ISSN 2756-3871
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study on coprological prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in and around Woreta, Northwestern Ethiopia
Biniam Tsegaye*, Hanna Abebaw and Sisay Girma
Haramaya University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 23 August, 2017
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2009 to March, 2010 to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in and around Woreta, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 384 fecal samples were examined and 159 (41.41%) were found to be positive for fasciolosis. Sex, age, peasant associations and breed were taken into consideration where 40 and 42.25% prevalence were recorded for young and adult animals, respectively. Similarly, 41.43 and 41.38% prevalence were recorded for male and female cattle, respectively. However, no statistical significance (P > 0.05) was observed for both variables. The prevalence as determined from coprological examination was highest in Kuher Abo (42.71%), followed by Woreta Zuria (41.58%), Woreta town (41.10%) and Tiwaza kena (40.35%). There was also no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in infection rate between these kebeles. The result of the study indicated that breed had significant difference (P < 0.05) with prevalence of (14.7%) and (44%) in cross and local breeds, respectively. Therefore, further abattoir surveys are recommended to strengthen the result for better understanding on the epidemiology of bovine fasciolosis in the study area.
Key words: Bovine fasciolosis, prevalence, Woreta, coprology.
Biniam Tsegaye*, Hanna Abebaw and Sisay Girma
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Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study on prevalence and identification of ticks in Humbo district, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia
Pawlos Wasihun* and Derese Doda
College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia, P. O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 15 February, 2017
Abstract
The distribution and abundance of cattle tick species in Humbo woreda, Wolaita zone, was studied over a period of 6 months from November, 2011 to April, 2012. Adult ticks were collected from seven main body regions of 384 cattle which were under extensive management system. Out of the total of 384 cattle examined, 238 (61%) were found to be infested by one or more tick species. About 2,439 adult ticks were collected from the animal body parts and identified to genera and species level. Five tick species of three genera (Amblyomma, Boophilus and Rhipicephalus) were identified. The relative prevalence of each species was Boophilus decolaratus (30%), Rhipicephalus evertsi-evertsi (25%), Amblyomma varigatum (25%), A. cohaerence (11%), and A. lepidium (6%). The risk factors like sex and age of cattle did not show significant association with the infestation rate but there was association with both breeds and body conditions. The prevalence of tick infestation in medium body condition (78%), poor body condition (67%), and good body condition (57%) was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) among the three groups of body conditions. The prevalence of tick infestation was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) among the three breeds, with highest prevalence in exotic breeds (100%) than both cross (80%) and local breeds (58%). The result indicated that the favorable predilection sites of Amblyomma species are ventral body and perineum. B. decolaratus preferred dewlap, udder/scrotum, belly, leg/tail, head, and perineum. R. eversti-evertsi had a strong predilection sites for perineum, dewlap, udder/scrotum, and ears. The sex ratio of all tick species identified during this study periods was skewed towards male except for B. decolaratus. Considering the economic importance of tick and tick borne diseases (TBDs) in the Humbo district, also in the country, there should be country wide control strategy, taking into account acaricide residues in products.
Key words: Attachment site, cattle, Humbo woreda, ixodidae, prevalence, tick burden.
Pawlos Wasihun*, Derese Doda
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows in selected commercial dairy farms of Holeta district
Alemu Aylate Ayano1*, Fikiru Hiriko2, Alemante Molla Simyalew1 and Aster Yohannes3
1School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
2School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
3Holeta Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia.
Accepted 21 January, 2017
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows from August 10, 2011 to May 25, 2012 in three purposively selected commercial dairy farms in Holeta district, Ethiopia. The study was carried out through field screening surveys by California mastitis test for each quarter milk sample, followed by bacteriological examination to identify the causative agents of intra-mammary infection. A total of 546 milking cows were examined, out of which 224 (41.02%) were found positive for subclinical mastitis on the basis of California mastitis test. Milk samples collected from 224 positive cows were subjected to microbiological culture for the isolation of pathogenic bacteria. One hundred eighty three (81.7%) of the samples were found positive for bacterial isolation. The major isolate pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%), Streptococcus uberis (12.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.7%), Escherichia coli (11.6%), Streptococcus dysagalactiae (10.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.7%), E. coli O157:H7 (6.9%), Micrococcus species (6.5%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (6.4%) and others (10.7%). Subclinical mastitis is endemic in Holeta dairy farms and thereby necessary measures are needed to be taken to prevent further losses.
Key words: California mastitis test, bacteriological culture, prevalence, subclinical mastitis.
Alemu Aylate Ayano*, Alemante Molla Simyalew and Aster Yohannes, Fikiru Hiriko
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Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-003, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular detection of canine parvovirus in Jos, Nigeria
S. C. Chollom1,2, E. J. Fyaktu2, A. E. J. Okwori3, G. O. A. Agada4, G. Hashimu5, R. Y. Akele3, E. I. Voumangai6, T. Dashe7 and D. Z. Egah3
1Viral Research Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
2Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Jos, Nigeria.
3Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
4Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
5Bacterial Vaccine Production Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Nigeria.
