazeez1, 2Olawumi H. O
1Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1459, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
2Department of Hematology and Blood transfusion Services, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1459, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Accepted 18 April, 2020
Abstract
Hepatic toxicity is a common complication of anti-retroviral treatment in HIV patients, usually indicated or heralded by the elevation of liver transaminases measured in the blood. There had been reported evidence of hepatic toxicity in all the three currently approved classes of anti-retroviral drugs. However, its severity in some cases may warrant stoppage of the treatment. This study assessed the hepato-toxicity among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy with lavudine in a drug treatment centre in Nigeria. Liver function test (LFT) results of patients treated with lavudine (lamivudne, stavudine and nevirapine) antiretroviral drug was collated and analyzed initially as baseline data and later over a period of three months after treatment with lavudine for liver enzymes assessment. Sixty three (63) subjects in all were analyzed, 28 males and 35 females (M: F = 0.8:1) . The results showed that there was a non-significant (p>0.45) decrease in the serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase of the pretreatment LFT compared with the LFT after three months of treatment with lavudine. The levels of serum total protein and albumin showed a concomitant but non-significant (p>0.20) decrease over the same period. Antiretroviral treatment with lavudine may be associated with hepatic enzymes induction but not toxicity at least in the short run, however hepatic function test should be monitored every month for the first three months after starting a new drug regimen and followed by once in six month subsequently for a year.
Key words: Lavudine, hepatotoxicity, treatment centre, HIV /AIDS patient.
Olaosebikan O. F, Abdulazeez and Olawumi H. O, Akande A. A*, Jimoh A. K1
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 2756-3251 Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Temporal and spatial variations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Ni) concentration in the sediment from intertidal zone along the Iranian coasts of the Oman Sea
Fatemeh Einollahi Peer1* and Alireza Safahieh2
1Institute Research of Hamoon International Wetland, Zabol University, Iran.
2Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Oceanic and Marine Science, Khoramshar University of Marine Science and Technology, Iran.
Accepted 20 April, 220
Abstract
In order to determine distribution and seasonal patterns of heavy metals concentration in the intertidal sediment of the north Oman sea, samples of sediment were collected from five different station in August 2007 and February 2008. The samples were oven dried and acid digested. Heavy metals content of acid digested samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometery method. Results showed that mean Cu, Pb and Ni concentration during summer were 38.28 ± 0.37, 50.37 ± 2.41 and 26.90 ± 2.72 µg.g-1 respectively. The average heavy metals concentration in winter was sharply dropped to 16.45 ± 1.77, 13.56 ± 1.24 and 14.68 ± 1.93 µg.g-1 for Cu, Pb and Ni respectively. Though Cu and Ni concentration did not significantly change over various station, seasonal difference between heavy metals concentration in sediment was significant (P < 0.05). It is suggested that Cu and Ni originate from non point sources. The heavy metals concentration in the sediment may hardly be affected by monsoon.
Key words: Heavy metals, intertidal zone, sediment.
Fatemeh Einollahi Peer*, Alireza Safahieh
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 2756-3251 Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of gasoline diesel fuel mixture on the germination and the growth of Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea)
K. L. Njoku*, M. O. Akinola and B. G. Taiwo
Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka Lagos, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 April, 2020
Abstract
The effects of gasoline fuel/diesel mixture on the germination of seeds of Vigna unguiculata, the survival of the seedlings and the growth of the plant were evaluated in this study. It involved adding 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml of mixture of equal proportions of the two petroleum products to 5000 g of soil and sowing seeds of the V. unguiculata in the soils after which the survival and the growth of the plants were evaluated. Although the percentage germination of the seeds of the plant decreased as the quantity of the mixture added to the soil increased only the 40 and 50 ml treatments led to significant reduction of the percentage germination of the seeds (p < 0.05). The seedling survival decreased as the volume of the mixture added to the soil increased with no seedling surviving in the soil treated with 50 ml mixture of diesel and gasoline fuels 38 days after the germination of the seeds. The shoot length of the plant was adversely affected by the mixture of the petroleum products especially at week 9 of growth (p < 0.001). The dry weight of the plants grown in the soils treated with gasoline/diesel fuel mixture increased as the quantity of the mixture added to the soil increased with the 40 and 50 ml treatments having significant effects on the dry matter content and the root length of the plants (p < 0.001). All the treatments significantly inhibited the leaf area development of the plant at week 9 (p <0.001). Significant differences (p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001) were observed among the plants in the different treatments for the different parameters measured. The results obtained in this study showed that spillage of mixture of gasoline and diesel poses threats to the survival and development of plants.
Key words: Gasoline oil, diesel oil, Vigna unguiculata, germination, survival
M. O. Akinola and B. G. Taiwo, K. L. Njoku*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 11 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Removal of chromium and lead from drill cuttings using activated palm kernel shell and husk
Elijah T. Iyagba* and Ogechi S. E. Opete
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Accepted 14 September, 2019
Abstract
Palm kernel shell and Palm kernel husk, two readily available agricultural waste products have been used as low-cost potential adsorbents to remove chromium and lead from drill cuttings. Batch adsorption studies were carried out as a function of parameters such as pH, contact time and carbon dosage. Chromium and Lead removal was found to be pH dependent with the optimum pH for Chromium removal being 3 while that of Lead was 5 for both Activated carbon materials. Equilibrium time was attained at 90 min for the activated palm kernel shell and 120 min for the activated palm kernel husk. Maximum adsorption was attained at an adsorbent loading of 4 g. The equilibrium adsorption data obtained were measured with the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms and the experimental data were found to best fit the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 = 91.947% for Cr with APKS, 86.39% for Cr with APKH, 89.37% for Pb with APKS and 96.74% for Pb with APKH. The intensity of adsorption for chromium was 1.3744 with APKS and 1.5511 with APKH while that for lead was 1.5087 with APKS and 1.6199 with APKH. The results show that a large proportion of Chromium and lead were adsorbed at low concentration of the adsorbate in solution and, therefore indicates a good potential for the application of agricultural wastes for heavy metal removal from drill cuttings.
Key words: Drill cuttings, heavy metals removal, palm kernel shell, adsorption.
Ogechi S. E. Opete, Elijah T. Iyagba*
Page: 1 - 9