African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Performance and economic efficiency of browsing Arsi-Bale goats supplemented with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) vines as replacement for concentrate

Tesfaye Kebede*, Tekalign Gutu and Estifanos Tadesse

Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia.

Accepted 07 June, 2019

Abstract

A total of forty Arsi-Bale male goats weighing on average (±SE) 16.8 ± 0.61 kg were used over a 132-day feeding period to determine the optimum level for substitution of concentrate with fresh sweet potato vines (SPV), having dry matter of 92%, crude protein of 19% and gross energy of 15.6 KJ/g DM for both biological and economic benefits. Five SPV substitution treatments in percentage: SPV0 as control, SPV25, SPV50, SPV75, and SPV100 were tested. The concentrate was a mixture of 78.4% wheat bran, 20.6% noug seed cake, and 1% salt with CP 20.5% and ME 2.16 MJ/kg DM. The animals took about 56 days to adapt to the SPV and recorded increasing DM intake with increasing inclusion of SPV in the ration. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in body weight changes (ADG), body measurements and feed conversion ratio (FCR) that were lower after the recorded optimum 50% SPV substitution level. Economic analysis from the substitution treatments showed that SPV50 > SPV25 > SPV100 > SPV75 > SPV0, and 50% SPV substitution having most profitable with an average net return of 41.73 (ETB)/head. Therefore, it can be concluded that 50% SPV substitution for concentrate can be used for growing Arsi-Bale male goats with acceptable weight gain, feed intake, body measurements and economic returns.

Key words: Economic feasibility, feed conversion, feed intake, sweet potato vines.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-014, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Economywide impact of Avian influenza in Ghana – A dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model analysis

Xinshen Diao

Development Strategy and Governance Division, IFPRI, 2033 K Street, NW Washington DC 20006, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (o) 202-862-8113. Fax: 202-467-4439.

Accepted 08 May, 2019

Abstract

A dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model is used to quantitatively assess the economywide impact of HPAI in Ghana. The likely effect of an Avian influenza outbreak is modeled as demand or supply shocks to the poultry sector. The analysis shows that while the chicken sector is quite a small sector of the Ghanaian economy, the shock in chicken demand due to consumers’ anxieties is the dominant factor causing the fall of chicken production. The indirect effect on soybean and maize that are used as chicken feed is also large. Under the worst-case scenario, soybean production will fall by 37% and maize by 6.4%. However, the economywide impact on both agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP is very small. In the worst-case scenario, in which chicken production falls by 70% in 2011, agricultural GDP falls by only 0.47% and GDP is almost unchanged. However, the livelihood impacts of a HPAI outbreak could be significant for some sections of the population in Ghana particularly those involved in the poultry sector. Micro-level analysis of chicken producers’ livelihood, therefore, is necessary.

Key words: Avian influenza, general equilibrium, Ghana.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-013, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Therapeutic potential of Johne’s disease vaccine: A follow up post vaccination study in a goatherd of endangered Jamunapari breed, naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

S. V. Singh*, P. K. Singh, M. K. Singh, A. V. Singh and J. S. Sohal

Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO - Farah, District – Mathura (UP), India.

Accepted 13 April, 2019

Abstract

The study evaluated ‘therapeutic potential’ of ‘Indigenous Johne’s Disease Vaccine’ in a goat herd (important endangered Jamunapari breed) endemically infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). A total of 526 goats from this herd were vaccinated subcutaneously. Therapeutic potential’ was evaluated on the basis of physical improvement, change in body weights, shedding of MAP in feces, sero-conversion rates, mortality rates, growth performance, reproductive performance, milk production, population growth rate, feed and fodder consumption, body weight profile of kids born to vaccinated goats after vaccination and compared with preceding year. Following vaccination, rapid and remarkable reduction in production losses along with improvement in health was recorded. Goats exhibited recovery from symptoms and lesions of sub-clinical, clinical and advanced clinical Johne’s disease and improvement in productivity (growth rate, milk production, reproductive efficiency etc.). By decreasing the severity of clinical symptoms, herd incidence, inter-herd transmission of MAP ‘indigenous vaccine’ helped to salvage majority of 526 vaccinated Jamunapari goats from imminent culling due to weakness, debility and loss of productivity caused by Johne’s disease and contributed to the conservation of this endangered breed (Jamunapari) of native goats.

Key words: Goats, therapeutic vaccine, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Tsetse fly species diversity in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria

Ajibade, W. A.* and Agbede, S. A.

Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 09 April, 2019

Abstract

A survey of tsetse flies was carried out at the two sectors of Kainji Lake National Park. Gouteax fly traps, the drum shaped and biconical-shaped, were used. The traps were set adjacently at the same location. Four traps were set in each vegetation zone. At Borgu Sector, 20 traps were set, while 24 were set at Zurguma sector. Cattle and Pig urine (Mixture) were used as attractant. The traps were set in the mornings and harvested in the evenings. Harvests were reserved in 4% formalin and identified later in the laboratory under microscope. Three species of tsetse flies were identified. These include; Glosina morsitans, Glosina palpalis and Glosina tachnoides. They belong to the family Glosidae, the class insecta (hexapoda) and order Diptera and genus Glosina. G. morsitans were found all over the wooded vegetation zones while G. palpalis and G. tachnoides were restricted to the Oli complex and the riverine vegetation zones at Borgu sector. At Zugurma sector; G. tachnoides was restricted to the riverine forests of River Nuwanzurugi. The reason for these findings is that morsitans group mostly live in open savanna while G. palpalis and G. tachnoides inhabit the riverine area. The two types of traps were equally efficient in catching the three species of flies (P£0.05) using one tailed t-test.

Key words: Tsetseflies, tsetse traps, attractant, G. morsitans, G. palpalis, G. tachnoides.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

The genus Salmonella, isolation and occurrence in wildlife

Oludairo O. O.¹*, Kwaga J. K. P.², Dzikwi A. A.², Kabir J.²

¹National Zoological Garden, National Museum, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 April, 2019

Abstract

The genus Salmonella belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae and tribe Salmonelleae. It has only two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. The later is further subdivided into six subspecies: enterica, salamae, arizonae, diarizonae, houtenae and indica. The number of serotypes in each species and subspecies of Salmonella is reported to be around 2522. Different transport/pre-enrichment media, enrichment media, differential and selective solid media, biochemical tests, serological tests and biotechnological procedures are used in the isolation of Salmonella. Although published reports on the isolation of Salmonella in wildlife are few, the organism had been isolated from some wild animals which include elephants, giraffes, rhinoceros, chimpanzee, etc. However, published works were used mainly as the data base of the study.

Key words: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella bongori, wildlife, salmonellosis.

Key words: Frequency, lesion, lung, bovine.