ISSN 2756-3871
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence and economic importance of liver parasites in sheep and goats slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise in Ethiopia
Yehualashet Bayu1*, Aklilu Asmelash1, Kaleab Zerom2 and Tsegaye Ayalew1
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O.Box, 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semera University, Semera
Accepted 13 November, 2016
Abstract
This research was designed to determine the prevalence of Cysticercus tenuicollis, Fasciola and Hydatid cyst and to estimate the magnitude of the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver of sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. Ante-mortem examination was done to determine the origin and age of animals slaughtered. Post-mortem inspection was conducted on a total of 1152 animals comprising 576 sheep and 576 goats and (288/1152) 25% livers were condemned due to parasitic induced gross lesions. From 176 (30.6%) positive sheep, 45 (7.81%) were infected by C. tenuicollis, 108 (18.75%) by Fasciola and 23 (3.99%) by Hydatid cyst. Similarly from 112 positive goats, 91 (15.8%), 13 (2.26%) and 8 (1.39%) C. tenuicollis, Fasciola and Hydatid cyst were recorded. Fasciola was leading cause of liver condemnation in sheep and C. tenuicollis in goats. Hydatid cyst was responsible for lowest condemnation rate. A statistically significant difference was observed between species and origin of small ruminants for Fasciola, C. tenuicollis and Hydatid cyst with P < 0.05. The abattoir’s financial losses due to condemnation of liver by parasitic induced gross lesions accounts approximately 157,684 ETB annually.
Key words: Prevalence, liver, Fasciola, Hydatid cyst, C. tenuicollis, sheep, goats, Addis Ababa.
Kaleab Zerom and Tsegaye Ayalew, Yehualashet Bayu*, Aklilu Asmelash
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 1 (10), pp. 068-077, October, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on the serologic prevalence of reproductive diseases on dairy cattle in Mexico
Gael García Quinn1*, Guillermo González Iñárritu2, Anthony Carlos Toro3, Lupita Huerta Santana4
1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Avenida de las Ciencias S/N Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, Qro. México.
2CENID-PAVET, INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla, No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Mor.C.P. 62550, Mexico.
3CENID-Microbiologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carretera México-Toluca, Km 15.5, Col. Palo Alto, 05110, D. F, México.
4Sitio Experimental Pichucalco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestares Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Pichucalco, Chiapas. CP 29520, México.
Email:[email protected]
Accepted 10 September, 2016
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to estimate seroprevalence of four reproductive diseases: brucellosis, bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), neosporosis and bovine respiratory rhinotracheitis (IBR) in dairy cattle in Mexico. In a stratified multi-stage design, 4,487 serum samples were collected in 182 herds from different states of Mexico. Epidemiologic and spatial information was also collected to evaluate risk factors and elaborate maps of risk. Overall seroprevalence rates were: Brucellosis 14.7% (with the Rose Bengal test) and 5.1% (with the radial immunodifusion test), BVD 78.8%, neosporosis 36.8% and IBR 73%. The highest prevalence for neosporosis (46%) and brucellosis (21.8%) was observed in the intensive system. In the familiar and double-purpose systems, the prevalence was 34 and 15.8%, respectively. No big differences were observed for IBR and BVD in the three systems, 69 to 75% for IBR and 63.9 to 87.8% for BVD. The states with the highest prevalence for brucellosis were Hidalgo (77%), Aguascalientes (36%), Guanajuato (30%), and La Laguna (Coahuila and Durango) (17%). Prevalence was low in Veracruz (1%), Chiapas (2%), and Sinaloa (3%); for BVD ranged from 55% (in the state of Sinaloa) to 98% (in the state of Aguascalientes). Prevalence for neosporosis was high in Hidalgo (55%), Guanajuato (53.7%), and Querétaro (47.9%). Risk factors associated to prevalence of brucellosis were: herd size, introduction of animals from different herds, common sheds, production system, and source of replacements. For BVD, herd size, common sheds, intensive production, and large calving intervals were significant factors. Abortion rate, use of fresh colostrum, services per conception, and intensive production were the factors associated with neosporosis. Factors significantly associated to IBR were: use of bull for breeding, and positive serology to parainfluenza virus 3. Areas of risk and probability of disease were related with areas of high density of dairy cattle.
Key words: Dairy cattle, reproductive diseases, seroprevalence, epidemiology, Mexico.
