Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of resistance in wheat germplasm to the aphids, Sitobion avenae based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) TOPSIS and cluster methods

Chun-Ping Wang^1,2, Qian Chen¹, Kun Luo¹, Hui-Yan ZHao¹*, Gai-Sheng Zhang¹ and Rebonoang ’Mantaoleng Tlali ³

¹College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China.

²College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P. R. China.

³Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa.

Accepted 15 February, 2019

Abstract

Sitobion avenae is the dominant and destructive pest in wheat production regions in China. Therefore, breeders developed new and high resistant varieties to ensure stable yields. In this paper, thirteen comprehensive agronomic characteristics of twenty-two wheat germplasm resources were investigated, and the data for the resources collected in the latest two years were treated with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS method) and cluster analysis. The priority order of alternatives ranks obtained from the TOPSIS method and aphid index analysis is the same. The order of alternatives ranks is as follows: Yumai70>Amigo>186Tm>Xiaoyan22>PI>Donghan1>98-10-35>…>Datang991>Qianjinzao. It was also found that the examined 22 wheat germplasm resources could be agglomerated into four clusters. Five good germplasm, namely 186Tm, Yumai70, AMIGO, Xiaoyan22, 98-10-35, could be used directly or as parents for breeding wheat varieties for resistance to S. avenae. Furthermore, the results showed TOPSIS analysis and cluster analysis are highly consistent with each other. But TOPSIS method is the best comprehensive method for the evaluation of resistance in wheat breeding to the aphids.

Key words: Wheat (Triticum aestivum), germplasm resources, agronomic characteristic, Sitobion avenae, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method, cluster analysis.

Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Pedotransfer functions for point estimation of soil moisture characteristic curve in some Iranian soils

Hamid Reza Fooladmand

Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 09 January, 2019

Abstract

Soil moisture characteristic (SMC) curve is a basic soil property. Since its direct measurement is costly and time-consuming, an alternative to measurement is to estimate this property indirectly, using the more easily available soil properties. These methods are called pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Point PTFs estimate the water content of the soil at different matric potentials. For this study, twenty soil samples from the topsoils (A horizons) were selected from different locations in Fars province, South of Iran, and SMC curve of each soil was measured with the combination of hanging column for matric potentials of 0 (saturated soil moisture content), 3, 6, 9 and 12 kPa and pressure plate methods for matric potentials of 30, 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 kPa. Also, the particle size distribution curve of each soil was measured and the percentages of clay, silt and sand, and the geometric mean particle-size diameter of each soil was determined. Then, three PTFs were derived based on clay or sand fraction of the soil or geometric mean particle- size diameter, saturated soil moisture content and bulk density for point estimation of SMC curve. To evaluate the proposed PTFs another five independent soils were used. The results showed that, the PTFs for point estimation of SMC curve based on clay content were appropriate for soils with clay, silty clay and silty clay loam textures, and the PTFs based on sand content were appropriate for soils with loam and sandy loam textures.

Key words: Soil moisture characteristic curve, pedotransfer functions, clay, sand, saturated soil moisture content.

Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of compost made with sludge and organic residues on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi density

Luna Zendejas Héctor Santos^1,2, Solís Oba Myrna¹*, López Wong Wenndy¹, Vera Reyes Andrea² and González Prieto Juan Manuel³

¹Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada-Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México.

²Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México.

³Centro de Biotecnologia Genómica, Reynosa Tamaulipas Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México.

Accepted 08 February, 2018

Abstract

In this study we evaluated five composts prepared with two sludge: from a beverage factory and from a paper industry; they were mixture with organic residues from a pepper canned and corn stubble. Composts were tested over yield of common bean and population of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Mixtures of residues and sludge were composted during four months producing a non phytotoxic material with good physical and chemical properties. Bean cultivated with the application of three composts growth higher than control (without compost). Considering the bean production it was higher in plots applied with composts 1, 2 and 5 compared with control, these show high nitrogen content. In plots applied with the five composts the number of AM fungi spores found was higher than in control. We demonstrate that the use of sludge to make compost is an interesting way to take advantage of residues and a manner to improve the soil properties, because the organic matter and minerals of waste and sludge could be transformed into compounds that could recover the soil fertility.

Key words: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi, compost, bean, sludge.

Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Fluoride distribution in different environmental segments at Hirakud Orissa (India)

P. C. Mishra¹*, Kumarmani Meher², Dullav Bhosagar² and K. Pradhan³

¹P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar-768019, Orissa, India.

²Rajib Gandhi National Fellow, India.

³Environment Engineer, NTPC, Kaniha, Talcher, Orissa, India

Accepted 10 August, 2018

Abstract

Fluoride is a major pollutant originating from aluminium smelting polluting the air, water and soil. An Aluminium smelter has been operating at Hirakud in western Orissa since 1958 producing primary aluminium by Horizontal stud Soderberg Technology. Starting with a capacity of 10,000 T of aluminium per annum in 1959 it has increased its capacity to 1,00,000 T in 2007. A detailed investigation undertaken during 2005 - 2006 on fluoride status of Hirakud environment reveals that the fluoride content varied from a minimum of 0.5 to a maximum of 0.65 (ppm) in pond water, 0.4 - 0.60 mg/L in ground water, 88.30 - 191.20 in soil, 23.75 - 65.96 in paddy straw, 15.60 - 70.36 in grass and 10.00 - 44.60 in leaf tissue. The level of bioconcentration of fluoride in relation to surface water ranged from 79.30 in vegetation to 304.21 in leaf tissues.

Key words: Flouride, water, soil, vegetation, bioconcentration.

Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 7675-1686 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Benefits of carbon markets to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in harvested wood products: A case study from Saharanpur, Uttra Pradesh, India

Anindita Bhattacharyya Sarkar^1* and T. R. Manoharan²

¹Forestry, World Wide Fund - India, Secretariat, 172, B, Lodhi Road New Delhi -110003.

²Forest Policy and Economics, World Wide Fund - India, Secretariat, 172, B, Lodhi Road New Delhi -110003.

Accepted 13 August, 2018

Abstract

Harvested wooden handicrafts products have the ability to lock carbon for long time and mitigate climate change. These products are currently eligible for availing benefits from voluntary carbon markets. The market size and opportunities for carbon credits are likely to increase substantially for these products during the post-2012 UNFCCC period. This paper analyses the limitations and opportunities for the wooden handicrafts units in Saharanpur in India in an emerging carbon market scenario. The results of this case study show that these small and medium scale enterprises (SME) can benefit from the carbon markets with the help of an integrated project to address energy efficiency, innovative technologies that reduce waste, improving the quality of supply and sourcing wood from sustainably managed and certified forests and trees outside the forests. It is estimated that the potential benefits from the carbon markets for harvested wood products in Saharanpur is about $ 5. 34 million annually. India’s recent national action plan on climate change provides the policy back up to initiate this and minimise the carbon footprint of the country.

Key words: Harvested wood products, carbon markets, handicrafts.