International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health

International Journal of Cardiology | Vol. 11, No. 9, September 2020 | pp. 65–72

DOI: 10.46882/2020/IJC/000138

Original Research Article

Long-Term Efficacy of Two-Dimensional Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Predicting Adverse Outcomes in DCM

Vasily Smirnov¹, Elena Kuzmina², Dmitry Ivanov¹

¹Department of Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia

²Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Abstract:
While left ventricular parameters are traditionally prioritized in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), right ventricular (RV) function also independently impacts outcomes. This prospective study evaluated the long-term prognostic utility of right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RV-GLS) measured via speckle-tracking echocardiography in adult patients with DCM. We followed 185 stable DCM patients with a resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%. Standard echocardiography quantified right ventricular fractional area change (FAC), and off-line deformation analysis measured absolute RV-GLS. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac mortality, urgent heart transplantation, or heart failure hospitalization over a 3-year follow-up period. Over a median follow-up of 34 months, 52 patients (28.1%) reached the primary endpoint. An impaired absolute baseline RV-GLS (defined as less than 15.5%) was strongly associated with a higher event rate. Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed a significantly lower event-free survival rate in the low RV-GLS group (log-rank p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, NYHA class, LVEF, and NT-proBNP levels, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression confirmed that an absolute RV-GLS less than 15.5% remained an independent predictor of the composite clinical endpoint (hazard ratio: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.28–3.52, p = 0.003). Conventional RV FAC did not retain independent predictive value in the fully adjusted model. Right ventricular global longitudinal strain is a powerful independent predictor of long-term clinical worsening in dilated cardiomyopathy, outperforming standard volumetric metrics.

Keywords: Dilated cardiomyopathy, Right ventricular function, Speckle-tracking echocardiography, Longitudinal strain, Prognosis, Heart failure

Received: June 05, 2020; Revised: July 18, 2020; Accepted: August 11, 2020; Published: September 15, 2020

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health ISSN 2756-3871 Vol. 16 (2), pp. 001-005 February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli in Raw Cow's Milk: Prevalence and Genetic Determinants of Virulence

Gamal Younis1, Amal Awad1* and Reem Ghabour2

1Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University,
35516, Egypt.

2Gastro Enterology Surgery Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.

Received 9 May, 2024; Revised 10 September, 2024; Accepted 6 November, 2024

Raw milk plays an important role in the survival and transport of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli strains. This study was performed to determine the existence of E. coli in raw milk intended for human consumption and its associated virulence determinants. In this context, a total of 232 milk samples were obtained from different dairy shops located at Mansoura city and its surrounding villages. Milk samples were subjected for bacteriological and serological examination of E. coli. Furthermore, E. coli strains were tested for its haemolytic activity on blood agar plates. The recovered E. coli strains were also screened by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of enterotoxins including heat –labile (LT), heat- stable (ST) toxins and haemolysin (hly) genes. The recovery rate of E. coli was 14.65% (34/232). Among the recovered E. coli strains, 12 different E. coli serotypes were identified namely, O26:H11 (n꞊6), O111:H2 (n꞊5), O128:H2 (n꞊5), O91:H21 (n꞊4), O124 (n꞊3), O127:H6 (n꞊3), O103:H21 (n꞊2), O153 (n꞊1), O113:H4 (n꞊2), O6 (n꞊1), O121:H7 (n꞊1) and O146 (n=1). Regarding PCR results, 31(91.19%) E. coli strains harbored STa and seven strains carried hly gene (20.59%) while non E. coli isoates harbord LT gene. Conclusively, raw milk can be considered as serious source of pathogenic E. coli, therefore, proper management practices and effective control measures are recommended to improve milk hygiene and sanitation.

Key words: Raw milk, Escherichia coli, enterotoxin genes, haemolysin gene.
 

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health ISSN 2756-3871 Vol. 16 (1), pp. 001-006 January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the Impact of Hunting on Preuss’s Red Colobus (Procolobus preussi) in Korup National Park, Cameroon

Sylvie Nguedem Fonkwo^1*, Mpoame Mbida^2, Tsi Evaristus Angwafo³ and Valentine Buh Ebua²

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.

²Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.

³Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.

Accepted 2 September, 2024

Abstract

This study was carried out in Korup Region to investigate the reasons for hunting preuss’s red colobus (PRC) in Korup National Park (KNP) Cameroon in order to contribute to its sustainable management. Questionnaires (open and closed end) were used to gather personal information from hunters on different hunting tactics, reasons for hunting PRC and threats to this species in KNP for a period of one month (January 2014). One hundred and eighty-seven hunters responded to questionnaires that were distributed in all 5 villages in the park and 5 other villages randomly selected from the 23 villages surrounding KNP. Excel software was used and all variables were used to calculate relative proportions. Results showed that 53.5% of hunters use shotguns and 46.5% use both shotgun and wire snares in hunting. Majority of the hunters (46%) practice both hunting and farming, 32% practice solely hunting, 18% practice hunting and fishing, and 4% practice hunting, farming and fishing. A large proportion (73.3%) of hunters does hunt PRC for protein and income. However, 45.3% of them do not eat PRC because of its bad odour, and 22% do not eat it because the meat is hard. Hunters in KNP depend on hunting for their survival. Therefore, this calls for conservation action, such as introducing an alternative source of livelihood and protein to hunters, which will help to improve their standard of living and supply protein for their healthy growth, thereby discouraging hunting.

Key words: Hunting, Korup National Park, anthropogenic activity, survival, Procolobus preussi.
 