Guillermo González Iñárritu, Gael GarcÃa Quinn*, Lupita Huerta Santana, Anthony Carlos Toro
Page: 68 - 77
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 7 (9), pp. 061-067, September, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of the impact of drug use on tsetse (Glossina) and trypanosomiasis among populations in western Serengeti Tanzania
Diamond Paul Ail1*, Anna Saide Sumari 2 and Julius Kikwete3 and Hasheem Platinumz
1Vector and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Institute P. O. Box 1026 Tanga, Tanzania.
2Zoology Department, University of Dar-se-salaam P. O. Box 35064 Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania.
3Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries P. O. Box 9152 Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 12 August, 2016
Abstract
A cross-section study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices about tsetse (Glossina) and trypanosomiasis among the agro-pastoralists communities around the Ikorongo/Grumeti game reserves in the Western Serengeti. Structured questionnaire were administered to 80 respondents and out of these 95% had adequate knowledge about tsetse flies and 79% knew the local names of the fly. The study also revealed that 25.5% of respondents recognized the common hideouts of tsetse to be the grazing areas near the reserves 29% along rivers and 20.4% in bushes and forests. Twenty four percent of respondents knew the clinical signs of African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) which included rough coat, emaciation (21%), diarrhea (13.3%) and loss of appetite (11.9%). Other mentioned disease symptoms which had small proportions included miscarriages, coughing, reduced milk yield and break tail. Ninety six percent of respondents ranked Animal Trypanosomiasis the first among other existing animal diseases in the area including Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), East Coast Fever (ECF) and Anaplasmosis. Chemotherapy was the most practiced method to control trypanosomiasis in the western Serengeti. Cattle owners used isometamedium chloride (samorin) and dimenazine aceturate (berenil) to treat sick animals. Economic losses caused by the disease in their animals were identified to be deaths, reduced milk production and income. Lack of enough resources to contribute to the maintenance of cattle dips and the grazing of animals inside the reserves especially during the dry season when there was shortage of pastures outside the reserves were the main constraints associated with cattle productivity in the area.
Key words: Agro-pastoralists, animal trypanosomiasis, Glossina,
Diamond Paul Ail*, Anna Saide Sumari and Julius Kikwete and Hasheem Platinumz
Page: 61 - 67
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 7 (8), pp. 055-060, August, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sera from camels slaughtered in abattoirs using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) for the presence of Brucella antibodies
Osinbajo David-West1*, Benjamin Elliot2, Aaron Owologba1, Ogheneborhie Micheal3, Chukwudi Olubuchi3 and Atasariba Jackson3
1Brucella Research Section, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
2Quality Control Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
3National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 16 July, 2016
Abstract
A sero prevalence study of camel brucellosis was carried out in three abattoirs of Northern Nigeria during the period of October to December, 2013. A total of three hundred and eleven (311) serum samples were collected from Kano, Sokoto and Maiduguri municipal abattoirs. The serum samples were screened using the Rose Bengal plate test with positive samples further tested with the lateral flow immmnoaassay. Out of 180 camel sera collected from Kano Municipal abattoir, 4 (2.2%) were positive for Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal plate test of which one was confirmed by lateral flow immunoassay. Moreover, on sex distribution 3 (3.5%) female camels and one (1.1%) male camel were positive. There was no significant association with sex and prevalence of Brucella antibodies (P>0.05). On age distribution, 3 (12.5%) adult camels were positive by only one young camel (0.6%) was positive. The result was statically significant (P<0.05). From the 32 camel sera collected from Sokoto Municipal abattoir, 2 (6.3%) were positive for Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal plate test of which one was confirmed by lateral flow immunoassay. All positive samples were adult (16.7%) female (11.8%) camels. There was no significant association with sex and age of camel (P>0.05). None of the 99 serum samples collected from Maiduguri Municipal abattoir tested positive by Rose Bengal plate test. The study concluded that Brucella antibodies are present in camel and they were probably infected due to contact with infected cattle. The importance of these finding are discussed.
Key words: Sero-prevalence, brucellosis, camel, Nigeria.
