ISSN 2756-3871
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of cattle tick infestation in and around Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia
Surafel Asrate1* and Amsalu Yalew2
College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 16 January, 2019
Abstract
We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of hard ticks, their predilection sites and relation to breed, sex, and age group of animals. Cattle coming to clinic from different localities found in Haramaya district were selected by systematic random sampling technique and then examined for tick infestation. A total of 560 animals were examined of which 186 (33.21%) were found infested with one or more ticks. Among the total, 1446 ticks collected three genera; Amblyomma, Boophilus, and Rhipicephalus, and five species identified. The relative prevalence of each species was Amblyomma variegatum (38.87%), Amblyomma coherence (8.30%), Boophilus decoloratus (31.54%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (6.64%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (14.66%). A. variegatum and A. coherence show higher preference to axial, scrotum/udder, groin and belly. B. decoloratus species were found prominently on the back and neck. R. evertsi evertsi and R. pulchelus showed high preference to the under tail and perianal and vulva regions of the body. The male to female sex ration of the collected ticks was found 1.96:1, showing higher proportion of male than their counterparts. The prevalence of tick infestation was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in local breed cattle (58.18%) than cross breed ones (10.55%), whereas no statistically significant association was observed among age groups, between sex groups and different localities (P > 0.05).
Key words: Haramaya, cattle, infestation, Ixodide ticks.
Amsalu Yalew, Surafel Asrate*
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Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Ticks and mange mites infesting camels of Boran pastoral areas and the associated risk factors, southern Ethiopia
Bekele Megersa1, Abreham Damena1, Jemere Bekele1, Bedane Adane2 and Desie Sheferaw1*
1School of Veterinary Medicne, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
2Yabello Pastoral Research Center, Yabello, Ethiopia.
Accepted 23 August, 2018
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted on selected camel herds of Borana lowland, southern Ethiopia. From a total of 560 camels examined, 97.7 and 25.9% were found infested with ticks of various species and Sarcoptes species. A total of 4636 adult tick species were collected from half-body regions of selected camels. The tick species identified and their relative abundance were as follows: Rhipicephalus pulchellus (69.6%), Amblyomma gemma (12.4), Hyalomma dromedarii (10.8%), Boophilus decoloratus (4.2%), Amblyomma variegatum (2.6%) and Amblyomma lepidum (0.4%). Sarcoptes species was the only mange mites observed during this study in Borana lowland. The overall half-body region observed mean tick burden was 48.4 ticks/camel. The total half-body regions mean tick burden was significantly higher in young males (1 to 3 years of age) with poor body conditions, large herd size (greater than 40 camels) and IN wet season. Also mixing camels with sheep and goats, and cattle significantly affect the mean half-body tick burden of camels. However, the impact of ticks and mange mites on host camel and the environment was not measured during this study; it was concluded that the number and species of infesting ticks and mange mites encountered were significant enough to pose a potential health hazard. Further research work on the seasonal pattern, biology and vector role for the ticks should be carried out in Borana lowland.
Key words: Ticks, risk factors, Boran, Ethiopia.
Bedane Adane and Desie Sheferaw*, Bekele Megersa, Abreham Damena1, Jemere Bekele1
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Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Economical and managerial analysis of effective managerial strategies for the prevention of milk fever in transition period in commercial dairy farms
Hamed Kashfi1*, Ahmadreza Yazdani1 and Mehrdad Latifi2
1Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P. O. Box 3618746331, Gorgan, Iran.
2Latifi's Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, Shahroud, Iran.
Accepted 11 June, 2018
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of managerial strategies for the prevention of milk fever in transition period in Shahroud commercial dairy farms. For this purpose, all required information were collected by preparing a questionnaire. Relevant questions about applying managerial strategies for the prevention of milk fever in transition period were inserted in first part. These strategies include the application of anionic salts in close up period, calcium restriction before calving (close-up period) and also benefiting from analogue of vitamin D (AD3E). Therefore, the questions were on implementation condition and relevant costs. Next part was on relevant information about involvement with milk fever which includes incidence rate and treatment costs based on clinical signs of disorders. Last part was about reproduction information, average fertility and fertility costs. Then, all obtained results were analyzed using the SAS software. Finally, it was specified that application of effective managerial strategies for the prevention of milk fever in transition period had a significant effects on economic and managerial indices; and it is recommended to cattlemen as well.
Key words: Transition period, milk fever, managerial strategies, economic parameters.
Ahmadreza Yazdani and Mehrdad Latifi, Hamed Kashfi*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and its public health awareness in selected sites of Dire Dawa region, Eastern Ethiopia
Efa Negash, Shihun Shimelis* and Desta Beyene
College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia, P. O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 13 April, 2018
Abstract
Between November 2010 and April 2011, a serological study was conducted on small ruminants to determine the prevalence of brucellosis and factors affecting its frequency in these animals. Out of 384 sheep and goats sera tested using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT), 36 (9.38%) reacted positively using RBPT. Of these reactant sera, 35 also tested positive using CFT, giving an overall prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis of 9.11% (95% CI: 6.43% to 12.45). Using a logistic regression model, no statistically significant differences were recorded in seroprevalence between sheep and goats (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.54 to 2.23), male and female animals (OR = 1.02, 95%: 0.50 to 2.06), and among different age groups. A questionnaire was administered to 49 small ruminant owners to determine their awareness of brucellosis and identify their practices and feeding habits that would predispose them to this disease. Nearly half of the sheep and goat owners questioned did not know about small ruminant brucellosis; however, almost all of them confirmed the presence of abortion in their animals (in Afan Oromo called “Ilman Dhaha ” or “Ilman Darba”). 87.76% of the respondents drank un-boiled milk and/or consumed raw meat of small ruminants and 95.92% of them handled fetal membranes and disposed of aborted fetuses using bare hands. Poor awareness of the zoonotic importance of brucellosis and the practices of consuming raw milk and meat and handling potentially infectious materials using bare hands pose a serious danger to small ruminant owners.
Key words: Brucellosis, Dire Dawa, public health, seroprevalence, small ruminants.
Efa Negash, Shihun Shimelis* and Desta Beyene
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A survey on helminth parasites of dogs in Benin city, Edo State, Nigeria
Edosomwan, E. U.* and Chinweuba C. R.
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 May, 2018
Abstract
Dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide. A study of the gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs (Canis familiaris) in three veterinary clinics in Benin City, Nigeria, was conducted between June and December 2010. Faecal samples collected from 150 dogs were processed by floatation and direct faecal smear methods, and then examined for helminth eggs. Coprological examination revealed that 28.0% of the dogs examined were infected with different types of helminthes. Dogs harboring one-type of parasite eggs were more common (97%) than those harboring two (3%). The prevalence for the various helminth eggs observed were Dipylidium caninum (10.0%), Mesostephanus spp. (4.6%), Trichuris vulpis (4.0%), Toxocara canis (3.3%), Capillaria aerophila (2.0%), Ancylostoma spp. (1.3%), Toxascaris leonina, (0.7%), Capillaria plica (0.7%), Capillaria spp. (0.7%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (0.7%). There was no significant difference in prevalence of helminth parasites found between males (22.6%) and females (31.8%) dogs (p>0.05). However, the age of dog was found to be a significant factor with the prevalence of the infection (p<0.05) higher in young dogs.
Key words: Dogs, helminth parasites, Benin-City, Nigeria.
E. U.* and Chinweuba C. R., Edosomwan
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Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Helminthosis of sheep and goats in and around Haramaya, Southeastern Ethiopia
Tesfaheywet Zeryehun*
College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P. O. Box 301, Dire Dawa Ethiopia. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 21 November, 2018
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out in sheep and goats kept under extensive management system in and around Haramaya, Southeastern Ethiopia, during the period from July 2010 to June 2011 with the aim of determining the prevalence, and the status of gastrointestinal (GIT) helminthosis and the risk factors associated with it. For this purpose 768 fecal samples were collected from 384 sheep and 384 goats. Parasitological methods including floatation, sedimentation and coproculture were employed in the study. The fecal samples examined revealed an overall prevalence of 472 (61.4%) in the small ruminants where as 259 (67.75%) in sheep and 213 (55.47%) in goats harbor one or more genera of helminths with nematodes (59.89%) being the most prevalent helminths. Upon coproscopic examination, strongyle type of helminths was the most prevalent parasite (36.20%) in the area in both hosts. The study revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) prevalence of helminths in sheep than in goats and in young animals than in adults, and wet season than drier ones. In this present study, there was no association between egg per gram of feces and the prevalence of helminths. Overall, 7 and 6 genera of helminths were identified in sheep and goats, respectively. Coproculture of the samples positive for strongyle type helminths revealed Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Strongyloides sp., and Bunostomum sp. in a decreasing order in both sheep and goats. The present study revealed polyparasitism in both host species, hence proper management of young stocks and treatment of animals by considering risk factors such as age and season, could help in the control of the disease. The result of this study indicates that, even though subclinical in nature, gastrointestinal helminths are one of the major problems that could hamper health and productivity of sheep and goats in the study area. Thus, further studies on species-based prevalence and larval ecology are recommended in order to design appropriate control measures.
Key words: Prevalence, helminths sheep, goats, Ethiopia.
Tesfaheywet Zeryehun*
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