African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production Vol. 1 (2), pp. 034-039, September, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An evaluation of milk quality in and around Rawalakot Azad Kashmir

Saiqa Bashir¹, Muhammad Siddique Awan¹, Shahzad Akbar Khan²*, Habib Ahmed Rathore¹, Muhammad Akhtar Qureshi² and Zulfiqar Hussain Kathu³

¹Department of Food Technology, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Pakistan.

²Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Pakistan.

³Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of AJK, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 21 June, 2013

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of milk from Rawalakot and its surroundings. Milk samples were collected from house hold animal, milkman and restaurant milk in order to assess the hygienic status of raw milk, which was collected from three different parts of the city, Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It was observed that the milk samples which were collected from house hold milk showed better quality compared to the other two sources. For the assessment of adulterants, clot-on-boiling (COB), alcohol perception and methyleneblue tests were conducted. In COB test, the result was 29% positive in house hold animal milk, 38% in milkman and 38% in restaurant milk; whereas, in COB test, results of milkman and restaurant milk were similar. The results of alcohol tests showed variation among the three sources of milk: in household animal milk (APT) it was 34%; 44% in milkman and 34% in restaurant milk. Methyleneblue test results show variation among the three sources; the mean values of A+, B+, C+ and D+ for HH were 29, 44, 17, 11 and 14%; 62, 11, 14% were recorded for MM; whereas 14, 33, 33 and 11%, in RM, respectively. The quality of milk was different in all three sources. Milk composition was assessed by specific gravity, fat % and acidity test. The result of Gerber test (fat% age) shows slight variation among the three sources of milk (7.00%, 6.31% and 5.55), respectively. The results of specific gravity were 0.128 g/ml for house hold, 1.027 g/ml for milkman and 0.125 g/ml for restaurant milk, respectively. All three sources showed low specific gravity than standards. The result of acidity test shows slight difference in all three sources of milk. The acidity of milk samples was recorded as 0.18 in house hold milk, 0.21 for milkman milk and 0.19 in restaurant milk. The acidity was higher than the standard values in both milkman and restaurant milk. In organoleptic test, the result was based on sensory evaluation and scoring system. The lowest value was 5.5 and highest value was 7.4. As the results show the HH animal milk was graded as good compared to the other two sources of milk.

Key words: Organoleptic, adulterants, milk, acidity.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production Vol. 1 (4), pp. 079-084, November, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of non-genetic factors on milk production of Holstein Friesian × Deoni crossbred cows

Zewdu Wondifraw*, B. M. Thombre and D. V. Bainwad

Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, Marathwada Agricultural University (MAU), Parbhani- 431402 (M.S) India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +251910172313 Fax: +215587711764.

Accepted 9 September, 2013

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of non-genetic factors on milk production of Holstein Friesian × Deoni crossbred cows. Data representing 256 HF × Deoni crossbred cows from cattle crossbreeding project with 1485 total records of lactation over a 30 years period were analyzed to determine the effects of period of calving, season of calving, age at first calving and parity on milk production. The overall least squares mean of lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield, lactation length, and milk yield per day of lactation length were 1661.35±15.17, 1707.25±13.25, 296.80±2.29 and 5.65±0.04 kg, respectively. All sources of variation were significant except season of calving for 305 days milk yield and lactation length; age at first calving for 305 days milk yield and milk yield per day of lactation length. Milk production was depressed for cows calving in summer. First lactation cows had lowest milk production, and highest production occurred in 5^th parity. It was therefore, concluded that, HF × Deoni crossbred cows were affected by non-genetic factors.

Key words: Crossbred cows, productive traits, period and season of calving, parity.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production Vol. 1 (3), pp. 051-056, October, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Performance evaluation of the dairy farmers regarding adoption of precise dairy farming practices in the Punjab, Pakistan

Saleem Ashraf, Muhammad Iftikhar*, Ghazanfar Ali Khan, Babar Shahbaz and Ijaz Ashraf

Institute of Agricultural Extension and rural Development, University of Agriculture, 38040- Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 22 July, 2013

