International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-010, June, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Sequences of potential genes for riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk production features analyzed using molecular phylogenetics

Aditi Sharma^1,2*, S. S. Kanwar¹, M. S. Tantia² and R. K. Vijh²

¹Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill-05, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.

²National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Baldi Bypass, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Accepted 08 April, 2023

Abstract

Domestic buffalo and cattle are two extremely important livestock species in worldwide agricultural production. Despite some similarities with respect to morphologic and genetic characters, cattle and buffalo are divergent evolutionarily and are classified as different genera within the subfamily of Bovinae (Bos and Bubalus). The present study aimed at partial bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of bovini tribe (Bovidae, Bovinae) from cDNA of 7 autosomal genes. Divergence times between cattle and buffalo were estimated using a relaxed molecular clock using calibration points based on best estimates of divergence times in the fossil record for Suina-Ruminantia and Laurasiatheria-Euarchontoglires splits. In the present analysis two calibration points were accessed. The two bovine subtribes consistently resolved themselves as a dichotomous group with strong support for a bifurcation between representatives of bovina and bubalina subtribes. Based on the molecular calibrations divergence time of buffalo and cattle was estimated to be 10.4 MYA. The mouse and rat split was estimated to be 36.6 MYA. The results are in agreement with the previous studies being carried out different research groups.

Key words: Phylogenetics, molecular calibration, bovidae, bovinae, divergence time, buffalo, cattle, laurasiatheria, ruminantia, euarchontoglires.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Key words: Goat, sheep, peri-parturient rise, semiarid.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibiotics found in Panicum maximum and the soil surrounding a poultry manure dumping site in Nigeria's northern savannah zone

Aderinola O. A.*, Akinwumi A. O., Ojebiyi O. O., Sodehinde F. G., Tona G. and Arowoogun A. B.

Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 December, 2022

Abstract

The presence of antibiotics in Panicum maximum and soil around poultry manure dumping site was investigated. The antibiotics investigated were penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. P. maximum and soil samples were collected at distance of 0, 30 and 60 m from the dumping site. Qualitatively, these antibiotics were found positive in all the samples. Decreases in values (quantitatively) were observed for penicillin (38.80-18.46×10 ^-7 µg/kg), streptomycin (20.84-3.86×10 ^-7 µg/kg) and tetracycline (31.58-24.47×10 ^-7 µg/kg) as the distance increased for the Panicum ma ximum around Poultry manure dumping site. Similar decrease in penicillin (19.52--12.26×10 ^-7 µg/kg), tetracycline (20.53-11.19×10 ^-7 µg/kg) and chloramphenicol (16.89-3.38×10 ^-7 µg/kg) as the distance increased in soil around pou ltry manure dumping site were also observed. The pH of the soil collected was between the ranged of 6.10-6.30. The organic matter ranged from 1.91 to 2.38% and organic carbon was also between 1.11 to 1.38%. The study however confirmed that up to 60 m distance from the dumping site antibiotics (tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin, and streptomycin) were present in both P. maximum and soil.

Key words: Panicum maximum, soil, poultry manure, antibiotics.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Features of the buffalo population (Bubalus bubalis) in Kosovo

Bytyqi Hysen*, Muji Skender, Jahja Ardita and Aliu Sali

Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.

Accepted 21 November, 2022

Abstract

Buffalo population in Kosovo belongs mainly to Mediterranean type, which is spread in many countries of the Balkan Peninsula. The basic aim of this study was to characterize the buffalo population in Kosovo and focus on their breeding characteristics. In the past (up to years 80th), this specie played significant role in the Kosovo rural families, mainly used for its products (milk and meat) and work. In the last decade, the number of buffaloes has dropped rapidly for about 20 times less. Now, it is considered that population size is > 400 heads, in total. Buffaloes in Kosovo are characterized by black color, long and rare hair, curved horns, the average ear, shining eyes, and developed udder. The live body weight varies from 500 to 700 kg per mature animal. For the period of about 240 days of lactation, produce approximately 950 kg milk. Females enter in the first lactation after 30 months of age. Under rather extensive environment compared to some countries in Europe, milk production was lower in Kosovo for approximately 66.8%. The fertility traits to a large extent were poorer comparing them on indicators to achieving a 15 month calving interval, as ideal scenario in dairy buffalo breeding. However, there is an indication that this animal was less sensitive to an extensive environment and balanced ratio and a better management may have significantly improved overall traits. Design of the conservation program for this animal and study of the components of their products for their economic effects, and their importance in relation to genetic biodiversity require immediate attention of all stake holders in Kosovo.

Key words: Buffalo, population, identification, breeding, genetic biodiversity.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Key words: Buffalo, food animal, carabeef, black gold.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Relationship between management and field performance of draught animals used for land preparation. An example from South Kordofan State, Sudan

Elsamawal Khalil Makki and Samia Abu-Elgasim Manzool

School of Rural Extension, Education and Development, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan.

Accepted 01 November, 2022

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the association between animal work hours, feeding and other aspects of animal management and care on the field capacity and efficiency recorded by these working animals in Adilling, South Kordofan State, Sudan. The study followed the cross-sectional survey design with a sample of 100 farmers from 10 villages in the locality following the systematic random sampling technique based on geographical location. Data were collected using a formal survey questionnaire in a face to face interview, for literacy reasons, combined with direct field measurements during land preparation. The results revealed that field capacity was significantly related to veterinary care of draught animals (p= 0.001), while the effect of daily work hours and type of animal feed was not significant. Farmers’ status and financial capacity, as expressed by their production, purpose significantly affected field capacity and efficiency (p = 0.033 and p = 0.021, respectively) with 64% of those producing cash crops working at 0.02 – 0.08 ha/h. The majority of the latter group (78%) recorded field efficiencies between 70 and 90%.

Keywords: animal power; husbandry; performance; smallholders; working practices; harness