International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-003, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Histological observations of 24 h oral administration of the extract of Sorghum bicolor on albino rats

¹Owolagba G.K., ²Avwioro O.G., ³Oduola T, ⁴Adeosun O.G., ²Enaowho T.M., ²Wilson J.I., ³Ajumobi KO

¹Department of Histopathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.

³Special Investigations Laboratory, Department of Haematology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

⁵Department of Histopathology, Federal Medical Centre, Ido Ekiti, Nigeria.

Accepted 14 April, 2018

Abstract

The histological effects of oral administration of the alcoholic extract of Sorghum bicolor on albino rats were investigated. The alcoholic extract was dried and resuspended in distilled water and the following quantities were administered orally to the albino rats per kg body weight: 10, 100, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2900 mg while normal saline solution served as control. The rats were dissected after 24 h. Tissues from the heart, liver, and kidney were histologically processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and the sections subjected to histopathological examination. Results showed that albino rats fed with S. bicolor extracts in doses above 2000 mg/kg body weight showed observable changes of varying degrees of congestion in the heart, liver and kidney according to the concentration of doses injected. Lethal dose of 2900 mg/kg was observed arising from periportal inflammation and vacuolation of the hepatocytes.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor extract, lethal dose, albino rats, histopathology.

Key word: Heavy metals, Kor river, water and sediment.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hematological characteristics and correlations of diploid and triploid Caspian salmon Salmo trutta caspius in juvenile stage

Hamid Reza Jamalzadeh¹, Shahrbanoo Oryan² and Mohammad Reza Ghomi³*

¹Department of Marine Biology, Islamic Azad University of Research and Science Campus, Tehran.

²Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University of Research and Science Campus, Tehran.

³Department of Fisheries and Environment, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran.

Accepted 09 November, 2017

Abstract

Hematological analysis can provide valuable knowledge for monitoring the health and conditions of both wild and cultured fishes. The objective of this work was to measure and compare of blood parameters and studying their correlations for Caspian salmon Salmo trutta caspius. The values for Hb and HCT were higher for diploid than triploid Caspian salmon (P < 0.05). Triploidisation in Caspian salmon led to a decrease of erythrocyte number about 16%. Diploid Caspian salmon showed the higher level in WBC count than triploid and also eosinophile, neutrophile, and large-lymphocyte revealed the same results (P < 0.05) and only monocyte resulted no significant difference (P > 0.05) between two ploidies. Lymphocyte individually showed more values for triploid than diploid (P < 0.05). There was not a significant difference ( P > 0.05) in MCV, MCH, and MCHC among diploid and triploid fishes and we found their proportions with greater values for triploid Caspian salmon. The highest and lowest correlation between hematological parameters for diploid Caspian salmon has been found for RBC-MCH (r = -0.81, n = 30, P < 0.05) and RBC-MCHC (r = -0.02, n = 30, P > 0.05), respectively. The greatest and lowest correlation for triploid Caspian salmon were found for MCV-MCH (r = 0.92, n = 30, P < 0.05) and Hb-RBC (r = -0.01, n = 30, P > 0.05), respectively.

Key words: Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, Correlation, Diploid, Hematological parameters, Triploid.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale goats castrated at different ages

Tesfaye Kebede^1*, Tesfaye Lemma¹, Hunduma Dinka¹, Mieso Guru¹ and Amsalu Sisay²

¹Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia.

²Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Science; P. O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia

Accepted 29 October, 2017

Abstract

The study was conducted on thirty six male Arsi- Bale kids of 10.56 ± 0.39 kg initial body weight for 15 months to investigate the effects of age at castration on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The treatments were entire/intact (T1), castration at three (T2), at six (T3) and at nine months of age (T4) . All castrated and entire goats were browsed during day time and supplemented with concentrate at 2.5% of body weight in DM per day. Five goats from each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Age at castration had no significant effect on body weight, total weight gain (TG), over all average daily gain (ADG) and linear body measurements. T1 and T4 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher ADG (g) (113.73 ± 3.53 and 108.50 ± 5.23, respectively) than T2 (92.16 ± 6.20) and T3 (92.16 ± 5.72) at 9 - 12 months of age. There were no significant differences among treatments on most carcass or non-carcasses measurements except for fat deposition, which were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and heavier for entire as compared to castrated groups, respectively. Therefore, castration is important for better fat deposition in carcass than for body weight gain improvement. If castration desired, early castration is recommendable as goats castrated at three months of age had better rib eye area and fat thickness than other castrated groups and intact goats.

Key words: Arsi-Bale goats, carcass characteristics, castration, growth.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of depth and open waters on site selection by wintering waterfowl in freshwater wetlands

D. Sonali Borges* and A. B. Shanbhag

Department of Zoology, Goa University, Goa.

Accepted 21 November, 2017

Abstract

Most attempts to understand site selection by wintering waterfowl in the tropics have centered on food abundance. However, when wintering waterfowl are confronted with a choice of shifting mosaics along the Central Asian Indian migratory flyway, the wetland characteristics favoring selection of some wetlands over the others have been less understood. To obtain an insight into the influence of wetland characteristics like depth, water-spread, open-waters and macrophyte cover on waterbird site selection, a year long study was conducted on 2 lakes situated 3.5 km apart but harboring a differential waterbird population. Curtorim Lake (CuL) (10 ha) and Maina Lake (ML) (7 ha) had a maximum depth of 5.5 m. Their dominant vegetation included Utricularia aurea, Nymphoides indicum and Nymphaea nouchali. The weed Salvinia molesta, present at ML consistently reduced the open-waters to below 45%. At CuL, open waters ranged from 42 - 100%. CuL and ML housed 26 and 22 species of waterbirds respectively of which 18 were common to both lakes. These included pintail ducks, cotton teals, lesser whistling teals, garganeys, pheasant-tailed jacanas and bronze-winged jacanas. The innate wetland attributes showed pronounced variations between the lakes. This played an important role in structuring the waterbird community namely ducks and waterfowl. At both lakes, density of ducks and waterfowl increased significantly with depth and water-spread. At Curtorim Lake, waterbird density decreased significantly when open-waters exceeded 65% but increased as open-waters decreased to 40%. Both parameters remained stable thereafter. At ML, although a negative relation was observed between the waterbirds and open waters it was not statistically significant owing to the consistently high vegetation/weed cover throughout the year. When open -waters fell below 30%, anatids deserted the lake. This indicates that a) 40 - 60% open-water is essential for making lakes waterbird friendly b) innate wetland characters like depth and vegetation cover greatly influence site selection by waterbirds.

Key words: Open waters, water spread, Salvinia molesta, ducks, teals, wading birds, macrophytes.