International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Serological and molecular study of Newcastle disease virus circulating in village chickens of Fars province, Iran

Ghasem Rezaeianzadeh¹, Habibolah Dadras¹*, Ali Safar. Maken Ali² and Mohammad Hossein Nazemshirazi³

¹Department of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

²Department of Animal Diseases Surveillance Networks, Iran Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran.

³Molecular Diagnostic Department, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 19 November, 2014

Abstract

The epidemiology of circulating Newcastle disease virus in village chickens, using hemagglutination inhibition, RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR was conducted by using systematic random sampling design for collection of samples. Total 1050 sera samples and 1820 tracheal and cloacal swabs were tested from chickens in 21 villages in Fars province, Iran. Samples were collected in January and February 2010. Hemagglutination inhibition test was used to screen the collected sera. RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR tests were used for virus detection in tracheal and cloacal swabs. The performed survey showed that chickens in thirteen (61.9%) villages (epidemiological units) were sero-positive, but no virus was detected in RT-PCR tests. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer varied from nil to 2⁸ in the chicken sera. The chicken in the studied area were not vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus, but some of them showed high antibody titer (up to 2⁸). This study shows that a pathogenic Newcastle disease virus is circulating in the area and it could be regarded as a potential threat to poultry industry at the studied area.

Key words: Newcastle disease, village chickens, RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-011, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Influence of pregnancy and lactation on the parasitological and clinico-pathological responses of out-bred albino mice

Ngongeh L. A.¹*, Chiejina S. N.¹ and Fakae B. B.²

¹Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Accepted 12 August, 2014

Abstract

Influence of pregnancy and lactation on the parasitological and some clinico-pathological responses of out-bred albino mice to single doses of Heligmosomoides bakeri (H.b) were studied. Fifty six pregnant and ten non-pregnant mice were used for the study. The pregnant mice were either infected in the first, second or third trimester depending on the experimental group and were either allowed to suckle or not following parturition. The ten non-pregnant mice served as uninfected controls. Faecal egg counts (FEC), bodyweights (BW), packed cell volume (PCV) and worm burdens (WB) were recorded. Both lactating and non-lactating mice infected in the first trimester had significantly higher WBs (F_2,49 = 5.242, P = 0.001) and FECs (F_2,37 = 4.314, P = 0.001 ) in comparison to their counterparts infected in the second and third trimesters. Generally, the WB of lactating mice was only marginally higher than those of non-lactating mice in the first and third trimesters. The FECs of non-lactating mice were generally higher than those of lactating mice. The PCV of lactating mice was lower than those of both non-lactating and uninfected control mice. The body weights of both lactating and non-lactating mice (infected) were lower compared to those of the uninfected control mice. No periparturient rise in FEC was observed nor did lactation influence FEC.

Key words: Pregnancy, lactation, Heligmosomoides bakeri, outbred albino mice, parasitological and clinico-pathological responses.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morphological studies of the appendicular skeleton of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) part (ii) pelvic limb

Sulaiman Olawoye Salami¹*, Kenechukwu Tobechukwu Onwuama¹, Obadiah Byanet², Samuel Chikera Ibe¹ and Samuel Adeniyi Ojo¹

¹Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 October, 2014

Abstract

The pelvic limb of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) was studied using 12 adult rats of both sexes. Characteristics of the bones were studied by gross observation after preparation. Measurement of different segments of the Pelvic limb (articulated) was also taken. The bones of the pelvic limb were found to be generally similar in both structure and number to other rodent species that has been studied. Variation came only in the size of the bones and in the number of coccygeal bones. The ossa coxarum came (check) together through the pubic symphysis. The pelvis also presented a relatively wide obturator foramen. The femur presented three trochanters (major, minor and tertious) and fabellae on the medial and lateral condyles. The fibula runs down the length of the tibia, with an attachment proximally and fusion at the distal third thereby presenting an extensive interosseous space. The pes presented 8 tarsal and 5 metatarsal bones. Each of the metatarsal presented 3 phalanges except the first metatarsal which presented 2 phalanges. The number of bones on each pelvic limb was found to be 34 plus 19 sessamoid bones making a total number of 106 bones in the two hind limbs of this rat.

Key words: African giant rat, pelvic limb, pes.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morphological studies of the appendicular skeleton of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) Part (i) pectoral limb

Salami Sulaiman Olawoye*, Onwuama Kenechukwu Tobechukwu, Maidawa Men Sunday, Imam Jibril and Ojo Samuel Adeniyi

Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 September, 2014

Abstract

The pectoral limb of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus) was studied using 12 adult rats of both sexes. Characteristics of the bones were studied by gross observation after preparation. Measurements of manus and pectoral limb (articulated) were also taken. The bones of the pectoral limb were found to be generally similar in both structure and number to other rodent species. Variation came only in the size of the bones. The scapula presented a metacromion process in addition to the acromion process. Like in all burrowing mammals, the pectoral girdle presented a rodlike clavicle and coracoids process with tuberous end. The humerus midshaft presented a prominent deltoid tuberosity, while the distal extremity has both the supratrochlear and supracondylar fossae. The radio-ulna bones are fused except at two points (proximal and distal interosseous spaces). Both the radius and ulna ended with styloid processes distally. There are 9 carpal bones with four on the proximal and five on the distal rows, respectively. Each limb presented five digits with three phalanges on each with the exception of the first digit which has two phalanges. The number of bones on each of the pectoral limb was found to be 33 plus 16 sessamoid bones making the total number of 98 bones on the pectoral limb of this rat.

Key words: African giant rat, bones, pectoral limb, manus.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 5 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

On-farm diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in nomadic herds using latex agglutination test (LAT)

Okaiyeto S. O.¹*, Danbirni S. ², Allam L.¹, Akam E.³ Pewan S. B.³ and Kudi A. C.²

¹Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

²Veterinary Surgery and Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

³National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Nigeria.

Accepted 25 July, 2012

Abstract

Three outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Kafur Local Government Area of Katsina State, involving a total of 250 animals were reported. All the animals were examined thoroughly and based on the clinical signs exhibited, 120 (group A, n= 51, B, n=29 and C, n=40) animals were selected for latex agglutination test (LAT), using serum from each of the animal. The results indicate infection rates of 11.8% (6/51) in adult animals and 19.6% (10/51) in calves in farm A, while in farm B the infection rate were 27.6% (6/29) for the adult animals and 13.8% (4/29) for calves. While in farm C, 15.0% (6/40) of the adult animals and 17.5% (7/40) of the calves are positive, as demonstrated by strong (+++) agglutination in cell 1 (Plate 2). Overall infection rate of 16.7 and 17.5% was observed for adult and calves respectively. Although this diagnostic test LAT is not new, this is the first time it’s being conducted in the area of study for the diagnosis of CBPP.

Key words: Mycoplasma mycoides sub sp. Mycoides, nomadic cattle, latex agglutination test.