African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 3 (12), pp. 001-003, December, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Replacement value of Etanda africana seed meal for soybean meal in diet of growing West African dwarf goats

Belewu, M. A.*, Fagbemi, T., Olatunde, B. J. and Otonekwu, I. P.

Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 July, 2016

Abstract

Effect of feeding Etanda africana seed meal on the consumption, weight gain and digestion of West African dwarf (WAD) goats (n=15) were determined in a 56 day feeding trial using a completely randomized experimental design. The E. africana seed meal replaced either 50 or 100% of the soybean meal in diets B and C respectively, while diet A (control) contained 15% soybean meal. Other ingredients in the supplement included rice husks 20%, palm kernel 10%, vitamin-mineral premix 1% and salt 1%. Total dry matter intake and ether extract intake were similar among diets; however, the ether extract intake of diet C was numerically higher compared to the other diets. Conversely, the lignin intake and crude fibre intake were higher for diet C compared to other diets (A and B). Average daily weight gain was similar across the three diets. Digestibilities of crude protein and lignin were greater for diet A (control) than for diets containing E. africana seed meal (P < 0.05). However, digestibilities of crude fibre, ether extract, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre were similar (P > 0.05) in all the three diets. The results of this trial suggest that E. africana seed meal can replace soybean meal in the diet of growing WAD goats.

Key words: Etanda africana seed meal, feed intake, weight gain, digestibility coefficient, soybean meal, WAD goat.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 3 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitic milk and their drug resistance patterns in Adama town, Ethiopia

M. Abera¹, B. Demie¹, K. Aragaw¹, F. Regassa², and A. Regassa¹*

¹Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

²Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 34, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.

Accepted 15 March, 2016

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2008 - April 2009 to estimate the prevalence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, to assess the associated risk factors and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in Adama town, East Shoa, Ethiopia. From 102 markets oriented small holder dairy farms, a total of 300 lactating cows were tested for mastitis using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). One hundred and forty of the cows (46.7%) had mastitis, of which 10.0% (30/300) and 36.7% (110/300) showed clinical and sub clinical mastitis, respectively. The quarter level prevalence was 29.0% (348/1200); from which the clinical form was 5.4% (65/1200) and the subclinical was 25.6% (283/1200). Of the 65 quarters with clinical cases, 18 had blind teats while 47 had active mastitis. A total of 140 (30 from clinical and 110 from subclinical cases) milk samples were collected and cultured for S. aureus of which 59 resulted in growth of the bacterium (10 from clinical and 49 from subclinical cases). Mastitis prevalence showed significant variation among cows of different age groups (p = 0.005), different housing systems (p = 0.000) and at different lactation stages (p= 0.016). Thus, bovine mastitis was more likely to occur in cows above 6 years of age (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 0.9, 13.7), that were kept in muddy houses (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 3.2, 8.9) and were at a lactation stage of above 6 months (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.44, 9.03). The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%) followed by gentamycin (91.7%), kanamycin (88.9%) and streptomycin (86.1%). In contrast, isolates were highly resistant to penicillin (94.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (58.3%) and amoxicillin (36.1%). In conclusion, this study confirms the importance of S. aureus as a mastitis causing bacterium and identifies risk factors associated with the disease in the Ethiopian setting.

Key words: Mastitis, prevalence, risk factors, Staphylococcus aureus, antimicrobial susceptibility test.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 3 (8), pp. 001-010, August, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Reproductive and lactation performances of dairy cows in Chacha Town and nearby selected kebeles, North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Mulugeta Ayalew¹* and Belayeneh Asefa²

¹Department of Animal Production and Extension, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box, 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

²Angolellantera, Woreda Agricultural offices, North Shoa, zone, Amhara, region Ethiopia.