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health ISSN 2756-3871 Vol. 16 (1), pp. 001-007 January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of a Combined Vaccine Approach for Newcastle Disease, Fowl Pox, and Fowl Typhoid in Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Hana Tadesse¹*, Senait Belete² and Benti Deressa³

¹School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University,  Jimma, Ethiopia.
²National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.

Accepted 18 December, 2024

Abstract

An experimental study was conducted on day-old chicks to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined Newcastle diseases (ND), fowl pox (FP) and fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine. The vaccine was prepared using the Lasota strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the FP strain of fowl pox virus (FPV) and the 9R strain of FT. The vaccine was found safe, as no clinical signs or mortalities were observed. Post vaccination Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI) titre for ND was above the required protection level (≥1:16) and its geometric means (GM) were 0.0098, 0.0063 and 0.0059 for group one, two and three respectively, who received conventional and combined vaccine. The difference in GM between the three vaccinated groups were not significant (p=0.544). The trivalent combined vaccine did not show significant difference in the HI titre result among the groups that were given conventional vaccines and the other two experimental groups which received trivalent vaccine (p=0.257). From 75 samples, 73 (97.3%) were positive for FT through rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT). The chicks were challenged separately for the three diseases using the specific pathogens. Both combined and conventional vaccine conferred protection upon challenge. For ND challenge, 93.3% (n=14/15) of the control groups died. From FT and FP control groups 86.6% (n=13/15) and 20% (n=3/15) respectively died up on challenge. Both combined and conventional vaccine type conferred a similar and good level of protection. However, the use of combined vaccine has considerable advantage particularly in terms of convenience and cost effectiveness to control multiple diseases through simple immunization schedule. Further studies were recommended on the development of combined avian vaccines in Ethiopia.

Key words: Newcastle disease, fowl pox, fowl typhoid, experimental study, combined vaccine.
 

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health ISSN 2756-3871 Vol. 15 (3), pp. 001-013, March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Seroprevalence of rabies virus antibodies in dogs within FCT, Abuja

Tyohen  T. R,¹ Olabode  H.O.K.,²   Ameh J.A.,³ Mailafia, S⁴ and Ramon- Yusuf, S.B⁵

^1,2,3,4Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja.
⁵Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja. FCT.

Received January 30, 2024; February 24, 2024 and Published April 15, 2024     

Abstract

Rabies is a deadly zoonotic viral disease of warm blooded vertebrates globally. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of rabies virus antibodies in dogs using indirect ELISA. One hundred and eighty four (184) sera samples assayed from three Area councils (Gwagwalada, Kwali, and Kuje) randomly by balloting without replacement, adopting a cross sectional study design showed that 150 (81.5%) were positive and 34 (18.5%) were negative for rabies antibodies out of which 129 (83.7%) were previously vaccinated while 21 (70%) were not vaccinated. The distribution of breed, sex, age, location and vaccination history/status in relation to antibody titre showed more male dogs had more antibodies 82 (44.7%) among German Shepherd breed 57 (31.0%), within the age range 1-5yrs  92 (50%) especially in Gwagwalada 83 (45.1%) among vaccinated dogs 129 (70%) which was significant for vaccination status  (P value < 0.05). This study suggests high level of vaccination awareness among dog owners within the study area with a small proportion of potential unvaccinated dog population at risk of rabies infection which can affect the increasing population following the incidence of dog bite. In conclusion, this study indicates evidence of rabies antibodies in both vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs. The study provided valuable information for public health authorities and policymakers involved in rabies control programs. Sustained public awareness campaign should be encouraged. 

Keywords: Seroprevalence, Rabies Virus, Dog, ELISA, FCT, Nigeria.
 

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health ISSN 2756-3871 Vol. 15 (3), pp. 001-005 March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of veterinary antibiotic drug management practices in the vicinity of Holeta

Seblewongel Ayichew Megerrsa and Taddesa Bezu Ashine*

School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia.

Received 8 June, 2023: Accepted 13 July, 2023

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the antibiotics drug handling and utilization practices of the animal owners from November 2016 to April 2017. A total of 384 randomly selected animal owners in and around Holeta were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Most of the respondents (animal owners) were educated (59.4%), whereas less than half of them (40.6%) were uneducated. The prevalence on the challenges faced by their animals was 25, 42.2, and 32.8% due to disease, feed shortage and both disease and feed shortage, respectively. A total of 6.5% of the respondents purchased antibiotics from private pharmacy and brought to their house by carrying them in pockets, while 3.9 and 2.9% of the respondents store drugs on the shelf and floor up to three months, respectively. Drug administration activity was performed by non-professional personnel simply by guessing. 66.1% of the respondents knew about withdrawal period of antibiotics whereas 33.9% of them did not know about withdrawal period of antibiotic drugs. At the time of drug administration, 12.8% sold the milk, 86.7% gave the milk for calf and 0.5% of them used the milk for home consumption without maintaining its withdrawal period. A few number of animal owners (2.6%) injected their animals below normal dosage resulting to resistance of the disease to the antibiotics. Majority of the animal owners (93.5%) used veterinary professional service to their diseased animals for treatment whereas a few number of the respondents (6.5%) purchased antibiotics from private pharmacy without prescription of the veterinarian for self-treatment of their animals. In conclusion, this study result revealed that there is improper handling and utilization practice of veterinary antibiotic drugs in the study area. It is recommended that training should be given for the animal owners on the appropriate handling and utilization practice of veterinary drugs and continuous follow up by the stake holders should be undertaken.

Keywords: Antibiotics drug, animal owners, Holeta, veterinary.