Abstract

Livestock is the dominant cog of economy of Pakistan and also livelihood supporter fulfiller for the subsistent farmers of country. The country has a great potential and prosperous with dairy animals’ breeds. Unfortunately, farmers are so far away to cash in the actual potential of animals. Non-adoption of improved practices is the major productivity retarding factor. In this regard, present study was conducted in the different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from the 107 livestock farmers. The sample was a blend of landless, illiterate and young, middle aged and small farmers who were immensely dependent on livestock. Data analysis indicated that cattle were the more likely animal among farmers. Farmers were interested in different management practices regarding feeding, breeding and disease management. However, farmers were adopting the only practice which needs no investment and technicality. Farmers were lacking in technical knowledge=2.81) were other constraints compelling farmers to adopt traditional practices. Correlation analysis indicated highly significant association of age, education, land size and annual income with adoption of scientific dairy practices. On the basis of results, it is suggested that the role of livestock extension should be diversified under strict evaluation. Micro credit schemes with cooperation of government may also boost the adoption. It is also inferred that international organization may also start some projects keeping in mind the ultimate potential of Pakistan dairy sector.

Key words: Livestock, dairy farming, adoption, Punjab.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production Vol. 1 (5), pp. 085-090, December, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of storage temperature on shelf life of standardized buffalo milk Ujani basundi

Gaikwad S. M.¹* and Hembade A. S.²

¹Department of Dairy Science, Shivneri College, Shirur Anantpal, District Latur (M.S), India.

²Department of Dairy Science, Yeshwant College, Nanded (M.S.) India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 24 October, 2013

Abstract

The effects of storage of buffalo milk Ujani basundi, incorporated with or without potassium sorbate (0.1% w/w) and with or without cardamom (0.1% w/w) under ambient (30±1°C) and refrigerated temperature (5±1°C) over a period of 20 days were s tudied. The physicochemical as well as sensory quality of stored product samples were studied. The stored product samples at refrigerated and ambient temperature with potassium sorbate gave shelf life up to 20 and 10 days respectively. The product stored with cardamom gave best flavor score in both the temperature.

Key words: Shelf life, Ujani basundi, flavor, cardamom, refrigerated temperature.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production Vol. 1 (1), pp. 001-007, August, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Factors affecting dairy farmers' utilization of agricultural supports in Erzurum, Turkey

H. Bayram I ık*, Adem Aksoy and Fahri Yavuz

Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +90 442 231 2587. Fax: +90 442 231 2678.

Accepted 23 March, 2013

Abstract

Due to the nature and strategic importance of agriculture, governments in whole world somehow support agricultural sector. This sector plays an important role in Turkish economy despite the share of industry and services are rising constantly. The sector has basic structural problems such as poor mechanization, small farm size and uncoordinated and unplanned agricultural production. Although Turkey has developed substantial agricultural policy reforms, particularly in animal husbandry sector, to be in line with European Union and World Trade Organization regulations, there are a lot to do to improve the sector. One of the most important aspects of the agricultural supports is to distribute them efficiently and in an equitable way to the sector. This study aims to explore the factors affecting the dairy farmers’ utilization of agricultural supports using ordered probit approach. For this end, survey data were used and the results showed that education level, form of farming, breed and roughage usage variables were good predictors of dairy farmers’ utilization of agricultural supports. Therefore, in order to have an efficient and equitable agricultural support policy, education level of the farmers can be increased and farmers can be induced to have a more market-oriented production and culture breeds.

Key words: Agricultural supports, dairy farms, ordered probit, Turkey.

African Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production Vol. 1 (3), pp. 057-058, October, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Floral biology of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc]

N. C. Onwubiko¹*, M. I. Uguru², A. A. Ngwuta¹, E. T. Inyang¹ and O. J. Nnajiemere¹

¹Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

²Department of Crop Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 24 August, 2013

Abstract

Investigation on floral biology of twelve accessions of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc] was carried out in the greenhouse of the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, in a completely randomized design with three replications. Significant varietal differences (P<0.05) were observed among the accessions in all characters investigated except for age of germination (P>0.05). Typical of flowering plants, the crop consists of vegetative and reproductive organs. The initiation of flower buds was between 30 and 48 days after planting (DAP) while the maturity of the flowers was between 34 and 52 DAP (3 to 5 days from flower bud initiation). Matured flowers for hybridization should be 2 to 3 days old from bud initiation and observed to be yellow or creamy in colour. The time taken for matured flower bud to open (anthesis) ranged between 12 to 20 h (which occurred between 07:00 and 10:00 h). Emasculation should be carried out on mature flower buds within 12 h of flower bud maturity as pollination takes place after this period.

Key words: Floral biology, bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea.