International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 3 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of endo-mycorrhiza (VAM) treatment on growth of tomato seedling grown under saline conditions

Hakan BA AK¹, Köksal DEMĐR², Rezzan KASIM³* and F.Ye im OKAY²

¹Ahi Evran University Vocational School, Department of Greenhouse Production, Kır ehir, Turkey.

²Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 06110, Dı kapı, Ankara, Turkey.

³Kocaeli University, Department of Postharvest Technology, 41285, Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Accepted 21 November, 2013

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of various study doses of mycorrhiza treatment on morphological characteristics and color quality of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) which are grown under 100 nM salinity stress. Two different types of tomatoes “Aspendos F₁” and “Donna F₁” were used in this study. Mycorrhiza treatment was performed by using ROOTS-novozymes endo-mycorrhiza fungus (VAM) to obtain 10, 50 and 100 mycorrhiza plants^-1. VAM treatment prevented the decrease in the length of the plants caused particularly by high level soil salinity, both in Aspendos and Donna species. In both species, the height of the plants which are grown under salt+M50 and salt+M100 conditions became bigger than the control plants and the plants grown under salt conditions. Furthermore, high mycorrhiza treatment also increased the weight of fresh stem and root but had no particular affect on dry stem and root. While chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll quantities of the mycorrhiza treatment with M50 and M100 doses grown under salt conditions were found to be high in comparison to control and salt treatment, carotenoid level was found to be low. Conclusively, mycorrhiza treatment to tomato seedlings which are grown under salt conditions was caused to have seedlings grown by preventing negative effects of salt, and provided a high quality growth and which kept the green color of the seedlings.

Key words: Color, mycorrhiza, Lycopersicon esculentum L., seedling length, root length, weight.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 3 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic dissection of yield and its components in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Ghulam Sarwar¹, Muhammad Baber²*, Nazim Hussain³, Iftikhar Ahmed Khan¹, Muhammad Naeem⁴, Muhammad Aman ullah⁵ and Azhar Ali Khan⁶

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetic, University of Agriculture, Fasialabad, Pakistan.

²Institute of Biotechnology, B.Z. University, Multan, Pakistan.

³Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, B.Z. University, Multan, Pakistan.

⁴Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, B. Z. University, Multan, Pakistan.

⁵Department of Statistic, B.Z. University, Multan, Pakistan.

⁶Pakistan Agricultural Research Center, University College of Agriculture, B. Z. University, Multan, Pakistan.

Accepted 28 February, 2014

Abstract

A 4x4 diallel cross experiment involving three exotic lines that is DPL-775, 71-821 Bulk-OP and Coker-100/A-2 and one local line that is MNH-53, was conducted for genetic analysis of yield and its components in upland cotton, to evaluate the gene action for different agronomic and fiber characters in upland cotton. Additive gene action with partial dominance appeared to control plant height, number of sympodial branches, number of bolls, yield of seed cotton, boll weight and lint percentage, where as over dominance type of gene action was noted for number of seeds per boll, seed index, lint index, staple length, fiber fineness. On over all basis 71-82 Bulk-OP has maximum dominant genes for number of sympodial branches, yield of seed cotton, seed index, lint index and fiber fineness while dominant genes for number of seeds per boll, boll weight, lint percentage and staple length are present in Coker-100/A-2. MNH-53 has maximum dominant genes for plant height and number of bolls while DPL-775 did not possess and dominant genes for any character.

Key words: Gene action, diallel cross agronomic traits, cotton.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 3 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Use IN VITRO gas production technique for assessment of nutritional quality of diets by range steers

M. Murillo¹*, E. Herrera¹, O. Reyes ¹, J. N. Gurrola² and E. Gutierrez³

¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Juárez University of the State of Durango, México.

²CIIDIR-IPN, Unit Durango, México.

³Faculty of Agronomy, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico.

Accepted 14 February, 2014

Abstract

This study evaluated the seasonal changes in the IN VITRO gas production of diets consumed for grazing steers. The gas produced by the soluble fraction “a” and insoluble but slowly fermenting fraction “b”, were highest in summer and fall (p<0.01). The constant gas production rate “c” was affected by season of the year (p<0.01). The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) was affected by season of the year (p<0.05). The IN VITRO gas production is a good indicator of the nutritive quality diet consumed by grazing cattle.

Key words: Steers, grazing, in vitro gas production, rangelands.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 3 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization of paddy soil compaction based on soil apparent electrical conductivity zones

Mastura M.¹*, Amin M. S. M.^1,2 and Aimrun W.¹

¹Smart Farming Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

²Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 22 March, 2014

Abstract

Soil apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) is one of the most common and frequently used measurements to determine field soil variability, especially for precision farming. Soil cone index (CI) is a measure of soil compaction that poses a big challenge for water management in poorly drained soils. The soil compaction affects the root penetration and development of the rice plant. The purpose of this study was to characterize the CI within the EC_a zones for a Malaysian paddy soil. The study of soil compaction and EC_a was conducted on silty clay paddy soil at Sawah Sempadan, Tanjung Karang, Selangor (latitude 3°35'' N and longitude 101°05'' E). Measurement of EC_a and CI were done using Veris 3100 and hand-operated soil cone penetrometer, respectively. The deep EC_a (EC_ad) was compared to the minimum, mean and maximum CI and also within EC_ad zone. The maximum CI was found at 0.147 MPa with average maximum at 0.081 MPa. The results indicate that the hardest layer exists at a depth of 10 to 20 cm. EC_ad in Zone 2 (50 to 100 mS m^-1) showed that the CI values have the highest significant negative correlation with EC_ad. The significant correlation of EC_ad and soil cone index was found at mid range of the soil EC_ad.

Keywords: Zone delineation, paddy field, cone index, regression.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 3 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Energy survey of mechanized and traditional rice production system in Mazandaran Province of Iran

Fazlollah Eskandari Cherati¹, Hoshang Bahrami² and Abbas Asakereh³*

¹Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

²Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

³Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engeenring and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

Accepted 11 April, 2014

Abstract 

The aim of this study is to consider the energy consuming process and factors influencing rice production in semi-mechanized and traditional systems in Mazandaran Province of Iran. Data used in this study were obtained from farmers using a face to face questionnaire method. Results showed that the total energy used for semi-mechanized and traditional rice production system was 67217.95 and 67356.28 MJ/ha, respectively. Based on the results, irrigation and fertilizer in both systems with 50232 and 7610.32 MJ/ha was the most input energy. Total energy output of the traditional method was 127.5 GJ/ha and that of the semi-mechanized was 132.26 GJ/ha. Parallel to the mechanization level of operations that increased, consumption of fuel and machinery energy increased similarly, but the labor and seed energy consumption dropped. The renewable energy in the traditional and semi-mechanized systems was 3168.3 (4.70% total energy) and 2312.1 MJ/ha (3.44%), respectively. Energy ratio and energy productivity in traditional and semi-mechanized systems was 3 and 3.08, and 0.111 and 0.116 kg/MJ 116.0, respectively. Nonetheless, net energy gain and specific energy showed that energy efficiency of semi-mechanized systems was more than the traditional system.

Key words: Energy ratio, rice, net energy gain, energy productivity, mechanization.