African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Dairy cattle milk production, handling, processing, utilization and marketing system in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Teshome Gemechu^* and Tesfaye Amene

Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mizan-Tepi University, P. O. Box 260, Mizan-Tepi, Ethiopia. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +251-910420141.

Accepted 17 August, 2021

Abstract

The study was conducted to assess the general milk production system, handling practices, processing, utilization and marketing system of raw cow milk produced in Mizan Aman, Debub and Shey Bench Districts. A total of 270 respondents (thirty respondents from each study area) were selected using simple random sampling technique and interviewed by using a semi structured questionnaires. The results of current study showed that the respondents of Shey Bench and Debub Bench were entirely (100%) engaged in farming activities, predominately mixed production system. Similarly, majority (82.2%) of the respondents of Mizan Aman were also pre-dominantly involved in mixed crop livestock production while the remaining 17.8% were involved only in Peri-urban production system. Majority of the respondents in the three districts (91.1, 100 and 90% of Mizan Aman, Debub and Shey Bench) had dairy cows from 1 to 5, some had from 6 to 10 and 11 to 15. About 95.6, 94.4 and 78.9% of the respondents in Mizan Aman, Debub and Shey Bench use plastic buckets for milking. As reported by most of the respondents (95.6, 58.9 and 55.6% of Mizan Aman, Debub and Shey Bench districts, respectively), clay pot is used for storage of milk until the wanted amount is accumulated for processing. About 60.0, 26.7 and 20.0% of the respondents utilize raw milk or fresh milk in Mizan Aman, Debub and Shey Bench districts, respectively. Majority of the respondents (97.8, 92.2 and 70.0% in the Mizan Aman, Debub and Shey Bench districts) reported that scarcity of milk is the main problem of milk and milk products marketing in the study areas. The common milk production constraints and prioritized by the sampled farmers were shortage of feed and scarcity of land, diseases, accessibility to marketing place, limitation of market information and inadequate infrastructure. Therefore, it was concluded that the majority of the milk produced in the study areas were not processed, marketed and mainly utilized by household family for home consumption. These suggest the need for enriched dairy cattle production scheme in the study areas.

Key words: Bench Maji, milk handling, raw milk, utilization of milk.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Milk ring, rose bengal tests and conventional PCR based detection of Brucella abortus infected dairy cattle in Bangladesh

M.  A. S. Sarker¹, M. S. Rahman², M. M. Begum³, M. B. Rahman⁴, M. F. Rahman⁵, H. Neubauer⁶ and A. K. M. Anisur Rahman^2*

¹Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh.

²Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

³Youth Training Centre, Mounshiganj, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Bangladesh.

⁴Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

⁵Commandant, Armed Forces Medical College, Dhaka Cantonment, Bangladesh.

⁶Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis and CEM, Jena, Germany.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +8801713409196.

Accepted 28 September, 2020

Abstract

The objective of this study was to detect dairy cattle infected with Brucella abortus from Jamalpur, Rangpur districts and Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, Dhaka in Bangladesh. Both milk and serum samples of 510 dairy cattle were initially screened by milk ring test (MRT) and Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Twelve samples positive in both MRT and RBT were further confirmed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of brucellosis based on MRT and RBT was 2.7 and 2.4%, respectively. The prevalence of brucellosis was found to be significantly (p<0.001) higher in CCBDF than Jamalpur district. Out of 7 MRT and RBT positive samples, 42.9% samples of CCBDF were PCR positive and none of the five samples of Jamalpur and Rangpur districts was PCR positive. These results strongly suggest that the use of MRT, RBT and PCR technique could lead to more reliable diagnosis of brucellosis from dairy cow in Bangladesh.

Key words: Seroprevalence, molecular detection, brucellosis, dairy cattle, Bangladesh.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-012, March, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Farmer segmentation for enhancing technology adoption and smallholder dairy development

Benjamine Hanyani-Mlambo^1*, Maxwell Mudhara¹, Kefasi Nyikahadzoi² and Paramu Mafongoya¹

¹School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.

²Centre for Applied Social Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: + 263 772 321 760.

Accepted 10 October, 2020

Abstract

Despite various interventions, smallholder dairy farming in large parts of the tropics remain characterised by low productivity, restricted market participation, and viability challenges. The problem lies in the unavailability, low adoption rates and non-adoption of available improved smallholder dairying technologies. Using Rusitu and Gokwe smallholder dairy projects in Zimbabwe as a case study, this paper explored broad global issues of farmer segmentation, characteristics of the different farmer segments or innovation domains, the domains’ influence on technology adoption patterns, and the impact of technology adoption on smallholder dairy development. Through a survey of 227 households and the use of a multivariate analysis approach, Principal Component Analysis identified eight principal components, while follow-up analysis using Cluster Analysis identified five distinct innovation domains. These innovation domains included smallholder dairy producers (61.6% of the surveyed households), smallholder dairy heirs (15.9%), new and emergent producers (4.6%), smallholder dairy pioneers (2.0%), and commercial and market-oriented producers (15.9%). The paper established that innovation domains with higher levels of participation in smallholder dairy innovation platforms had higher rates of dairy technology adoption. The net effects have higher estimated annual dairy incomes, improved total household incomes, and the development of smallholder dairy enterprises. This study provides valuable contributions in advancing the theories and practice of innovation, agricultural research and advisory services.

