International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health ISSN 2756-3871 Vol. 12(4), April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Emerging infectious diseases in veterinary practice: Challenges and solutions

Abstract:

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose significant challenges to veterinary practice, requiring effective solutions to mitigate their impact. This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by veterinary professionals in managing EIDs and propose potential solutions. The study highlights the importance of understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics of emerging pathogens in order to develop appropriate preventive measures and control strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance systems and rapid diagnostic tools to facilitate early detection and prompt response to EID outbreaks. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of vaccination programs, biosecurity measures, and public awareness campaigns in preventing and controlling the spread of EIDs in veterinary practice. Lastly, it addresses the importance of collaboration between veterinary professionals, public health agencies, and other stakeholders in effectively addressing the challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases.

Keywords: Emerging infectious diseases, veterinary practice, challenges, solutions, epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, preventive measures, control strategies, surveillance systems, rapid diagnostics, vaccination programs, biosecurity measures, public awareness campaigns, collaboration.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence, cyst characterization and economic importance of bovine hydatidosis in Mekelle municipality abattoir, Northern Ethiopia

G. Dawit^1,2, A. Adem⁴, K. Simenew^1,3* and Z. Tilahun¹

¹College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.

²College of Agriculture, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.

³School of Agricultural Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.

⁴College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

Accepted 07 January, 2019

Abstract

A cross-sectional survey of bovine hydatidosis was carried out on 840 local zebu cattle slaughtered at Mekelle municipal abattoir to determine the prevalence, fertility of hydatid cysts and to assess economic loss. The total prevalence rate was found to be 28.09% at the study period of 8 months from October to May. Observation during the survey period also revealed that the infection rate among different age groups of examined animals were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), with the highest in old aged cattle (31.98%) followed by adult (21.63%) and young (17.65%). There was statistically significant difference between infection rate and body condition score of the animals with 37.24% lean, 26.27% medium and 21.64% fat body condition. More than 98% of the infected organs were lungs and livers, with higher prevalence in lungs than liver. Out of the total 949 cyst identified, 65.54% were found in lung, 32.88% in liver, 1.01% in heart and 0.53% in kidney. Four hundred and eighty nine of the cysts were small, 160 were medium, 180 were large and 115 were calcified. The fertile, sterile and calcified cysts were found to be 17.44, 45.27 and 37.29%, respectively. Twenty three percent of the fertile cysts were viable and the rest were not. The total annual economic loss was estimated to be 5,200 US Dollar. Furthermore, attempts were made to correlate the origin of the animal and there was no significance between highland and lowland areas.

Key words: Abattoir, economic loss, hydatidosis, prevalence, zebu cattle.