6Laboratory Department, Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
7Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Plateau State Virology Research Centre, Plateau State Specialist Hospital Jos, Nigeria.
Accepted 28 November, 2016
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains the most significant viral cause of enteritis in puppies over the age of two months. This study was meant to detect the virus by targeting the VP2 gene, a 583 bp gene (nucleotide 4003 to 4585) of the capsid protein. The detection of the virus was carried out by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on one hundred and nine samples. Seventy five of these were rectal swabs while thirty four were necropsy tissues, all from dogs presenting with symptoms suggestive of parvovirus enteritis from veterinary clinics in Jos metropolis. Results revealed that 47.70% of the samples were found to be positive for the virus. The rate of detection was more in necropsy tissues (64.71%) relative to rectal swabs (40.00%). A breakdown of the incidence of the infection across breeds of dogs showed that the Rottweillers had 60.00%, Doberman pinchers had 54.54%, Pitbulls had 53.33% while Tan coloured and local breeds of dogs had 50.00 and 21.42%, respectively. With a prevalence rate of 47.70%, the findings have confirmed that the virus is circulating in Jos, Nigeria. As such, stake holders must quickly intervene to arrest the situation given the high economic losses associated with the disease.
Key words: Canine parvovirus, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Jos.
T. Dashe and D. Z. Egah, E. I. Voumangai, E. J. Fyaktu, G. Hashimu, G. O. A. Agada, S. C. Chollom, R. Y. Akele, A. E. J. Okwori
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Occurrences and financial significance of bovine cystic echinococcosis in Southern Wollo, Northeastern Ethiopia
Alemu Bizuwork1, Nigatu Kebede2*, Tariku Tibat1, Getachew Tilahun2 and Tesfu Kassa2
1School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
2Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 16 December, 2016
Abstract
The study was carried out in Kombolcha ELFORA Industrial Abattoir to assess the current status and economic importance of bovine hydatidosis. Hyatid cyst count, characterization and economic loss assessment were conducted out of a total of 535 cattles slaughtered in Kombolcha ELFORA Industrial Abattoir. 93 (17.4%) animals were found harboring hydatid cysts. Thorough meat inspection in the abattoir revealed that 101 visceral organs were found harboring one or more hydatid cyst. The infection of the lung, liver, spleen, heart and kidney were found to be 50.5, 40.6, 1.98, 4.95 and 1.98%, respectively. From the total of 276 hydatid cysts counted, 135 (49.6%), 47 (17%), 20 (7.24%) and 72 (26%) were found to be small, medium, large and calcified cysts, respectively and 178 (67.9%), 12 (4.3%) and 72 (26%) were sterile, fertile and calcified, respectively. The rate of cyst calcification was higher in the liver than in the lung while fertility rate was higher among the cysts of the lung. The annual financial losses from organ condemnation and carcass weight loss due to bovine hydatidosis at Kombolcha ELFORA Industrial Abattoir were estimated to be 288,473.60 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) ($1 = 17.00 ETB). Thus, echinococcosis/hydatidosis is considerably a prevalent disease in cattle, with serious public health concern reflections and causes substantial visible and invisible losses in cattle in the study area.
Key words: Bovine hydatidosis, economic loss, Kombolcha ELFORA, meat inspection, prevalence.
Nigatu Kebede*, Tariku Tibat, Alemu Bizuwork, Getachew Tilahun and Tesfu Kassa
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Gross pathological changes in the reproductive tracts of cows slaughtered at two abattoirs in Southern Ethiopia
Berhanu Mekibib1, Techan Desta2 and Dawit Tesfaye1*
1School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
2Mizan Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau, Mizan, Ethiopia.
Accepted 18 February, 2017
Abstract
Abattoir based study was conducted to assess the type and prevalence of reproductive abnormalities and pregnancy status of cows slaughtered at Hawassa municipality abattoir and Tula slaughter house. Out of the 345 genital tracts examined, one or two gross abnormalities with different degrees of severity were observed in 124 (35.9%) of genital tract. The most common abnormalities encountered were ovariobursal adhesions (6.38%, n=22), endometritis (4.93%, n=17), and follicular cysts (4.35%, n=15). On anatomical basis, ovarian abnormalities (14.78%, n=51) were more frequent followed by uterine (10.43%, n=36), cervico-vaginal (7.25%, n=25) and oviductal (4.93%, n=17) abnormalities. Both breed and study area showed no statistically significant effect in the prevalence of reproductive abnormalities. Pregnancy was recorded in 26.67% (n=92) of the slaughtered cows, of which 45.65% (n=42) were in the first trimester, while 30.43% (n=28) and 23.91% (n=22) in the second and third trimesters, respectively. The current study revealed that reproductive tract abnormalities are important diseases in the study areas with considerable impact on the reproductive performance of cows. Moreover, the large number of cyclical (36.52%) and pregnant cows (26.67%) slaughtered without any gross abnormalities indicates the absence of proper gynecological examination prior to slaughtering.
Key words: Reproductive abnormalities, genital tract, slaughter, cows, Hawassa, Tula.
Techan Desta and Dawit Tesfaye*, Berhanu Mekibib
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