Accepted 11 February, 2016

Abstract

The study was undertaken in Angolellantera, Chacha town and nearby selected kebeles, North Shoa zone of Amhara regional state from September 2011 up to December 2011. The objective of the study was to characterize the overall reproductive and lactation performances of dairy cows in Chacha town and surrounding kebeles. The participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method was used to generate information during exploratory survey and 100 households were selected for formal survey by using random and purposive sampling technique. The overall average estimated lactation yield of local and cross bred dairy cows was found to be 1173.93 ± 899.6. The overall average estimated lactation length of both local and cross bred cows was 10.49 ± 3.08. The overall average estimated daily yield of local and cross bred dairy cows was 3.75 ± 3.25 L. The overall mean estimated average age at first calving was found to be 40.9 ± 6.6 months (n=103). The overall mean calving interval of local and crossbred dairy cows was found to be 23 ± 4.3 months. The overall average reproductive efficiency of local and crossbred cows in Chacha town and nearby kebeles was calculated as 62 ± 14.97%. The dominant cow genotype was local breed cows. In conclusion in order to exploit the potential of dairy cattle to increase the reproductive and lactation performances intervention measures have to be given attention.

Key words: Age at first calving, calving interval, lactation length, reproductive efficiency.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 3 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Case Study

A case of diprosopus monauchenos in a day old calf (White Fulani × Friesian cross) in an integrated dairy farm

Salami O. S.¹, Okaiyeto S. O.²*, Danbirni S.³, Ibe C.¹, Allam L.² and Kudi A. C.³

¹Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

²Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

³Veterinary Surgery and Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 22 March, 2016

Abstract

A rare case of ‘diprosopus monauchenos’ is reported in a newborn calf that died soon after birth. The ‘diprosopus’ consisted of four eyes (tetraophthalmus), two pairs of nostrils, two mouths, each with a tongue and two pinae. The two faces were fused caudally by a single parietal bone and joined ventrally by the medial rhami of the mandible. It was delivered from a five year-old multipara cow. Necropsy revealed normal thoracic and abdominal viscera. The limbs were also normal.

Key words: Cranial duplication, diprosopus monauchenos, cow, calf.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 3 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Six novel PCR-RFLP loci in milk quality candidate genes in Bubalus bubalis

R. Javed^1,2, S. K. Gautam², R. K. Vijh¹ and M. S. Tantia¹*

¹National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India.

²Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

Accepted 18 March, 2016

Abstract

Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1 Alpha (PPARGC1A) are candidate genes associated with milk protein and fat yield in dairy cattle. These genes were sequence characterized to identify exonic SNPs in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Six novel buffalo specific SNPs were identified and novel PCR-RFLP loci for these SNPs were developed and validated. These loci can effectively be used for genotyping PRLR and PPARGC1A genes in recorded buffalo population for association studies with milk protein and fat yield.

Key words: Bubalus bubalis, PRLR gene, PPARGC1A gene, PCR-RFLP, genotyping.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of past and current status of large dairy farms to assist future management concerns and as a model for expanding dairies worldwide

Kalynn D. Baldock, Alexandra D. Brooks and Darron L. Smith*

Department of Agriculture, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, United States.

Accepted 16 February, 2016

Abstract

In order to predict future management needs the dairy industry needs to constantly assess the past and the current status of the industry. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Identify the past changes and current status of large well-managed dairies, (2) To provide management goals and identify areas of concerns for dairies that are stable or expanding, worldwide (3) assist in identifying and developing areas for future research to increase the efficiency and sustainability of the dairy industry worldwide. The data for this study were questionnaires from 17 dairy producers in Roosevelt and Curry Counties, the twenty-second and thirtieth largest United States dairy counties, respectively. The questionnaires were mailed to dairy farms throughout Roosevelt and Curry Counties in February of 2006. The respondents’ herds account for 38% of the dairy cows in Roosevelt and Curry Counties. The average herd size of respondents was 2,926. Respondents were asked to answer questions pertaining to their dairy farm management practices and concerns about the industry. Reproductive performance was found to be a top reason for culling while, the main health concern for producers was mastitis. Therefore reproduction and mastitis are two areas for future research and further improvement.

Key words: Dairy producer, survey, management, large dairy herd.