International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence study of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse density in selected villages of Arbaminch, Ethiopia

Wondewosen Teka¹, Dechasa Terefe² and Anteneh Wondimu³

¹Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Public Health Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

²Department of Parasitology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

³Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

Accepted 13 March, 2018

Abstract 

A cross-sectional study was carried out aimed at determining the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and apparent tsetse density in two selected villages of Arba Minch Woreda, from November, 2009 to April, 2010. Blood samples were collected from 384 randomly selected cattle to detect the prevalence of trypanosomes using buffy coat method. The overall infection rate 4.43% (N=17) was recorded. The cattle are invariably infected with different species of trypanosome parasite and among these Trypanosoma congolense is the commonest (82.35%) followed by co-infection of Trypanosoma viviax and T. congolense (11.76%), and T. vivax (5.88%). This study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in trypanosomosis infection rate among poor, medium and good body condition animals. Poor body condition animals were highly affected compared to medium and good body condition. The mean PCV value of parasitemic and aparasitaemic animals was recorded as 20.94 and 23.55%, respectively. In each study area, entomological surveys were conducted using NGU trap and it indicated that G. pallidipes were the only tsetse fly species caught in the study area along with other biting flies like stomoxys and tabanus. Apparent tsetse flies density of 0.312 and 29.624 flies/trap/day were recorded in Fura and Eligo villages, respectively and the overall apparent density of tsetse flies in the study area was 14.97 flies/trap/day. Due to its impact on livestock production, emphasis should be given for the control and prevention of trypanosomosis infection and its vectors.

Key words: Bovine trypanosomosis, prevalence, NGU trap, Tsetse fly, Southern Ethiopia.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence and financial loss estimation of hydatidosis of cattle slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoirs enterprise

Dechassa Terefe¹*. Kibrusfaw Kebede¹, Desta Beyene² and Anteneh Wondimu³

¹Department of Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

²Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

³Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

Accepted 13 November, 2018

Abstract

The study was undertaken from November, 2009 to April, 2010, at Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise with the aim of determining the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis and to have realistic estimate of the financial loss attributed to organ condemnation as a result of hydatidosis disease. Of the 484 examined animals, 196 (40.5%) harbored hydatid cysts. Observation during the survey period also revealed that the infection rate among different age groups of examined animals were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) with the highest in old aged cattle (56%) followed by adult (37.11%) and young (9.3%). There was no statistically significant difference between infection rate and breeds, sex and body condition score of the animals. Of the total 474 recovered cysts from condemned organs, 197(41.56%), 127(26.79%), 37(7.8%) and 113(23.84%) were small, medium, large, and calcified, respectively. Of the total 474 cysts, 79(16.66%) fertile, 282(59.5%) sterile and 113(23.74%) were calcified cyst. Calcification was found higher in the liver than the lungs, while most of fertile cysts were recovered from the lungs. The financial loss from organ condemnation due to bovine hydatidosis at Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise was estimated to be 19,847,704.5 (ETB). It can be stated that hydatidosis is one of the most economically important cattle disease in the area warranting for serious attention.

Key words: Abattoir, Addis Ababa, cattle, cyst, financial loss, hydatidosis, prevalence.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Population dynamics of cattle ectoparasites in Western Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Nigatu Kebede¹* and Teshome Fetene²

¹Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

²Adamitulu PPSC, Research and Development Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Accepted 20 November, 2018

Abstract 

Skin diseases are one of the major causes of considerable economic loss from defective skin and hide export. Skin diseases caused by lice, ticks and mange mites, are among the major diseases of cattle causing serious economic loss to the farmer, the tanning industry and the country as a whole. The study was carried out from November 2009 to June 2010 to determine ectoparasites infestations and diversity in Awi zone, Amhara region. A total of 783 cattle of different breeds, husbandry and sex were inspected for ectoparasites identification, and ticks (89.4%), lice (63.5%) and mange (95.5%) were collected from examined animals. Tick species identified were: Amblyomma variegatum (49.2%), Boophilus decoloratus, (21.2%), Hyalomma marginatum (9.8%), Hyalomma truncatum (6.2%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (6.6%), and Rhipicephalus pulchellus (5.3%). Similarly, Linognathus vituli (76.3%) and Damalina bovis (23.7%) were lice species identified. Furthermore, mange mites identified were Demodex bovis (95.9%) and Chrioptes bovis (4.2%). Seasonal infestation of ticks, lice and mange was higher in local cattle breed and extensive husbandry than cross and intensive one. The largest number of ticks, lice and mange collected from a single animal was 25, 13 and 5, respectively. The prevailing ectoparasites mainly in different cattle breeds reared in Awi zone requires attention in order to minimize the spread of infestation which cause skin and hide quality degradation and disease transmission.

