International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Meat and Live Animal Export in Ethiopia: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

Kefyalew Alemayehu¹ and Tarekegn Ayalew²

¹Bahir Dar University, Department of Animal Production and Technology, P.O. Box 21 45, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

²Bahir Dar University, Department of Disaster Risk Management, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Accepted 10 October 2022

Abstract

Ethiopia has one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. Due to lack of livestock market structure, performance, prices are poor and inadequate for designing policies and marketing system, the sector has remained stagnant. Despite fluctuations over years, the exports of meat (16,877 tonnes) and live animals (472,041 head) have significantly increased in 2010 -2011 Ethiopian fiscal year, recording a 69 % increment from the previous years. Live animal exports contributed 70% of the earnings while 30% was obtained from meat exports. However, lack of exporting routes and ports, illegal live animal trade, shortage of live animals and lack of appropriate breeding programs are some of the main challenges faced the sector. The presence of large livestock population with diverse and adaptable genotypes, and diverse agro-ecologies for production of different types of livestock; the expansion of agro-industries and the increase of by-product feedstuffs allowing for enhanced productivity; proximity to Middle East countries; high demand for meat and live animals in including the domestic market are some of the opportunities that the sectors have. Therefore, the country would have been benefited more from the sector if the aforementioned challenges have been overcome.

Keywords: Breeding programs, Illegal market, policies, routes.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Value added milk products: Constraints to women in milk micro enterprises in Kenya

Dolphine Odero-Wanga*, Milcah Mulu-Mutuku and Adijah Ali-Olubandwa

Department of Applied Community Development Studies, Egerton University P. O. Box 536, Egerton 20115,Kenya.

Accepted 21 September, 2021

Abstract

As economic crisis deepens in Kenya, more and more women are joining the micro enterprise sector to earn a living. The dairy industry, in particular, provides opportunities for the Kenyan women to operate micro enterprises. However, these women face constraints in their efforts to sell high quality value added milk products. This paper is based on a study carried out in three districts in Kenya: Nakuru, Nairobi and Kiambu. The study used interviews and observations as data collection methods. The findings of the study indicated that women in milk micro enterprises used basic value addition technologies that were operated at low costs but which at the same time hindered their performance in the milk business. The major obstacle to acquiring appropriate technology for value addition was lack of finance. The women had problems accessing credit facilities due to high interest rates and lack of collateral. They also had problems accessing appropriate value addition information due to lack of knowledge on sources of information and lack of time to look for this information. Further, income realized from the sale of milk products was hampered by limited marketing skills among these entrepreneurs. If more income is to be generated from women owned micro enterprises to improve the lot of these women, it is imperative that the above issues are addressed. Value addition technologies targeting women should be relevant, accessible and affordable. Similarly, women entrepreneurs should be facilitated to acquire credit, appropriate training in value addition and marketing skills.

Key words: Women, micro enterprises, value addition, milk products, Kenya.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in southern Mozambique

Alsácia Atanásio-Nhacumbe^1,2*, Maria Consuêlo Carybé Ayres¹, Sabrina Mota Lambert¹ and Bárbara Paraná Souza¹

¹School of Veterinary Medicine-Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador-Bahia, CEP: 40.170-110, Brazil.

²National Centre for Biotechnology and Biosciences (CNBB), Ministry of Science and Technology, High Education and Vocational Training (MCTESTP), Av. Patrice Lumumba, 770, Maputo, Mozambique. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 25 July, 2021

Abstract

Small ruminant production is significantly constrained by gastrointestinal parasites once they cause serious production and economic losses for both small-scale and large-scale farmers in the developing world. The control of helminth parasites is most exclusively based on the use of anthelmintics for the economic production of ruminants. However, the resistance of nematodes to the commonly used groups of anthelmintics represents a threat to the production, particularly for small ruminants. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of albendazole, the most frequently used anthelmintic in Gaza and Maputo provinces in the southern region of Mozambique, in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats between November and December, 2016. Eleven goat farms in Gaza (n = 5) and Maputo (n = 6) were surveyed. The faecal egg count reduction test was used to assess the efficacy of the drug. The flocks were considered resistant when the reduction in eggs per gram of faeces was less than 95% and the lower limit of the confidence interval was less than 90%. Resistance to albendazole was detected in 60% (3/5) of the farms in Gaza province and 83.3% (5/6) of the farms in Maputo province. The percentage of faecal egg count reduction varied from 51 to 97% in Maputo and from 0 to 100% in Gaza in the farms surveyed. In pre-treatment coprocultures, Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were the predominant nematode species. Post-treatment larval cultures indicated that Haemonchus spp. and, to a lesser extent, Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichostrongylus spp., were resistant to albendazole. This study provided further evidence that anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in goats is currently a problem of great significance in this region of the country and that appropriate measures must be taken to reverse the situation.

Key words: Albendazole, efficacy, gastrointestinal parasites, small ruminants, Mozambique.