Chukwudi Olubuchi and Atasariba Jackson, Ogheneborhie Micheal, Osinbajo David-West*, Aaron Owologba, Benjamin Elliot
Page: 55 - 60
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 7 (7), pp. 047-054, July, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies in backyard and small-scale chicken producer farms in Ethiopia
Baruch D. K. Aweke1*, Mesfin C. Medhin1 and Werknesh Hersi Giorgis 2
1School of Agriculture, Animal and Range Sciences Course Team, Madda Walabu University, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia.
2College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Email: [email protected]
Accepted 19 June, 2016
Abstract
A cross-sectional study on seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies in backyard and small-scale chicken producer farms in Agarfa and Sinana districts was conducted using hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) from February, 2015 to May, 2015. A total of 384 chicken sera were randomly collected from ten kebeles of the selected districts. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test was used to analyze 384 chicken sera for NDV antibodies and the overall seroprevalence rate of 27.86% was found. A higher seroprevalence of 33.04% was observed in Sinana district when compared to Agarfa (20.13%) district. The prevalence in each kebele ranges from 15.63% to 40%; the highest prevalence of 40% was found at Horaboka, but insignificantly associated with Newcastle disease (ND) seropositivity. A Chi-square computed statistical analysis indicated that origin (χ2=7.6526; p<0.006), sex (χ2=6.9134; p<0.009) and type of chicken (layers/broilers) (χ2=11.2443; p<0.001) were the major risk factors for ND infection in the studied areas. The difference, however, was not statistically significant (p>0.05) for age (adult/young), breed (exotic/cross/indigenous (local)), contact with other flocks, access to feed and water, and seasonal occurrence. Multivariable logistic regression statistical analysis revealed that origin and type (layers/broilers) were significantly associated with ND seropositivity (p<0.05). Consequently, origin was statistically identified to be the major risk factor for ND to occur in relation to other factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =2.12). The study showed that majority of the chicken population in the studied area was susceptible to the pathogenic NDV infection. Therefore, more proactive measures should be taken to protect the chicken population from ND infection to reduce its economic impact to the poultry industry.
Key words: Agarfa, chicken, Newcastle disease, risk factors, seroprevalence, Sinana.
Mesfin C. Medhin and Werknesh Hersi Giorgis, Baruch D. K. Aweke*
Page: 47 - 54
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 7 (6), pp. 041-046, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Identification of major causes of liver and lung condemnation and evaluating possible risk factors associated with organ condemnation
Zeresenay R. Dego1*, Berhanu G. Bikila 2, Baruch Nega Nega2, Muluta Mengestu2
1Debre Birhane Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia.
2Wolaita Sodo University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia.
Email: [email protected]
Accepted 18 May, 2016
Abstract
The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 at Hawassa municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia with the aim of identifying the major causes of liver and lung condemnation and assessing possible risk factors associated with organ condemnation. Standard ante-mortem and post-mortem procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities were recorded. A total of 399 cattle were considered for ante mortem and post-mortem examination by systematic random sampling technique. In ante mortem inspection the most commonly encountered abnormalities were 3 (0.75%) lameness, 4 (1%) nasal discharge, 2 (0.5%) skin lesions and 4 (1%) rough hair coat. During post mortem inspection, 224 (56.1%) of lungs were condemned due to hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling and 207 (51.8%) of livers were condemned due to fasciolosis, hydatidosis, calcification, hardening and haemorrhage. The condemnation rate of lung with respect to each risk factor was found to be 35.3, 0.78, 9.7 and 10% for hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling, respectively. The condemnation rate of liver with respect to each risk factor was also found to be 20.5, 17.2, 4.2, 10.2 and 0.5% for fasciolosis, hydatidosis, hardening, calcification and hemorrhage, respectively. The study indicated that hydatidosis (35.5%) for lung and fasciolosis (20.7%) for liver were the major cause of condemnation, respectively. Many risk factors such as age, body condition, origin and breed of animal determined liver and lung condemnation rate. But among these only body condition showed statistically significant difference (x2= 11.524, P=0.003) with condemnation rate of each organ. The results of this study showed that condemnation of liver and lungs at the abattoir is very high, thereby preventive measure need to be designed to overcome further loss by applying appropriate treatment control and preventive measures of slaughter animals.
Key words: Abattoir, cattle, condemnation, Hawassa, liver, lungs, municipal.
Berhanu G. Bikila, Baruch Nega Nega, Zeresenay R. Dego*, Muluta Mengestu
Page: 41 - 46