ISSN 2756-3650
Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-011, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The African trypanosomes ADP-ribosylation factor 1 has species-specific motif signatures and is developmentally regulated
Alex Osanya1, 2*, Roger Pellé1, Francis Chuma1, Clive Wells3 and Noel B. Murphy4
1International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
2University of Nevada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Reno, Nevada, USA 89557.
3Medical College of Wisconsin, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
4Department of Biology, Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
Accepted 16 May, 2019
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family are essential for vesicle formation, intracellular and membrane trafficking and signal transduction. We have cloned and characterized the homologue of Arf1 from Trypanosoma b. brucei, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax. The African trypanosome Arf1 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 546 base pairs, corresponding to a 181 amino acid residue polypeptide. The protein carries conserved motifs in the GTP-binding domains for Arf1 proteins and a myristoylation site in addition to domains specific to trypanosomes. The TbArf1 gene generates a transcript of approximately 0.9 kb that is developmentally regulated. Recombinant TbArf1 expressed in Escherichia coli binds GTP. GDP and GTP were efficient competitors of [a32P]- GTP binding to the protein but not ATP or CTP. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the recombinant TbArf1 revealed a major protein band of about 21 kDa in T. b. brucei and T. congolense lysates and additional weaker binding to proteins of higher molecular weight in both lysates. The protein localizes in endosomal compartments between the nucleus and kinetoplast but in addition it also displays a flagellar localisation. The TbArf1 protein is detected in supernatant of in vitro cultivated parasites.
Key words: Recombinant expression, antibodies, secretion, endocytosis, differential gene expression, GTP-binding.
Roger Pellé, Francis Chuma, Clive Wells and Noel B. Murphy, Alex Osanya*
Page: 1 - 11
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1156Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antioxidant defense of glutamine on myocardial antioxidant status in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats
R. Anbin Ezhilan1,2, R. Rajesh1, D. Rajaprabhu1, B. Meena1, B. Ganesan1,3 and R. Anandan3*
1Department of Biochemistry, International University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Khan Russey Keo, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 12100.
2Vinayaka Missions University, Sankari Main Road, Salem-636308, India
3Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Cochin-682 029, India.
Accepted 27 February, 2019
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major factors involved in the pathogenesis of adriamycin-induced cardiac dysfunction. The present study examined the antioxidant defense of glutamine on myocardial antioxidant status in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats with respect to changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, and the activities of antiperoxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] and glutathione dependent antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] in the heart tissue. Intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin caused a significant (P<0.001) rise in the level of lipid peroxidation in the heart tissue with a concomitant (P<0.001) decline in the level of reduced glutathione and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Oral administration of glutamine significantly (P<0.001) ameliorated these adriamycin induced adverse effects and maintained the level of the evaluated parameters nearly at normal. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that the protective effects of glutamine against the toxicity of the prooxidant antitumor drug, adriamycin, might be attributed at least partially to its antioxidant properties.
Key words: Glutamine, adriamycin, cardiomyopathy, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzymes.
B. Ganesan and R. Anandan*, R. Anbin Ezhilan, R. Rajesh, D. Rajaprabhu, B. Meena
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1155Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-007, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalence of rinderpest in non-vaccinated cattle in Unity State, Southern Sudan
A. S. Ali1*, S. A. Mamdouh1 and A. M. Elhussein2
1Department of Preventive Medicine and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, P.O. Box 32, Sudan.
2General Administration for Veterinary Research and Laboratories, National Veterinary Laboratory, Soba, Khartoum, P.O. Box 8067, Sudan.
Accepted 12 May, 2019
Abstract
In the frame work of the Pan African Control of Epizootics (PACE) Program, a cross-sectional serological survey for rinderpest (RP) was conducted among non -vaccinated cattle in Unity State, Sudan. A total of 280 serum samples were collected from cattle of different ages and both sexes in eight sites between June and December 2004. These sera were tested for antibodies against rinderpest virus (RPV) using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Only . % of the sera were positive to the RPV antibodies in the different locations of the state. An obvious and significant (p<0.05) variation in the prevalence of antibodies to the virus among various locations was noted. A significantly (p <0.01) higher levels of prevalence rates were observed in the age group of 5 to 10 years of cattle compared to other age groups. The results also indicated the prevalence of antibodies to the virus in females is always higher than in the male animals (p<0.05). Our data demonstrated the situation of RP in the unity state, the only locus known to harbor the disease in the country at large. This helped by designing a strategic eradication plan leading to declare Sudan as a RP free country in 2005.