Key words: Ticks, lice, mange, infestation, Awi zone, Ethiopia.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Spatial distribution of tsetse flies in the Blue Nile State, Sudan

Mohammed A. Basheer¹*, Yassir O. Mohammed², Mo,awia Mukhtar Hassan¹, Mohamed A.², Mohamed M. Mohamed-Ahmed³ and Intisar E. El Rayah¹

¹Tropical Medicine Research Institute (TMRI), P. O. Box1304, Sudan.

²Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Animal Resources Research Corporation (ARRC), P. O. Box 8067, Sudan.

³Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production College, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.

Accepted 26 September, 2017

Abstract

The present study was carried out to spot the limit of tsetse fly belt in the Blue Nile State as the consecutive ecological changes tend to create significant modification in tsetse distribution. The survey was carried out for three weeks during March, 2011. Traps were placed in various vegetation types assumed to possibly harbor tsetse flies and were placed 200 m for three days at each site and harvested after 24 h. The sites where tsetse flies were encountered were marked using Global Positioning System (GPS) and the maps were generated. Tsetse geo-distribution generated map revealed that Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina morsitans submorsitans co-existed in Yabus District. Nevertheless our findings of G. m. submorsitans in the area far north is not surprising given that tsetse populations are known to recover from refugia following intervention or re-colonisation of a cleared zone from neighboring sources. However, G. f. fuscipes using biconical traps were only encountered in the river Khor Yabus extending to the East up to Platoma more than 35 linear Km west from the Ethiopian border. The apparent densities vary from 0.3 to 8 flies/trap/day, and tremendously decreased from east to west. The G. m. submorsitans flies using transect fly-round technique were caught north of its previously known limits which amounted to roughly 45 linear km north of River Khor Yabus to areas which had been assumed as devoid of the species

Key words: Spatial-distribution, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, G. morsitans submorsitans, Blue Nile State, Sudan.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of vaccination, antibiotic and vitamin therapy on some clinical parameters associated with natural outbreak of fowlpox in chickens

Okwor, E. C., Eze, D. C.* and Agbo, I. C.

Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Accepted 17 August, 2017

Abstract

The management of field outbreak of fowlpox in chickens was studied in a batch of 1050, five weeks old white cockerels. Post infection or emergency vaccination and the oral administration of antibiotics, and vitamins were investigated on how they can reduce the clinical parameter associated with fowl pox infections in chickens. Natural outbreak of fowlpox was observed in the birds at the age of five weeks and clinical signs of nodules and papules on the head and comb and the production of pocks on the chorio allantoic membranes (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs was used to diagnose the infection. On observing the clinical signs, the birds were immediately divided into four groups. Group 1 received fowlpox vaccine only. Group 2 received the vaccine and Neoceryl^® plus, a combination of antibiotics and vitamins. Group 3 received Neoceryl^® plus only, while Group 4 did not receive any treatment. Birds in all the groups were monitored for the progress of the disease up to five weeks. Best results were obtained with birds in Group 2. This was closely followed by those in Group 1. Worst results were shown by birds in Group 4 and this was followed by those in Group 3. The result shows that post infection vaccination is good in the control of fowlpox in chickens especially when it is noticed early and a small percentage of the flock is infected. Controlling secondary bacterial infection and boosting immune responses with Neoceryl^® plus played a good role.

Key words: Post infection vaccination, antibiotic/vitamin supplementation, natural fowlpox.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of adding arginine in different concentrations on some physical properties of poor motile bull sperms during different months

Ahmed Saed AL-Ebady*¹, Souhayla Oneeis Hussain², Kreem Iwaid AL-Badry² and Basima Abd Rajab³

¹College of Veterinary Medicine, University of AL-Qadisiya, Saudi Arabia.

²College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

³Department of Artificial Insemination Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq.

Accepted 18 September, 2017

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of adding arginine on poor motile bull sperms, this study was conducted in Artificial Insemination Center, Iraq, from December, 2008 to July, 2009. 114 ejaculates with poor motile sperms estimated (30 to 55%) were collected by artificial vagina (AV) from 10 Holstein bulls and extended with Tris-yolk-fructose extender supplemented with different concentrations of arginine (0, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.006 M/ml) for the determination of spermatozoa motility, dead and abnormalities percentages, and acrosoma abnormalities percentage. Results showed that adding different concentrations of arginine to poor motile bull sperms extended with Tris-yolk-fructose extender gradually increased the motility of spermatozoa but the best concentrations was 0.005 and 0.006 M/ml with significant (P < 0.05) differences when compared with the control during all month of this study, and months December and January gave better significant (P < 0.05) quality of semen compared with April, May, June and July, and last two months (June and July) gave lower significant (P 0.05) different motility and high significant (P < 0.05) different percentage of dead, abnormality and abnormal acrosoma when compared with other months.

Key words: Arginine, physical properties, poor motile, bull sperm.