Key words: Agricultural research, agricultural advisory services, cluster analysis, innovation platforms, principal component analysis.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and identification of methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus from mastitic dairy cows in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia

Hika Waktole Ayana*, Biruk Tesfaye Mekonnen, Ashenafi Shiferaw Bulle and Mekonnen Sorsa Berecha

College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box; 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 11 August, 2020

Abstract

This study determines prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus from bovine mastitis in dairy cows from October 2012 to June 2013 in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia. In this cross-sectional study, 16 dairy farms were included and 384 lactating cows sampled. Clinical examination and California mastitis test (CMT) were performed to diagnose clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. Milk samples were obtained from the quarters that reacted positively to California mastitis test and cultured to isolate S. aureus. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was conducted on the isolates using antibiotics including penicillin G (10 IU), amoxicillin (25 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), oxacillin (1 μg), chloroamphenicol (30 μg), vancomycin (30 μg) and ampicillin (10 μg), all from Oxoid and tetracycline (30 μg) and gentamicin (10 μg) with agar diffusion technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. Results reveal that of the 384 milk samples collected and subjected to CMT examination, 177(46.09%) were found to be mastitis positive, of which 23(12.99%) and 154(87%) showed clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. Of the 177(46.09%) mastitis positive cases, S. aureus was isolated in 110(28.65%) samples. The antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that the highest resistance was observed for penicillin (100%) followed by oxacillin (65.45%), erythromycin (61.82%) and amoxacillin (59.09%). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between S. aureus prevalence and risk factors (age and lactation stage). This study indicates that there is high existence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in dairy cows. Therefore, public awareness on transmission, prevention and control of methicillin-resistant S. aureus is suggested.

Key words: Bishoftu, dairy cows, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

African journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Microbiological quality of raw milk along the rural and peri-urban dairy systems of Nakuru county- Kenya

Joy Deborah Orwa*, Patrick Simiyu Muliro and Joseph Wafula Matofari

Department of Dairy Food Science and Technology, Egerton University Kenya, P. O. Box 536-20115 Egerton, Kenya.

Accepted 10 January, 2017

Abstract

The study aimed at profiling the microbiological quality of raw milk from the udder to the cooling centers in rural and peri-urban. Samples were collected directly from the udder, at the farm gate, from transporters delivering to cooling centers and from the bulking centers. A total of 461 raw milk samples were collected. Microbiological analysis were done following standard procedures of ISO and American Public Health Association, these included Total Viable Count (TVC), Coliform Counts (CC), Thermophilic bacteria counts (ThBC) and Psychrophillic bacteria counts (PBC). Indicator microorganisms enumerated were Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae E. coli and Bacillus spp. For both nodes the collection centers recorded the highest in TVC (Rural 10⁵cfu/ml, Peri urban 10⁶cfu/ml) with transporters at both nodes recording the highest percentage for gram negative rods (rural 63.3%, peri urban 62.5%). ThBC was significantly different at the farm and bulking center in both dairy systems. PBC recorded highest counts at cooling centers in both dairy systems. Given the high counts recorded at all nodes (up to 10⁷ CFU/ml), hygiene need to be high from milk production (farms) throughout the value chain. Cooling points along the value chains need to be introduced and use of food grade equipment to handle and transport milk would help in reducing microbial load in raw milk.

Keywords: Microbiological quality, raw milk, value chain, rural, peri-urban.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production ISSN 2375-1258 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A cross-sectional study of equine trypanosomosis and its vectors in Wolayta zone, Southern Ethiopia

Addisu Eyob, Solomon Mekuria, Alemayehu Regassa and Rahmeto Abebe*

Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Accepted 03 June, 2020

Abstract

A study was conducted between October 2008 and April 2009 in Humbo, Kindo Koysha and Sodo Zuria districts (southern Ethiopia) to investigate the infection by trypanosomes in equines and the fly vectors present in these areas. A total of 214 donkeys, 20 horses and 60 mules were examined by a dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique and microscopy of blood smears. Trypanosomes were observed in 10.7% of the donkeys (n = 23) whereas horses and mules were negative. Two Trypanosome species were identified: Trypanosoma congolense (52.2%) and Trypanosoma vivax (26.1%). Furthermore, mixed infection was found in 21.7% of infected animals. No significant (P > 0.05) association was found between prevalence and district of origin, body condition score (BCS), age or sex of the donkeys. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in mean packed cell volume (PCV) values between infected and non-infected donkeys. Female donkeys had significantly lower (P < 0.05) mean PCV than males. There was no significant difference in the mean PCV of donkeys infected with different species of trypanosomes (P > 0.05). Overall, the prevalence of trypanosomosis reported herein is low compared to previous studies and might be associated with the reduction in tsetse density in the study area.

Key words: Equine, prevalence, Southern Ethiopia, trypanosomosis, vectors.