Key words: Rinderpest, c-ELISA, eradication, Unity state, Sudan.
A. S. Ali*, S. A. Mamdouh and A. M. Elhussein
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1154Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-004, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nutritional value of chicken offal as replacement for local fish meal in growing snail
Omole, A. J1., Iji, O. T2., Makanjuola, B. A1., Fapohunda, J. B2
1Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria
2Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, I.A.R. & T., Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 February, 2019
Abstract
A total of ninety growing snails of mean weight 91.23 ± 2.4 g were used to determine the effects of partial or total replacement of local fish meal as a source of protein with less expensive, chicken offal in the diet of growing snails. Completely randomized design was used for the study. The feeding trial had four treatments, C1, C2, C3 and C4 in which fish meal fraction of the diets was replaced at 0, 50, 75 and 100% with chicken offal, respectively. The parameters taken were weight gain and feed intake. Feed conversion ratio, total feed cost, and cost per weight gain were calculated. The trial lasted for twelve weeks. Significant differences were not observed in the mean weekly feed intake of the snails in all the treatments. The mean weight gain in all the treatments was not significantly influenced by the inclusion of chicken offal in the diet (P > 0.005). Total feed cost reduced as the level of the chicken offal increased while the lowest cost/weight gain was observed in C4. The inclusion of Chicken offal in all the diets had no detrimental effect on the animals in all the treatments. Based on the present results chicken offal could replace local fish meal in the diet of growing snail up to 100%.
Key words: Snails, chicken offal, local fish meal, feed utilization, replacement.
Fapohunda , Iji , O. T., J. B, B. A., Makanjuola , A. J., Omole
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1153Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of the developmental and survival rates, adult longevity and oviposition of Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) on cashew
E. A Dwomoh1*, J. V. K Afun2 and J. B Ackonor1
1Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana.
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Accepted 25 March, 2019
Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) has become a very important tree crop in Ghana. It is, however, attacked by several sap sucking insects, including the mosquito bug, Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter. Both the nymph and adult of H. schoutedeni feeding on cashew by sucking the sap from flushing shoots, panicles and immature fruits. The present study investigated the comparative effects of these food sources on the development, survival and oviposition of the species. All the nymphal stages experienced faster rates of development and survival when fed on fruits compared with feeding on flushing shoots or panicles. The adults survived longer and produced higher numbers of viable eggs when fed on fruits or flushing shoots than when fed on panicles.
Key words: Comparison, developmental rate, survival rate, longevity, Helopeltis schoutedeni, cashew.
E. A Dwomoh*, J. V. K Afun and J. B Ackonor
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1152Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of Flufenoxuron, an IGR pesticide on Gallus domesticus embryonic development in ovo
Rouabhi Rachid1*, Djebar-Berrebbah Houria2 and Djebar Mohammed-Réda2.
1Department of biology, Tébessa University, 12000, (Algeria).
2Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Annaba University, 23000, (Algeria).
Accepted 14 February 2019
Abstract
The struggle against the agricultural devastating is increased in few last years and many products are created to kill the harmful insects and bug, without controlling their effect on ecosystem and non -target animals. In present work, we try to investigate the effects of the Flufenoxuron, which is an Insect growth Regulator (IGR) on embryonic development of hen’s eggs as a non -target organism for this pesticide. The pesticide is tested in ovo by injection in the egg air cell of three concentrations in strictly controlled conditions, to show the impact on some biochemical parameters. The treatment with 1, 10 and 20 µg/egg of the pesticide induced some blood parameters perturbations, especially in 10 and 20 µg according to the controls. The 20µg concentration induces the blood serum proteins decreasing, increasing of triglycerides, decreasing of cholesterol and decreasing of Alanine amino transferase (GPT). This concentration induced a great level of embryonic mortality. The 1 and 10µg concentrations perturb (increase/decrease these parameters).
Keywords: Flufenoxuron, IGR, POPs, Gallus domesticus, embryonic development, triglycerides, GPT, toxicity, cholesterol.
Rouabhi Rachid*, Djebar-Berrebbah Houria and Djebar Mohammed-Réda
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1151