ISSN 2756-3650
Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 5 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Factors determining the load of Staphylococci species from raw bovine milk in Khartoum State, Khartoum North, Sudan
Adil M. A. Suliman1 and Tawfig El tigani Mohamed2
1Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Bahr Elgazal, Department of Preventive Medicine and Veterinary Public Health, Sudan.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Accepted 17 April, 2016
Abstract
In this study, 644 raw milk samples were collected from various milk sources of Khartoum state during May 2003 till April 2004. Using the API kits, both coagulase positive and negative Staphylococci (CPS and CNS) were identified. Most of the CPS isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, while the majority of CNS were Staphylococcus epidermidis. 23.8% of the samples were found to be positive to both CPS and CNS while 33.7% of the samples were negative to both CPS and CNS. Forty one percent of CPS isolates was found to be S. aureus and 39% of CNS were S. epidermidis. The coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS) were determined in 45% of the tested samples while coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were found in 44.7% of them, of which 16.5% exceeded the recommended bacterial safety limits for CPS. The highest of the samples that exceeded this limit was found in vendor milk samples (19.4%) while the market milk was 18.4%.
Key words: Staphylococci, bovine, raw, milk, Sudan.
Adil M. A. Suliman, Tawfig El tigani Mohamed
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1067Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 5 (7), pp. 001-018, July, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of nutrient supplementation on biodegradation and metal uptake by three bacteria in crude oil impacted fresh and brackish waters of the Niger Delta
L. O. Odokuma1* and E. Akponah2
1University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
2Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
Accepted 17 March, 2016
Abstract
The effect of nutrients supplements (NPK inorganic fertilizer and poultry litter) on the biodegradation of crude oil and metal uptake by three bacterial isolates (Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp and Aeromonas sp) in crude oil impacted fresh and brackish water aquatic systems of the Niger Delta were investigated. The abilities of these single cultures to reduce the contaminating oil levels as well as to bioconcentrate-associated heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni and Cu) were carried out for a period of 120 days. The effect of the nutrient supplements were monitored and enhanced by periodic re- addition to desired levels. Habitat water samples without nutrient supplements served as controls. Nutrient supplementation resulted in both increased pH as well as increase in biomass. In microcosms containing Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp, total viable cell counts increased while hydrocarbon, pH and the inorganic nutrients decreased. Significant reductions (64 and 82%) in oil and grease levels were obtained in fresh and brackish water respectively that received NPK. for Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Application of poultry litter resulted in 59.7 and 78.7% reductions in fresh and brackish water options respectively for both organisms. However, no significant changes occurred in microcosms containing Aeromonas sp except that counts declined considerably with time. Bacillus and Pseudomonas proved suitable for the uptake of the heavy metals present Aeromonas was unsuitable though it was resistant to the heavy metals. Bioconcentration of heavy metals followed the pattern: Pseudomonas > Bacillus. The pattern of heavy metal uptake by the three bacterial isolates was different in the various treatment options. The uptake of these metals was enhanced by increases in microbial biomass of the isolates. Peak uptake of metals occurred in the exponential phase for Bacillus while for Pseudomonas peak uptake of metals corresponded with the stationary phase. No significant difference in the amounts of heavy metals bioconcentrated when NPK fertilizer was used as supplement than when poultry litter was employed. The initial concentration of metals, pH of the medium as well as the cultural status of the isolates influenced metal uptake. Results indicated that addition of NPK inorganic fertilizer or poultry litter promoted both biodegradation of crude oil by Bacillus and Pseudomonas and heavy metal uptake by Bacillus and Pseudomonas in fresh and brackish water aquatic systems of the Niger Delta.
Key words: Nutrient supplements, bioconcentration, microcosms, heavy metals.
L. O. Odokuma*, E. Akponah
Page: 1 - 18
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1066Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 5 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sequence variant in the KAP 1.1 gene associate with cashmere trait in two cashmere goat breeds
Yani Zhang1,2, Yongxin He1, Peng Xue1 and Yulin Chen1*
1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, Peoples Republic of China.
2College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples Republic of China.
Accepted 19 March, 2016
Abstract
KAP1.1 gene played an important role in determining phenotypes for cashmere quality and productive traits. Here, polymorphisms analysis in the keratin-associated proteins 1.1 (KAP1.1) gene was applied by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods in 540 individuals from Liaoning cashmere goat and Inner Mongolia white cashmere goat. One SNP was detected at the KAP1.1 gene and resulted in three different genotypes. DNA sequencing analysis showed, the sequence of CC genotype was the same to the sequence (X01610) in GeneBank, a novel SNP (g.688T>C) was found in the sequence of TT genotype, and caused synonymous mutation for the amino acid sequence. Statistical analysis demonstrated for cashmere yield, body weight and cashmere fineness of Liaoning cashmere and Inner Mongolia White cashmere goat , TT genotype was significantly higher than CC and CT genotype for cashmere yield (TT: 847.36 g; 716.90 g; CT: 583.66 g) and body weight (TT: 37.25 kg; CC: 31.27 kg; CT: 32.41 kg), there was no difference between three genotypes for cashmere fineness, these results showed that TT genotype could be a favorable marker for early breeding selection of the Liaoning and Inner Mongolia White cashmere goat.
