ISSN 2756-3251
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetics of yield and related traits in bread wheat over different planting dates using diallel analysis
Farhad Ahmad1, Saleem Khan1*, Abdul Latif, Hakim Khan1, Ayub Khan2 and Akhtar Nawaz3
1Agricultural Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan.
2Departmenf of Agriculture, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan.
3Hazara Agricultural Research Station, Abbotabad, KPK, Pakistan.
Accepted 28 July, 2011
Abstract
An 8x8 diallel experiment was conducted on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to ascertain the genetic mechanism of yield and its related traits. The observations were recorded on days to heading, productive tillers plant-1, number of grains spike-1, grain yield plant-1 and 1000-grain weight. The experiment was planted in randomized complete block design in three replicates. F-test declared significantly different means for all traits. Analysis of genetic components revealed significant additive (D) and dominant (H) genetic variations for days to heading, productive tillers plant-1, number of grains spike-1, grain yield plant-1 and 1000-grain weight under all three environments. Under normal planting both additive (D) and dominant (H) components were significant for productive tillers plant-1 and grain yield plant-1, while under late planting significant additive (D) and dominant (H) components were found for number of grains spike-1. Graphical analysis revealed additive gene action with partial dominance for days to heading and 1000-grain weight under early and normal planting. Negative intercepts of regression lines indicated non-additive gene action with over dominance for days to heading and 1000-grain weight under late planting, for productive tillers plant-1 and grain yield plant-1 under normal planting and for grains spike-1 under late planting. Genetic analyses of traits confirm the involvement of additive and non-additive gene effects in governing the inheritance of these traits.
Key words: Diallel analysis, genetic analysis, breed wheat, yield components of wheat.
Farhad Ahmad, Saleem Khan*, Hakim Khan, Abdul Latif, Ayub Khan and Akhtar Nawaz
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Relationship between grassland protection and sustaining household livelihoods in Tibet, China
Wang Quanzhen1, Bian Ba Zhuo Ma2, Cui Jian3, Hu Tianming1*, Xu Yuefei1, Xie Guoping4 and Miao Yanjun4
1Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P R China.
2Extension Center of Technology for Livestock in Tibet, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, P R China.
3College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P R China.
4Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Tibetan University, Lingzhi, 860000, Tibet Autonomous Region, P R China.
Accepted 21 November, 2011
Abstract
For investigating how grassland protection influence on sustaining household livelihoods in Tibet, this study to elucidate the source of herdsmen’s income and to test the hypothesis that both grassland protection (GP) and sustaining household livelihoods (SHL) can be achieved in Tibet China. Effects of 9 key predictor variables on the income increment of Tibetan herdsman was analyzed based on 20 years database from 1986 to 2005 (n = 20) (Tibet Statistical Yearbooks, 1996, 2002, 2008 and 2009). Contributions of the nine key variables of per capita main indicators on economic benefit, including annual increment of rural population (x1), annual increment of gross domestic product (x2), annual increment of primary industry product (x3), annual increment of gross output value of farming (x4), annual increment of gross output value of forestry (x5), annual increment of gross output value of animal husbandry (x6), annual increment of gross industrial output value (x7), annual increment of gross domestic product of construction (x8), and annual increment of tertiary industry product (x9), to per capita income increment of rural residents (y) were investigated via correlations and path analysis for evaluating if the GP conflict with SHL in Tibet. These results showed that neither direct nor indirect effect of x6 contributes to y. And x6 was irrelative to the income increment; so, it was educed that GP do not contravene SHL; therefore, both of them can be achieved in Tibet.
Key words: Relationship, grassland protection, income increment, sustaining household livelihoods, Tibet.
Cui Jian, Xie Guoping and Miao Yanjun, Hu Tianming*, Xu Yuefei, Wang Quanzhen, Bian Ba Zhuo Ma
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-009, December, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative analysis of production practices and utilization of pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima) by smallholder farmers in the Lake Victoria Basin, East Africa
Alice N. Ondigi1*, William W. Toili2, Afihini S. M. Ijani3 and Stanley O. Omuterema4
1Kenyatta University, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, P.O. Box 43844, 00100 GPO. Nairobi, Kenya.
2Masinde Muliro University of Science And Technology Department Of Science And Mathematics Education P.O. Box 190 - 50100, Kakamega, Kenya.
3Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P. O. Box 3024,Arusha, Tanzania.
4Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology,Centre For Disaster Management And Humanitarian Assistance, P.O. Box 190 – 50100,Kakamega, Kenya.
Accepted 08 September, 2011
Abstract
Study was carried out in 2007 in four districts of Lake Victoria Basin: Busia, Gucha, Tarime and Jinja. Rapid participatory appraisal approaches were used to assess the socio-economic, cultural, gender and environmental aspects related to cultivation, storage and utilization of pumpkins by the native communities living in the four selected districts. It was observed that majority of the farmers in the Lake Victoria basin do not consider pumpkins as first priority food crop as much as it is not considered as a viable commercial crop because it was ranked a fifth food crop in Jinja, Gucha and Tarime and sixth food crop in Busia while 96.4, 98.1 and 59.5% of the farmers in Busia, Gucha and Tarime, respectively reported that pumpkins was being planted for domestic consumption. Many of the pumpkin farmers in the districts appreciated the crop’s nutritional and medicinal values since they said that pumpkins provided vitamins, minerals, starch and proteins up to 57, 32, 39 and 5%, respectively. It was found that pumpkins were mostly grown by low income members of the community who mainly utilize the leaves as vegetables and occasionally consume the fruit when cooked. Pumpkins were stored in raw form by carefully harvesting them with the stalk still attached. Management of the pumpkin stores was a prerogative of the female in all the areas the research was carried out. Pumpkin farmers stored seeds for future planting. Planting of pumpkins in the Lake Victoria basin was done during the long rains and the crop performed well in loamy soils. In isolated cases the crop thrived in clay and sandy soils an indicator of its resilience in various climatic conditions.
Key words: Pumpkin, ethnobotanic studies, nutritional value, medicinal value, gender, culture, environmental.
William W. Toili, Alice N. Ondigi*, Afihini S. M. Ijani and Stanley O. Omuterema
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-004, December, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Socioeconomic constraints to sustainable cocoyam production in the Lake Victoria Crescent
Serem, A. K.1, Palapala, V.2, Talwana, H.4, Nandi, J. M. O.3, Ndabikunze, B5 and Korir, M. K.1
1Moi University, Department of Economics and Agricultural Resource Management, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
2Masinde Muliro University, Biological Sciences Department, P. O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya.
3Masinde Muliro University, Social Sciences Department, P. O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya.
4Makerere University, Department of Crop Science, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
5Sokoine University, Dept of Food Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Accepted 14 July, 2011
Abstract
Cocoyam production has the potential of significantly improving the food security status and income levels of farmers in the Lake Victoria region. The study covered various areas of the three East African states, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania as follows: Kisumu, Kakamega and Siaya districts in Kenya; Bukoba in Tanzania; and Mukono, Wakiso and Kampala in Uganda. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from a total of 283 respondents. Results showed that farmers had an adequate level of education that enabled them utilize cocoyam production technologies. However, land scarcity was the major factor limiting cocoyam cultivation. This was attributed to the fact that cocoyam cultivation was restricted to wetlands, which was already a limited resource in the region. Other factors such as diseases, weeds, pests, scarcity of labour, unavailability of extension services and planting material and improved varieties, among others influenced the production of the crop. Research and development agencies in the study area need to develop appropriate cocoyam production technologies to mitigate existing constraints
Key words: Cocoyam production, social and economic constraints, Lake Victoria region.
H , Ndabikunze , Palapala , V , A. K, M. K, Serem , Nandi , Talwana , B and Korir, J. M. O
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 001-010, November, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sustainable wetland resource utilization of Sango Bay through Eco-tourism development
Nyakaana Jockey Baker
Geography Department, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +256-772-489513.
Accepted 18 August, 2011
Abstract
Defining and achieving sustainable development is a major issue for policy debates both in the developed and developing countries. Eco- tourism as an important niche market in the world tourism industry has been embraced by developing countries like Uganda, which are trying to use tourism as an engine of national development. It embraces environmental conservation, maintenance of biodiversity, a satisfying experience for the visitors, study and appreciation of nature and sustainable community development. Eco-tourism development is expected to achieve three major goals (3P) namely: Profits (economic), People (Social cultural benefits to communities and tourists) and Place (biodiversity conservation). Based on a research conducted in Sango Bay wetland of Rakai district in Uganda, this paper evaluates the socio-economic benefits of consumptive utilization practices of wetland resources, the recreation and Eco-tourism potential of the wetland, its sustainability and contribution to poverty reduction among the surrounding communities. Secondary data from diverse sources was used to complement primary data collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) questionnaires and Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques. The results indicate dominance of consumptive resource utilization practices and the failure to reduce poverty levels. The eco-system is rich in flora and fauna which are important for eco-tourism development. Potential eco-tourism projects, which can be introduced in the wetland for sustainable resource utilization and poverty reduction, are proposed.
Key words: Ecotourism, sustainable tourism development, poverty reduction.
Nyakaana Jockey Baker
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Consumption, indigeneous knowledge and cultural values of the lakefly species within the Lake Victoria region
Monica A. Ayieko* and Veronica Oriaro
Maseno University, P. O. Box 333-40105, Maseno.
Accepted 17 June 2011
Abstract
Of the edible insects, lakeflies (Chaoborus and Chironomus sp) are least documented as items of human consumption. They are eaten by the Luo communities living within the Lake Victoria basin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of lake flies as a source of food and its role in cultural practices. Edible Diptera species were identified, indigenous knowledge documented, and its cultural value analyzed. Data was collected in Nyanza Province within the Lake Victoria region in Kenya. The most commonly consumed type are Chaoborus sp. and Chironomus sp. Emergence of the flies is used to predict rainfall, and the size of swarms to predict the amount of rain, and the villagers prepare accordingly for cropping. Women feed their weak children with the Chaoborids biscuits to gain strength. Witchdoctors claim to use flies as lucky charms in business and romance. Some traditional medicine practitioners also add the fly powder to their concoctions to cure certain ailments. They claim that adding a portion of the fly to herbal medicine enhances efficacy. Major challenge in utilization of insects is their seasonality and difficulties in collection. The flies have economic potential for the natives of clean lake waters region.
Key words: Lakeflies, entomophagy, indigenous knowledge, cultural values, Lake Victoria.
Veronica Oriaro, Monica A. Ayieko*
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