Key words: Cashmere goat, KAP gene, PCR-SSCP, productive trait.
Peng Xue and Yulin Chen*, Yani Zhang, Yongxin He
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1065Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 5 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of two creaming methods for preparation of natural rubber latex concentrates from field latex
S. S. Ochigbo*, R. A. Lafia-Araga and M. A. T. Suleiman
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65 Minna, Post code: 920001, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 November, 2015
Abstract
Natural rubber latex (NRL) concentrates are important raw materials which are being used for the manufacture of products such as gloves, condoms, foams, balloons, catheters, baby soothers, dental dams, latex thread or elastic. Creaming is one of the methods for obtaining latex concentrate from field latex. This paper compares a synthetic creaming agent (sodium alginate) with an agricultural one (Tamarind seed powder), in the production of latex concentrates from field latex. From the results, the value of dry rubber contents (DRCs), which is the major parameter for evaluating extent of latex concentration, was slightly higher for concentrate obtained by Tamarind seed powder (60.10%) than that by sodium alginate (59.10%). This could be attributed to greater water-absorbing capacity of the former than the latter. Overall, the property of latex concentrates obtained from both creaming agents compared favourably with literature.
Key words: Natural rubber, field latex, latex concentrates, creaming, dry rubber contents, Tamarind seeds, sodium alginate.
R. A. Lafia-Araga and M. A. T. Suleiman, S. S. Ochigbo*
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1064Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 5 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Compatibility among early, medium and late bloom almond genotypes revealed by pollen tube growth and fruit set
Yavar Sharafi
Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Department of Horticultural science, Maraghe, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 12 May, 2015
Abstract
Most of the almond (PRUNUS DULCIS, Batch) cultivars and genotypes are self-incompatible and some of them are cross-incompatible, which protect high yield production. In the present study, eighteen Maragheh indigenous almond genotypes with favorable traits were selected for the investigation of compatibility relationships among them, by means of pollen tube penetration to ovary and fruit setting methods. Genotypes were divided into three groups based on their blooming time and pollinated by the pollens of synchronized-bloom genotypes. Fruit set was studied in the field, and pollen tube penetration was studied in the laboratory with florescence microscopy. Experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) and data were analyzed with SAS software. Results showed that all of the genotypes were cross compatible and they could be selected to pollinate each others in almond breeding and orchards establishment programs.
Key words: Almond, cross-compatibility, pollen tube growth, fruit set.
Yavar Sharafi
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1063Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 5 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Inhibition of beta-lactamase enzyme of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by clavulanic acid of Rumex vesicarius L.
A. A. Al Sahli and W. M. Abdulkhair*
Science Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 19 November, 2015
Abstract
This study plays an important role in solution of beta-lactam resistance problem. This aim has been achieved by clavulanic acid production as beta-lactamase inhibitor. Beta-lactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses beta-lactams resistance machinery by secretion of extracellular beta-lactamase enzyme. The present study was begun with collection of eighty nosocomial bacterial isolates from Riyadh hospitals through one year. Nosocomial bacterial isolates were treated by amoxicillin (250 µg ml-1) to determine resistant isolates. Among them fifty amoxicillin-resistant isolates could be found with different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). However, one isolate considers the most potent which has MIC over than 1000 µg ml-1 and also was identified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as P. aeruginosa. Isolated gene of P. aeruginosa has 870 bp. The second phase of this study was begun with collection of six plants which are growing in Saudi Arabia, then were identified by professionals of Science College herbarium, King Saud University. These plants were extracted by methanol and then dried. These plants are Rhazya stricta, Calotropois procera, Maerua crassifolia, Haloxylon salicornicum, Rumex vesicarius L. and Lycium shawii. The plant extracts were tested to detect and determine their antagonistic effect for amoxicillin-resistant P. aeruginosa and of course for its beta-lactamase enzyme. Only one extract of R. vesicarius L. has antagonistic effect for beta-lactamase enzyme. Beta-lactamase inhibitor was purified and characterized as clavulanic acid by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis, infra-red (IR) spectroscopy analysis and elemental analysis. Eventually, amoxicillin-resistant P. aeruginosa was inhibited by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination at 125 µg ml-1 and 128 mg ml-1, respectively.
Key words: Amoxicillin, nosocomial infections, rapid polymerase chain reaction, structure elucidation and xerophyte plants.
W. M. Abdulkhair*, A. A. Al Sahli
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1062